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Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module, 228 containing the networking core, and a set of utility and daemon programs.</p> 229 <p>This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it. It 230 is also very light-weight, and easy to transfer to, and install on new systems.</p> 231 <p>When you have Reticulum installed, any program or application that uses Reticulum 232 will automatically load and initialise Reticulum when it starts, if it is not 233 already running.</p> 234 <p>In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use 235 Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the 236 program can now communicate over any Reticulum networks available. If another 237 program starts up and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the already 238 running instance is simply shared. This works for any number of programs running 239 concurrently, and is very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there 240 are other options.</p> 241 <section id="configuration-data"> 242 <h2>Configuration & Data<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-data" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> 243 <p>Reticulum stores all information that it needs to function in a single file-system 244 directory. When Reticulum is started, it will look for a valid configuration 245 directory in the following places:</p> 246 <ul class="simple"> 247 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/reticulum</span></code></p></li> 248 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.config/reticulum</span></code></p></li> 249 <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum</span></code></p></li> 250 </ul> 251 <p>If no existing configuration directory is found, the directory <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum</span></code> 252 is created, and the default configuration will be automatically created here. 253 You can move it to one of the other locations if you wish.</p> 254 <p>It is also possible to use completely arbitrary configuration directories by 255 specifying the relevant command-line parameters when running Reticulum-based 256 programs. You can also run multiple separate Reticulum instances on the same 257 physical system, either in isolation from each other, or connected together.</p> 258 <p>In most cases, a single physical system will only need to run one Reticulum 259 instance. This can either be launched at boot, as a system service, or simply 260 be brought up when a program needs it. In either case, any number of programs 261 running on the same system will automatically share the same Reticulum instance, 262 if the configuration allows for it, which it does by default.</p> 263 <p>The entire configuration of Reticulum is found in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum/config</span></code> 264 file. When Reticulum is first started on a new system, a basic, but fully functional 265 configuration file is created. The default configuration looks like this:</p> 266 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This is the default Reticulum config file.</span> 267 <span class="c1"># You should probably edit it to include any additional,</span> 268 <span class="c1"># interfaces and settings you might need.</span> 269 270 <span class="c1"># Only the most basic options are included in this default</span> 271 <span class="c1"># configuration. To see a more verbose, and much longer,</span> 272 <span class="c1"># configuration example, you can run the command:</span> 273 <span class="c1"># rnsd --exampleconfig</span> 274 275 276 <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">reticulum</span><span class="p">]</span> 277 278 <span class="c1"># If you enable Transport, your system will route traffic</span> 279 <span class="c1"># for other peers, pass announces and serve path requests.</span> 280 <span class="c1"># This should be done for systems that are suited to act</span> 281 <span class="c1"># as transport nodes, ie. if they are stationary and</span> 282 <span class="c1"># always-on. This directive is optional and can be removed</span> 283 <span class="c1"># for brevity.</span> 284 285 <span class="n">enable_transport</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">No</span> 286 287 288 <span class="c1"># By default, the first program to launch the Reticulum</span> 289 <span class="c1"># Network Stack will create a shared instance, that other</span> 290 <span class="c1"># programs can communicate with. Only the shared instance</span> 291 <span class="c1"># opens all the configured interfaces directly, and other</span> 292 <span class="c1"># local programs communicate with the shared instance over</span> 293 <span class="c1"># a local socket. This is completely transparent to the</span> 294 <span class="c1"># user, and should generally be turned on. This directive</span> 295 <span class="c1"># is optional and can be removed for brevity.</span> 296 297 <span class="n">share_instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Yes</span> 298 299 300 <span class="c1"># If you want to run multiple *different* shared instances</span> 301 <span class="c1"># on the same system, you will need to specify different</span> 302 <span class="c1"># instance names for each. On platforms supporting domain</span> 303 <span class="c1"># sockets, this can be done with the instance_name option:</span> 304 305 <span class="n">instance_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">default</span> 306 307 <span class="c1"># Some platforms don't support domain sockets, and if that</span> 308 <span class="c1"># is the case, you can isolate different instances by</span> 309 <span class="c1"># specifying a unique set of ports for each:</span> 310 311 <span class="c1"># shared_instance_port = 37428</span> 312 <span class="c1"># instance_control_port = 37429</span> 313 314 315 <span class="c1"># If you want to explicitly use TCP for shared instance</span> 316 <span class="c1"># communication, instead of domain sockets, this is also</span> 317 <span class="c1"># possible, by using the following option:</span> 318 319 <span class="c1"># shared_instance_type = tcp</span> 320 321 322 <span class="c1"># On systems where running instances may not have access</span> 323 <span class="c1"># to the same shared Reticulum configuration directory,</span> 324 <span class="c1"># it is still possible to allow full interactivity for</span> 325 <span class="c1"># running instances, by manually specifying a shared RPC</span> 326 <span class="c1"># key. In almost all cases, this option is not needed, but</span> 327 <span class="c1"># it can be useful on operating systems such as Android.