executing_scripts.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> 3 <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <title>Executing Scripts | Embark</title> 6 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1"> 7 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 8 <!-- Canonical links --> 9 <link rel="canonical" href="https://framework.embarklabs.io/docs/executing_scripts.html"> 10 <!-- Alternative links --> 11 12 13 <!-- Icon --> 14 <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#080E1A"> 15 <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/images/favicon-16.png" sizes="16x16" /> 16 <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/images/favicon-32.png" sizes="32x32" /> 17 18 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon-60x60-precomposed.png"> 19 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon-76x76-precomposed.png"> 20 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon-120x120-precomposed.png"> 21 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon-152x152-precomposed.png"> 22 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> 23 <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/images/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> 24 <!-- CSS --> 25 26 <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/embark.css"> 27 28 <!-- endbuild --> 29 30 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> 31 <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.css" /> 32 33 <!-- RSS --> 34 <link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="Embark"> 35 <meta property="og:image" content="/img/share.png?v=0.0.5" /> 36 <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.15.4/styles/dracula.min.css"> 37 38 <script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script> 39 40 41 <script> 42 !function(root, factory) { 43 "function" == typeof define && define.amd ? // AMD. 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is-active">Executing Scripts</a> 379 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 380 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 381 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 382 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 383 </li> 384 </ul> 385 </div> --> 386 </li> 387 388 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 389 <a href="/docs/javascript_usage.html" title="Using EmbarkJS" class="u-link-uniform ">Using EmbarkJS</a> 390 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 391 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 392 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 393 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 394 </li> 395 </ul> 396 </div> --> 397 </li> 398 399 </ul> 400 </div> 401 402 <div class="o-distance-xl"> 403 <h3 class="c-category-title">Smart Contract Development</h3> 404 <ul class="o-list-bare"> 405 406 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 407 <a href="/docs/contracts_configuration.html" title="Configuration" class="u-link-uniform ">Configuration</a> 408 <!-- <div 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Embark?</a> 434 </li> 435 </ul> 436 </div> --> 437 </li> 438 439 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 440 <a href="/docs/contracts_testing.html" title="Testing" class="u-link-uniform ">Testing</a> 441 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 442 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 443 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 444 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 445 </li> 446 </ul> 447 </div> --> 448 </li> 449 450 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 451 <a href="/docs/contracts_javascript.html" title="Smart Contracts in JavaScript" class="u-link-uniform ">Smart Contracts in JavaScript</a> 452 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 453 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 454 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 455 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 456 </li> 457 </ul> 458 </div> --> 459 </li> 460 461 </ul> 462 </div> 463 464 <div class="o-distance-xl"> 465 <h3 class="c-category-title">Blockchain Client</h3> 466 <ul class="o-list-bare"> 467 468 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 469 <a href="/docs/blockchain_configuration.html" title="Configuration" class="u-link-uniform ">Configuration</a> 470 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 471 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 472 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 473 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 474 </li> 475 </ul> 476 </div> --> 477 </li> 478 479 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 480 <a href="/docs/blockchain_accounts_configuration.html" title="Managing Accounts" class="u-link-uniform ">Managing Accounts</a> 481 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 482 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 483 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 484 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 485 </li> 486 </ul> 487 </div> --> 488 </li> 489 490 </ul> 491 </div> 492 493 <div class="o-distance-xl"> 494 <h3 class="c-category-title">Storage (IPFS/Swarm)</h3> 495 <ul class="o-list-bare"> 496 497 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 498 <a href="/docs/storage_configuration.html" title="Configuration" class="u-link-uniform ">Configuration</a> 499 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 500 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 501 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 502 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 503 </li> 504 </ul> 505 </div> --> 506 </li> 507 508 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 509 <a href="/docs/storage_deployment.html" title="Deploying apps" class="u-link-uniform ">Deploying apps</a> 510 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 511 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 512 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 513 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 514 </li> 515 </ul> 516 </div> --> 517 </li> 518 519 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 520 <a href="/docs/storage_javascript.html" title="Storage APIs in JavaScript" class="u-link-uniform ">Storage APIs in JavaScript</a> 521 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 522 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 523 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 524 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 525 </li> 526 </ul> 527 </div> --> 528 </li> 529 530 </ul> 531 </div> 532 533 <div class="o-distance-xl"> 534 <h3 class="c-category-title">Messages (Whisper)</h3> 535 <ul class="o-list-bare"> 536 537 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 538 <a href="/docs/messages_configuration.html" title="Configuration" class="u-link-uniform ">Configuration</a> 539 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 540 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 541 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 542 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 543 </li> 544 </ul> 545 </div> --> 546 </li> 547 548 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 549 <a href="/docs/messages_javascript.html" title="Messages in JavaScript" class="u-link-uniform ">Messages in JavaScript</a> 550 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 551 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 552 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 553 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 554 </li> 555 </ul> 556 </div> --> 557 </li> 558 559 </ul> 560 </div> 561 562 <div class="o-distance-xl"> 563 <h3 class="c-category-title">Naming Systems (ENS)</h3> 564 <ul class="o-list-bare"> 565 566 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 567 <a href="/docs/naming_configuration.html" title="Configuration" class="u-link-uniform ">Configuration</a> 568 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 569 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 570 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 571 <a href="#" title="What is Embark?" class="u-link-uniform">What is Embark?</a> 572 </li> 573 </ul> 574 </div> --> 575 </li> 576 577 <li class="o-list-bare__item"> 578 <a href="/docs/naming_javascript.html" title="Naming Systems in JavaScript" class="u-link-uniform ">Naming Systems in JavaScript</a> 579 <!-- <div class="o-distance-m"> 580 <ul class="o-list-bare c-navigation__subnav"> 581 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class="o-guided-content__content"> 766 <p class="c-meta">Last updated: February 18th 2020 767 (<a href="https://github.com/embarklabs/embark/edit/master/site/source/docs/executing_scripts.md" target="_blank"> 768 Improve this guide <svg class="c-icon c-icon--xs"><use xlink:href="/../../assets/icons/symbols.svg#icon-pen-write-paper"></use></svg> 769 </a>) 770 </p> 771 <div class="o-standard-page"> 772 <h1>Executing Scripts</h1> 773 <p>There are various features in Embark that help you making the deployment of your DApps and Smart Contracts as smooth as possible. Next to general <a href="contracts_configuration.html">Smart Contract Configurations</a>, <a href="contracts_configuration.html#Deployment-hooks">Deployment Hooks</a> and <a href="cockpit_introduction.html">Cockpit</a>, there’s the possibility to run (migration) scripts as well.</p> 774 <p>In this guide we’ll explore why scripts are useful and how they can be run.</p> 775 <h2 id="Why-scripts"><a href="#Why-scripts" class="headerlink" title="Why scripts?"></a>Why scripts?</h2><p>Given that Embark supports <a href="contracts_configuration.html#afterDeploy-hook">afterDeploy</a> hooks that make it extremely easy to perform custom operations after all of your Smart Contracts have been deployed, you might wonder when and where scripts can be useful.</p> 776 <p>It’s important to note that <code>afterDeploy</code> hooks are executed every time all Smart Contracts have been deployed. Often there are cases where running a (migration) script manually is what you really need.</p> 777 <p>Scripts let you do exactly that as they can be run at any time, regardless of what your app’s current deployment status is.</p> 778 <h2 id="What’s-a-script"><a href="#What’s-a-script" class="headerlink" title="What’s a script?"></a>What’s a script?</h2><p>A script is really just a file with an exported function that has special dependencies injected into it. Here’s what it could look like:</p> 779 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">modules.exports = async ({ contracts, web3, logger}) => {</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 780 781 <p>The injected parameters are:</p> 782 <ul> 783 <li><code>contracts</code> - A map object containing all of your Smart Contracts as Embark Smart Contract instances.</li> 784 <li><code>web3</code> - A web3 instances to give you access to things like accounts.</li> 785 <li><code>logger</code> - Embark’s custom logger.</li> 786 </ul> 787 <p>Scripts can be located anywhere on your machine, but should most likely live inside your project’s file tree in a dedicated folder.</p> 788 <h2 id="Running-scripts"><a href="#Running-scripts" class="headerlink" title="Running scripts"></a>Running scripts</h2><p>To run a script, use the CLI <code>exec</code> command and specify an environment as well as the script to be executed:</p> 789 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ embark exec development scripts/001.js</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 790 791 <p>The command above will execute the function in <code>scripts/001.js</code> and ensures that Smart Contracts are deployed in the <code>development</code> environment.</p> 792 <p>If you have multiple scripts that should run in order, it’s also possible to specify the directory in which they live in:</p> 793 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ embark exec development scripts</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 794 795 <p>Embark will then find all script files inside the specified directory (in this case <code>scripts</code>) and then run them one by one. If any of the scripts fails by emitting an error, Embark will abort the execution. Scripts are executed in sequence, which means all following scripts won’t be executed in case of an error.</p> 796 <h2 id="Error-Handling"><a href="#Error-Handling" class="headerlink" title="Error Handling"></a>Error Handling</h2><p>It’s possible and recommended for scripts to emit proper errors in case they fail to do their job. There are several ways to emit an error depending on how you write your function. Scripts are executed asyncronously, so one way to emit an error is to reject a promise:</p> 797 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">modules.exports = () => {</span><br><span class="line"> return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {</span><br><span class="line"> reject(new Error('Whoops, something went wrong'));</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// or</span><br><span class="line">modules.exports = () => {</span><br><span class="line"> return Promise.reject(new Error ('Whoops, something went wrong'));</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 798 799 <p>If your script uses the <code>async/await</code> syntax, errors are emitted by default when using other <code>async</code> APIs that fail:</p> 800 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">module.exports = async () => {</span><br><span class="line"> await someAPIThatFails(); // this will emit an error</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 801 802 <p>If an error is emitted, Embark will do its best to give you information about the original error:</p> 803 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 001.js running....</span><br><span class="line">Script '001.js' failed to execute. Original error: Error: Whoops, something went wrong</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 804 805 <h2 id="Tracking-scripts"><a href="#Tracking-scripts" class="headerlink" title="Tracking scripts"></a>Tracking scripts</h2><p>Just like Smart Contract deployments are tracked, (migration) scripts can be tracked as well. Since scripts can be one-off operations, Embark will not track whether they have been executed by default. Users are always able to run a script using the <code>exec</code> command as discussed in the previous sections.</p> 806 <p>To have Embark “remember” that a certain script was already run, you can use the <code>--track</code> option of the <code>exec</code> command, which will force tracking for this particular script:</p> 807 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ embark exec development scripts/001.js --track</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 808 809 <p>If we try to run the script again with the <code>--track</code> option, Embark will notice that the script has already been executed and tell us that it’s “already done”.</p> 810 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ embark exec development scripts/001.js --track</span><br><span class="line">.. 001.js already done</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 811 812 <p>If however, we don’t provide the <code>--track</code> flag, Embark will execute the script as usual.</p> 813 <p>For cases in which we <strong>do</strong> want to track a set of scripts, especially when the main use case are migration operations, we can put our scripts in a special “migrations” directory. All scripts inside that directory will be tracked by default.</p> 814 <p>The directory can be specified using the <code>migrations</code> property in your project’s embark.json:</p> 815 <figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> migrations: 'migrations'</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure> 816 817 <p>If no such property is specified, Embark will default to “migrations”. Running any script or set of scripts is then automatically tracked.</p> 818 819 </div> 820 <div class="o-container-medium o-distance-l"> 821 <div class="o-flex o-flex-space-between"> 822 823 <div class="o-flex__item"> 824 <a href="/docs/pipeline_and_webpack.html" class="c-button c-button--quite" title="Previous article">Previous</a> 825 </div> 826 827 828 <div class="o-flex__item"> 829 <a href="/docs/javascript_usage.html" class="c-button c-button--quite" title="Next article">Next</a> 830 </div> 831 832 </div> 833 834 835 </div> 836 </div> 837 <div class="o-guided-content__addition"> 838 <h3 class="c-category-title">Contents</h3> 839 <ol class="o-list-bare"><li class="o-list-bare__item o-list-bare-level-2 o-ellipsis"><a href="#Why-scripts" class="u-link-uniform">Why scripts?</a></li><li class="o-list-bare__item o-list-bare-level-2 o-ellipsis"><a href="#What’s-a-script" class="u-link-uniform">What’s a script?</a></li><li class="o-list-bare__item o-list-bare-level-2 o-ellipsis"><a 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