</span> 328 <span class="c1"># The key must be specified as bytes in hexadecimal.</span> 329 330 <span class="c1"># rpc_key = e5c032d3ec4e64a6aca9927ba8ab73336780f6d71790</span> 331 332 333 <span class="c1"># It is possible to allow remote management of Reticulum</span> 334 <span class="c1"># systems using the various built-in utilities, such as</span> 335 <span class="c1"># rnstatus and rnpath. You will need to specify one or</span> 336 <span class="c1"># more Reticulum Identity hashes for authenticating the</span> 337 <span class="c1"># queries from client programs. For this purpose, you can</span> 338 <span class="c1"># use existing identity files, or generate new ones with</span> 339 <span class="c1"># the rnid utility.</span> 340 341 <span class="c1"># enable_remote_management = yes</span> 342 <span class="c1"># remote_management_allowed = 9fb6d773498fb3feda407ed8ef2c3229, 2d882c5586e548d79b5af27bca1776dc</span> 343 344 345 <span class="c1"># You can configure Reticulum to panic and forcibly close</span> 346 <span class="c1"># if an unrecoverable interface error occurs, such as the</span> 347 <span class="c1"># hardware device for an interface disappearing. This is</span> 348 <span class="c1"># an optional directive, and can be left out for brevity.</span> 349 <span class="c1"># This behaviour is disabled by default.</span> 350 351 <span class="c1"># panic_on_interface_error = No</span> 352 353 354 <span class="c1"># When Transport is enabled, it is possible to allow the</span> 355 <span class="c1"># Transport Instance to respond to probe requests from</span> 356 <span class="c1"># the rnprobe utility. This can be a useful tool to test</span> 357 <span class="c1"># connectivity. When this option is enabled, the probe</span> 358 <span class="c1"># destination will be generated from the Identity of the</span> 359 <span class="c1"># Transport Instance, and printed to the log at startup.</span> 360 <span class="c1"># Optional, and disabled by default.</span> 361 362 <span class="c1"># respond_to_probes = No</span> 363 364 365 <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="p">]</span> 366 <span class="c1"># Valid log levels are 0 through 7:</span> 367 <span class="c1"># 0: Log only critical information</span> 368 <span class="c1"># 1: Log errors and lower log levels</span> 369 <span class="c1"># 2: Log warnings and lower log levels</span> 370 <span class="c1"># 3: Log notices and lower log levels</span> 371 <span class="c1"># 4: Log info and lower (this is the default)</span> 372 <span class="c1"># 5: Verbose logging</span> 373 <span class="c1"># 6: Debug logging</span> 374 <span class="c1"># 7: Extreme logging</span> 375 376 <span class="n">loglevel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span> 377 378 379 <span class="c1"># The interfaces section defines the physical and virtual</span> 380 <span class="c1"># interfaces Reticulum will use to communicate on. This</span> 381 <span class="c1"># section will contain examples for a variety of interface</span> 382 <span class="c1"># types. You can modify these or use them as a basis for</span> 383 <span class="c1"># your own config, or simply remove the unused ones.</span> 384 385 <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">]</span> 386 387 <span class="c1"># This interface enables communication with other</span> 388 <span class="c1"># link-local Reticulum nodes over UDP. It does not</span> 389 <span class="c1"># need any functional IP infrastructure like routers</span> 390 <span class="c1"># or DHCP servers, but will require that at least link-</span> 391 <span class="c1"># local IPv6 is enabled in your operating system, which</span> 392 <span class="c1"># should be enabled by default in almost any OS. See</span> 393 <span class="c1"># the Reticulum Manual for more configuration options.</span> 394 395 <span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Default</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span> 396 <span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AutoInterface</span> 397 <span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span> 398 </pre></div> 399 </div> 400 <p>If Reticulum infrastructure already exists locally, you probably don’t need to 401 change anything, and you may already be connected to a wider network. If not, 402 you will probably need to add relevant <em>interfaces</em> to the configuration, in 403 order to communicate with other systems.</p> 404 <p>You can generate a much more verbose configuration example by running the command:</p> 405 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span> <span class="pre">--exampleconfig</span></code></p> 406 <p>The output includes examples for most interface types supported 407 by Reticulum, along with additional options and configuration parameters.</p> 408 <p>It is a good idea to read the comments and explanations in the above default config. 409 It will teach you the basic concepts you need to understand to configure your network. 410 Once you have done that, take a look at the <a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html#interfaces-main"><span class="std std-ref">Interfaces</span></a> chapter 411 of this manual.</p> 412 </section> 413 <section id="included-utility-programs"> 414 <h2>Included Utility Programs<a class="headerlink" href="#included-utility-programs" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> 415 <p>Reticulum includes a range of useful utilities, both for managing your Reticulum 416 networks, and for carrying out common tasks over Reticulum networks, such as 417 transferring files to remote systems, and executing commands and programs remotely.</p> 418 <p>If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want 419 Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting 420 a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that 421 other programs, applications and services can utilise.</p> 422 <section id="the-rnsd-utility"> 423 <h3>The rnsd Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnsd-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 424 <p>It is very easy to run Reticulum as a service. Simply run the included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> command. 425 When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if 426 it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the 427 Reticulum network it is configured for.</p> 428 <p>You can even run multiple instances of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> with different configurations on 429 the same system.</p> 430 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 431 <p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code>:</p> 432 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnsd 433 434 [2023-08-18 17:59:56] [Notice] Started rnsd version 0.5.8 435 </pre></div> 436 </div> 437 <p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> in service mode, ensuring all logging output is sent directly to file:</p> 438 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnsd -s 439 </pre></div> 440 </div> 441 <p>Generate a verbose and detailed configuration example, with explanations of all the 442 various configuration options, and interface configuration examples:</p> 443 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnsd --exampleconfig 444 </pre></div> 445 </div> 446 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 447 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnsd.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [-s] [--exampleconfig] [--version] 448 449 Reticulum Network Stack Daemon 450 451 options: 452 -h, --help show this help message and exit 453 --config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory 454 -v, --verbose 455 -q, --quiet 456 -s, --service rnsd is running as a service and should log to file 457 --exampleconfig print verbose configuration example to stdout and exit 458 --version show program's version number and exit 459 </pre></div> 460 </div> 461 <p>You can easily add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as an always-on service by <a class="reference internal" href="#using-systemd"><span class="std std-ref">configuring a service</span></a>.</p> 462 </section> 463 <section id="the-rnstatus-utility"> 464 <h3>The rnstatus Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnstatus-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 465 <p>Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum 466 interfaces, similar to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ifconfig</span></code> program.</p> 467 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 468 <p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code>:</p> 469 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnstatus 470 471 Shared Instance[37428] 472 Status : Up 473 Serving : 1 program 474 Rate : 1.00 Gbps 475 Traffic : 83.13 KB↑ 476 86.10 KB↓ 477 478 AutoInterface[Local] 479 Status : Up 480 Mode : Full 481 Rate : 10.00 Mbps 482 Peers : 1 reachable 483 Traffic : 63.23 KB↑ 484 80.17 KB↓ 485 486 TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Dublin/dublin.connect.reticulum.network:4965] 487 Status : Up 488 Mode : Full 489 Rate : 10.00 Mbps 490 Traffic : 187.27 KB↑ 491 74.17 KB↓ 492 493 RNodeInterface[RNode UHF] 494 Status : Up 495 Mode : Access Point 496 Rate : 1.30 kbps 497 Access : 64-bit IFAC by <…e702c42ba8> 498 Traffic : 8.49 KB↑ 499 9.23 KB↓ 500 501 Reticulum Transport Instance <5245a8efe1788c6a1cd36144a270e13b> running 502 </pre></div> 503 </div> 504 <p>Filter output to only show some interfaces:</p> 505 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnstatus rnode 506 507 RNodeInterface[RNode UHF] 508 Status : Up 509 Mode : Access Point 510 Rate : 1.30 kbps 511 Access : 64-bit IFAC by <…e702c42ba8> 512 Traffic : 8.49 KB↑ 513 9.23 KB↓ 514 515 Reticulum Transport Instance <5245a8efe1788c6a1cd36144a270e13b> running 516 </pre></div> 517 </div> 518 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 519 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnstatus [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-a] [-A] 520 [-l] [-s SORT] [-r] [-j] [-R hash] [-i path] 521 [-w seconds] [-v] [filter] 522 523 Reticulum Network Stack Status 524 525 positional arguments: 526 filter only display interfaces with names including filter 527 528 options: 529 -h, --help show this help message and exit 530 --config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory 531 --version show program's version number and exit 532 -a, --all show all interfaces 533 -A, --announce-stats show announce stats 534 -l, --link-stats show link stats 535 -s SORT, --sort SORT sort interfaces by [rate, traffic, rx, tx, announces, arx, atx, held] 536 -r, --reverse reverse sorting 537 -j, --json output in JSON format 538 -R hash transport identity hash of remote instance to get status from (requires -i) 539 -i path path to identity used for remote management 540 -w seconds timeout before giving up on remote queries 541 -v, --verbose 542 </pre></div> 543 </div> 544 <div class="admonition note"> 545 <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> 546 <p>When using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-R</span></code> to query a remote transport instance, you must also specify <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-i</span></code> with the path to a management identity file that is authorized for remote management on the target system.</p> 547 </div> 548 </section> 549 <section id="the-rnid-utility"> 550 <h3>The rnid Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnid-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 551 <p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnid</span></code> utility, you can generate, manage and view Reticulum Identities. 552 The program can also calculate Destination hashes, and perform encryption and 553 decryption of files.</p> 554 <p>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnid</span></code>, it is possible to asymmetrically encrypt files and information for 555 any Reticulum destination hash, and also to create and verify cryptographic signatures.</p> 556 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 557 <p>Generate a new Identity:</p> 558 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -g ./new_identity 559 </pre></div> 560 </div> 561 <p>Display Identity key information:</p> 562 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -i ./new_identity -p 563 564 Loaded Identity <984b74a3f768bef236af4371e6f248cd> from new_id 565 Public Key : 0f4259fef4521ab75a3409e353fe9073eb10783b4912a6a9937c57bf44a62c1e 566 Private Key : Hidden 567 </pre></div> 568 </div> 569 <p>Encrypt a file for an LXMF user:</p> 570 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -i 8dd57a738226809646089335a6b03695 -e my_file.txt 571 572 Recalled Identity <bc7291552be7a58f361522990465165c> for destination <8dd57a738226809646089335a6b03695> 573 Encrypting my_file.txt 574 File my_file.txt encrypted for <bc7291552be7a58f361522990465165c> to my_file.txt.rfe 575 </pre></div> 576 </div> 577 <p>If the Identity for the destination is not already known, you can fetch it from the network by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-R</span></code> command-line option:</p> 578 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -R -i 30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9 -e my_file.txt 579 580 Requesting unknown Identity for <30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9>... 581 Received Identity <2b489d06eaf7c543808c76a5332a447d> for destination <30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9> from the network 582 Encrypting my_file.txt 583 File my_file.txt encrypted for <2b489d06eaf7c543808c76a5332a447d> to my_file.txt.rfe 584 </pre></div> 585 </div> 586 <p>Decrypt a file using the Reticulum Identity it was encrypted for:</p> 587 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -i ./my_identity -d my_file.txt.rfe 588 589 Loaded Identity <2225fdeecaf6e2db4556c3c2d7637294> from ./my_identity 590 Decrypting ./my_file.txt.rfe... 591 File ./my_file.txt.rfe decrypted with <2225fdeecaf6e2db4556c3c2d7637294> to ./my_file.txt 592 </pre></div> 593 </div> 594 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 595 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnid.py [-h] [--config path] [-i identity] [-g path] [-v] [-q] [-a aspects] 596 [-H aspects] [-e path] [-d path] [-s path] [-V path] [-r path] [-w path] 597 [-f] [-R] [-t seconds] [-p] [-P] [--version] 598 599 Reticulum Identity & Encryption Utility 600 601 options: 602 -h, --help show this help message and exit 603 --config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory 604 -i identity, --identity identity 605 hexadecimal Reticulum Destination hash or path to Identity file 606 -g path, --generate path 607 generate a new Identity 608 -v, --verbose increase verbosity 609 -q, --quiet decrease verbosity 610 -a aspects, --announce aspects 611 announce a destination based on this Identity 612 -H aspects, --hash aspects 613 show destination hashes for other aspects for this Identity 614 -e path, --encrypt path 615 encrypt file 616 -d path, --decrypt path 617 decrypt file 618 -s path, --sign path sign file 619 -V path, --validate path 620 validate signature 621 -r path, --read path input file path 622 -w path, --write path 623 output file path 624 -f, --force write output even if it overwrites existing files 625 -R, --request request unknown Identities from the network 626 -t seconds identity request timeout before giving up 627 -p, --print-identity print identity info and exit 628 -P, --print-private allow displaying private keys 629 --version show program's version number and exit 630 </pre></div> 631 </div> 632 </section> 633 <section id="the-rnpath-utility"> 634 <h3>The rnpath Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnpath-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 635 <p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code> utility, you can look up and view paths for 636 destinations on the Reticulum network.</p> 637 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 638 <p>Resolve path to a destination:</p> 639 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnpath c89b4da064bf66d280f0e4d8abfd9806 640 641 Path found, destination <c89b4da064bf66d280f0e4d8abfd9806> is 4 hops away via <f53a1c4278e0726bb73fcc623d6ce763> on TCPInterface[Testnet/dublin.connect.reticulum.network:4965] 642 </pre></div> 643 </div> 644 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 645 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnpath [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-t] [-m hops] 646 [-r] [-d] [-D] [-x] [-w seconds] [-R hash] [-i path] 647 [-W seconds] [-j] [-v] [destination] 648 649 Reticulum Path Discovery Utility 650 651 positional arguments: 652 destination hexadecimal hash of the destination 653 654 options: 655 -h, --help show this help message and exit 656 --config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory 657 --version show program's version number and exit 658 -t, --table show all known paths 659 -m hops, --max hops maximum hops to filter path table by 660 -r, --rates show announce rate info 661 -d, --drop remove the path to a destination 662 -D, --drop-announces drop all queued announces 663 -x, --drop-via drop all paths via specified transport instance 664 -w seconds timeout before giving up 665 -R hash transport identity hash of remote instance to manage 666 -i path path to identity used for remote management 667 -W seconds timeout before giving up on remote queries 668 -j, --json output in JSON format 669 -v, --verbose 670 </pre></div> 671 </div> 672 </section> 673 <section id="the-rnprobe-utility"> 674 <h3>The rnprobe Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnprobe-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 675 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar 676 to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ping</span></code> program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the 677 specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many 678 destinations will not have this option enabled, so most destinations will not 679 be probable.</p> 680 <p>You can enable a probe-reply destination on Reticulum Transport Instances by 681 setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">respond_to_probes</span></code> configuration directive. Reticulum will then 682 print the probe destination to the log on Transport Instance startup.</p> 683 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 684 <p>Probe a destination:</p> 685 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnprobe rnstransport.probe 2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708 686 687 Sent 16 byte probe to <2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708> 688 Valid reply received from <2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708> 689 Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops 690 </pre></div> 691 </div> 692 <p>Send a larger probe:</p> 693 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnprobe rnstransport.probe 2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708 -s 256 694 695 Sent 16 byte probe to <2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708> 696 Valid reply received from <2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708> 697 Round-trip time is 38.781 milliseconds over 2 hops 698 </pre></div> 699 </div> 700 <p>If the interface that receives the probe replies supports reporting radio 701 parameters such as <strong>RSSI</strong> and <strong>SNR</strong>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility will print 702 these as part of the result as well.</p> 703 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnprobe rnstransport.probe e7536ee90bd4a440e130490b87a25124 704 705 Sent 16 byte probe to <e7536ee90bd4a440e130490b87a25124> 706 Valid reply received from <e7536ee90bd4a440e130490b87a25124> 707 Round-trip time is 1.809 seconds over 1 hop [RSSI -73 dBm] [SNR 12.0 dB] 708 </pre></div> 709 </div> 710 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 711 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnprobe [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-s SIZE] [-n PROBES] 712 [-t seconds] [-w seconds] [--version] [-v] 713 [full_name] [destination_hash] 714 715 Reticulum Probe Utility 716 717 positional arguments: 718 full_name full destination name in dotted notation 719 destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination 720 721 options: 722 -h, --help show this help message and exit 723 --config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory 724 -s SIZE, --size SIZE size of probe packet payload in bytes 725 -n PROBES, --probes PROBES 726 number of probes to send 727 -t seconds, --timeout seconds 728 timeout before giving up 729 -w seconds, --wait seconds 730 time between each probe 731 --version show program's version number and exit 732 -v, --verbose 733 </pre></div> 734 </div> 735 </section> 736 <section id="the-rncp-utility"> 737 <h3>The rncp Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rncp-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 738 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rncp</span></code> utility is a simple file transfer tool. Using it, you can transfer 739 files through Reticulum.</p> 740 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 741 <p>Run rncp on the receiving system, specifying which identities are allowed to send files:</p> 742 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp --listen -a 1726dbad538775b5bf9b0ea25a4079c8 -a c50cc4e4f7838b6c31f60ab9032cbc62 743 </pre></div> 744 </div> 745 <p>You can also specify allowed identity hashes (one per line) in the file ~/.rncp/allowed_identities 746 and simply running the program in listener mode:</p> 747 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp --listen 748 </pre></div> 749 </div> 750 <p>From another system, copy a file to the receiving system:</p> 751 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp ~/path/to/file.tgz 73cbd378bb0286ed11a707c13447bb1e 752 </pre></div> 753 </div> 754 <p>Or fetch a file from the remote system:</p> 755 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp --fetch ~/path/to/file.tgz 73cbd378bb0286ed11a707c13447bb1e 756 </pre></div> 757 </div> 758 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 759 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rncp [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-S] [-l] [-F] [-f] 760 [-j path] [-b seconds] [-a allowed_hash] [-n] [-p] 761 [-w seconds] [--version] [file] [destination] 762 763 Reticulum File Transfer Utility 764 765 positional arguments: 766 file file to be transferred 767 destination hexadecimal hash of the receiver 768 769 options: 770 -h, --help show this help message and exit 771 --config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory 772 -v, --verbose increase verbosity 773 -q, --quiet decrease verbosity 774 -S, --silent disable transfer progress output 775 -l, --listen listen for incoming transfer requests 776 -F, --allow-fetch allow authenticated clients to fetch files 777 -f, --fetch fetch file from remote listener instead of sending 778 -j path, --jail path restrict fetch requests to specified path 779 -b seconds announce interval, 0 to only announce at startup 780 -a allowed_hash allow this identity 781 -n, --no-auth accept requests from anyone 782 -p, --print-identity print identity and destination info and exit 783 -w seconds sender timeout before giving up 784 --version show program's version number and exit 785 </pre></div> 786 </div> 787 </section> 788 <section id="the-rnx-utility"> 789 <h3>The rnx Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnx-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 790 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnx</span></code> utility is a basic remote command execution program. It allows you to 791 execute commands on remote systems over Reticulum, and to view returned command 792 output. For a fully interactive remote shell solution, be sure to also take a look 793 at the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/acehoss/rnsh">rnsh</a> program.</p> 794 <p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p> 795 <p>Run rnx on the listening system, specifying which identities are allowed to execute commands:</p> 796 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx --listen -a 941bed5e228775e5a8079fc38b1ccf3f -a 1b03013c25f1c2ca068a4f080b844a10 797 </pre></div> 798 </div> 799 <p>From another system, run a command on the remote:</p> 800 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 "cat /proc/cpuinfo" 801 </pre></div> 802 </div> 803 <p>Or enter the interactive mode pseudo-shell:</p> 804 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 -x 805 </pre></div> 806 </div> 807 <p>The default identity file is stored in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum/identities/rnx</span></code>, but you can use 808 another one, which will be created if it does not already exist</p> 809 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 -i /path/to/identity -x 810 </pre></div> 811 </div> 812 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 813 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnx [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-p] [-l] [-i identity] [-x] [-b] [-n] [-N] 814 [-d] [-m] [-a allowed_hash] [-w seconds] [-W seconds] [--stdin STDIN] 815 [--stdout STDOUT] [--stderr STDERR] [--version] [destination] [command] 816 817 Reticulum Remote Execution Utility 818 819 positional arguments: 820 destination hexadecimal hash of the listener 821 command command to be execute 822 823 optional arguments: 824 -h, --help show this help message and exit 825 --config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory 826 -v, --verbose increase verbosity 827 -q, --quiet decrease verbosity 828 -p, --print-identity print identity and destination info and exit 829 -l, --listen listen for incoming commands 830 -i identity path to identity to use 831 -x, --interactive enter interactive mode 832 -b, --no-announce don't announce at program start 833 -a allowed_hash accept from this identity 834 -n, --noauth accept files from anyone 835 -N, --noid don't identify to listener 836 -d, --detailed show detailed result output 837 -m mirror exit code of remote command 838 -w seconds connect and request timeout before giving up 839 -W seconds max result download time 840 --stdin STDIN pass input to stdin 841 --stdout STDOUT max size in bytes of returned stdout 842 --stderr STDERR max size in bytes of returned stderr 843 --version show program's version number and exit 844 </pre></div> 845 </div> 846 </section> 847 <section id="the-rnodeconf-utility"> 848 <h3>The rnodeconf Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnodeconf-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 849 <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnodeconf</span></code> utility allows you to inspect and configure existing <a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode-main"><span class="std std-ref">RNodes</span></a>, and 850 to create and provision new <a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode-main"><span class="std std-ref">RNodes</span></a> from any supported hardware devices.</p> 851 <p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p> 852 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnodeconf [-h] [-i] [-a] [-u] [-U] [--fw-version version] 853 [--fw-url url] [--nocheck] [-e] [-E] [-C] 854 [--baud-flash baud_flash] [-N] [-T] [-b] [-B] [-p] [-D i] 855 [--display-addr byte] [--freq Hz] [--bw Hz] [--txp dBm] 856 [--sf factor] [--cr rate] [--eeprom-backup] [--eeprom-dump] 857 [--eeprom-wipe] [-P] [--trust-key hexbytes] [--version] [-f] 858 [-r] [-k] [-S] [-H FIRMWARE_HASH] [--platform platform] 859 [--product product] [--model model] [--hwrev revision] 860 [port] 861 862 RNode Configuration and firmware utility. This program allows you to change 863 various settings and startup modes of RNode. It can also install, flash and 864 update the firmware on supported devices. 865 866 positional arguments: 867 port serial port where RNode is attached 868 869 options: 870 -h, --help show this help message and exit 871 -i, --info Show device info 872 -a, --autoinstall Automatic installation on various supported devices 873 -u, --update Update firmware to the latest version 874 -U, --force-update Update to specified firmware even if version matches 875 or is older than installed version 876 --fw-version version Use a specific firmware version for update or 877 autoinstall 878 --fw-url url Use an alternate firmware download URL 879 --nocheck Don't check for firmware updates online 880 -e, --extract Extract firmware from connected RNode for later use 881 -E, --use-extracted Use the extracted firmware for autoinstallation or 882 update 883 -C, --clear-cache Clear locally cached firmware files 884 --baud-flash baud_flash 885 Set specific baud rate when flashing device. Default 886 is 921600 887 -N, --normal Switch device to normal mode 888 -T, --tnc Switch device to TNC mode 889 -b, --bluetooth-on Turn device bluetooth on 890 -B, --bluetooth-off Turn device bluetooth off 891 -p, --bluetooth-pair Put device into bluetooth pairing mode 892 -D i, --display i Set display intensity (0-255) 893 --display-addr byte Set display address as hex byte (00 - FF) 894 --freq Hz Frequency in Hz for TNC mode 895 --bw Hz Bandwidth in Hz for TNC mode 896 --txp dBm TX power in dBm for TNC mode 897 --sf factor Spreading factor for TNC mode (7 - 12) 898 --cr rate Coding rate for TNC mode (5 - 8) 899 --eeprom-backup Backup EEPROM to file 900 --eeprom-dump Dump EEPROM to console 901 --eeprom-wipe Unlock and wipe EEPROM 902 -P, --public Display public part of signing key 903 --trust-key hexbytes Public key to trust for device verification 904 --version Print program version and exit 905 -f, --flash Flash firmware and bootstrap EEPROM 906 -r, --rom Bootstrap EEPROM without flashing firmware 907 -k, --key Generate a new signing key and exit 908 -S, --sign Display public part of signing key 909 -H FIRMWARE_HASH, --firmware-hash FIRMWARE_HASH 910 Display installed firmware hash 911 --platform platform Platform specification for device bootstrap 912 --product product Product specification for device bootstrap 913 --model model Model code for device bootstrap 914 --hwrev revision Hardware revision for device bootstrap 915 </pre></div> 916 </div> 917 <p>For more information on how to create your own RNodes, please read the <a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode-creating"><span class="std std-ref">Creating RNodes</span></a> 918 section of this manual.</p> 919 </section> 920 </section> 921 <section id="remote-management"> 922 <h2>Remote Management<a class="headerlink" href="#remote-management" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> 923 <p>It is possible to allow remote management of Reticulum 924 systems using the various built-in utilities, such as 925 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code>. To do so, you will need to set 926 the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enable_remote_management</span></code> directive in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[reticulum]</span></code> 927 section of the configuration file. You will also need to specify 928 one or more Reticulum Identity hashes for authenticating the 929 queries from client programs. For this purpose, you can use 930 existing identity files, or generate new ones with the rnid utility.</p> 931 <p>The following is a truncated example of enabling remote management 932 in the Reticulum configuration file:</p> 933 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[reticulum] 934 ... 935 enable_remote_management = yes 936 remote_management_allowed = 9fb6d773498fb3feda407ed8ef2c3229, 2d882c5586e548d79b5af27bca1776dc 937 ... 938 </pre></div> 939 </div> 940 <p>For a complete example configuration, you can run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span> <span class="pre">--exampleconfig</span></code>.</p> 941 </section> 942 <section id="improving-system-configuration"> 943 <h2>Improving System Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#improving-system-configuration" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2> 944 <p>If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a 945 few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate. 946 These changes will be detailed here.</p> 947 <section id="fixed-serial-port-names"> 948 <h3>Fixed Serial Port Names<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-serial-port-names" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 949 <p>On a Reticulum instance with several serial port based interfaces, it can be 950 beneficial to use the fixed device names for the serial ports, instead 951 of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ttyUSB0</span></code>. Under most 952 Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes 953 can be found under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/serial/by-id</span></code>.</p> 954 <p>You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands. 955 Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:</p> 956 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]] 957 type = KISSInterface 958 interface_enabled = True 959 outgoing = true 960 port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0 961 speed = 115200 962 databits = 8 963 parity = none 964 stopbits = 1 965 preamble = 150 966 txtail = 10 967 persistence = 200 968 slottime = 20 969 </pre></div> 970 </div> 971 <p>Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices 972 might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when device name 973 assignment varies from one boot to another.</p> 974 </section> 975 <section id="reticulum-as-a-system-service"> 976 <span id="using-systemd"></span><h3>Reticulum as a System Service<a class="headerlink" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3> 977 <p>Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as a system 978 service and have it start automatically at boot.</p> 979 <section id="systemwide-service"> 980 <h4>Systemwide Service<a class="headerlink" href="#systemwide-service" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h4> 981 <p>If you installed Reticulum with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program will most likely 982 be located in a user-local installation path only, which means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">systemd</span></code> will not 983 be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program 984 into a directory that is in systemd’s path:</p> 985 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/ 986 </pre></div> 987 </div> 988 <p>You can then create the service file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service</span></code> with the 989 following content:</p> 990 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit] 991 Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon 992 After=multi-user.target 993 994 [Service] 995 # If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices, 996 # or other devices that need some extra 997 # time to initialise, you might want to 998 # add a short delay before Reticulum is 999 # started by systemd: 1000 # ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10 1001 Type=simple 1002 Restart=always 1003 RestartSec=3 1004 User=USERNAMEHERE 1005 ExecStart=rnsd --service 1006 1007 [Install] 1008 WantedBy=multi-user.target 1009 </pre></div> 1010 </div> 1011 <p>Be sure to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USERNAMEHERE</span></code> with the user you want to run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as.</p> 1012 <p>To manually start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> run:</p> 1013 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl start rnsd 1014 </pre></div> 1015 </div> 1016 <p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> at boot, run:</p> 1017 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl enable rnsd 1018 </pre></div> 1019 </div> 1020 </section> 1021 <section id="userspace-service"> 1022 <h4>Userspace Service<a class="headerlink" href="#userspace-service" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h4> 1023 <p>Alternatively you can use a user systemd service instead of a system wide one. This way the whole setup can be done as a regular user. 1024 Create a user systemd service files <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.config/systemd/user/rnsd.service</span></code> with the following content:</p> 1025 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit] 1026 Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon 1027 After=default.target 1028 1029 [Service] 1030 # If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices, 1031 # or other devices that need some extra 1032 # time to initialise, you might want to 1033 # add a short delay before Reticulum is 1034 # started by systemd: 1035 # ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10 1036 Type=simple 1037 Restart=always 1038 RestartSec=3 1039 ExecStart=RNS_BIN_DIR/rnsd --service 1040 1041 [Install] 1042 WantedBy=default.target 1043 </pre></div> 1044 </div> 1045 <p>Replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RNS_BIN_DIR</span></code> with the path to your Reticulum binary directory (eg. /home/USERNAMEHERE/rns/bin).</p> 1046 <p>Start user service:</p> 1047 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>systemctl --user daemon-reload 1048 systemctl --user start rnsd.service 1049 </pre></div> 1050 </div> 1051 <p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> without having to log in as the USERNAMEHERE, do:</p> 1052 <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo loginctl enable-linger USERNAMEHERE 1053 systemctl --user enable rnsd.service 1054 </pre></div> 1055 </div> 1056 </section> 1057 </section> 1058 </section> 1059 </section> 1060 1061 </article> 1062 </div> 1063 <footer> 1064 1065 <div class="related-pages"> 1066 <a class="next-page" href="understanding.html"> 1067 <div class="page-info"> 1068 <div class="context"> 1069 <span>Next</span> 1070 </div> 1071 <div class="title">Understanding Reticulum</div> 1072 </div> 1073 <svg 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</span> 1113 </div> 1114 <div class="toc-tree-container"> 1115 <div class="toc-tree"> 1116 <ul> 1117 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using Reticulum on Your System</a><ul> 1118 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-data">Configuration & Data</a></li> 1119 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#included-utility-programs">Included Utility Programs</a><ul> 1120 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnsd-utility">The rnsd Utility</a></li> 1121 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnstatus-utility">The rnstatus Utility</a></li> 1122 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnid-utility">The rnid Utility</a></li> 1123 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnpath-utility">The rnpath Utility</a></li> 1124 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnprobe-utility">The rnprobe Utility</a></li> 1125 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rncp-utility">The rncp Utility</a></li> 1126 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnx-utility">The rnx Utility</a></li> 1127 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnodeconf-utility">The rnodeconf Utility</a></li> 1128 </ul> 1129 </li> 1130 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#remote-management">Remote Management</a></li> 1131 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#improving-system-configuration">Improving System Configuration</a><ul> 1132 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixed-serial-port-names">Fixed Serial Port Names</a></li> 1133 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service">Reticulum as a System Service</a><ul> 1134 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#systemwide-service">Systemwide Service</a></li> 1135 <li><a class="reference internal" href="#userspace-service">Userspace Service</a></li> 1136 </ul> 1137 </li> 1138 </ul> 1139 </li> 1140 </ul> 1141 </li> 1142 </ul> 1143 1144 </div> 1145 </div> 1146 </div> 1147 1148 1149 </aside> 1150 </div> 1151 </div><script data-url_root="./" 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