/ external / sqlite / sqlite3.h
sqlite3.h
    1  /*
    2  ** 2001-09-15
    3  **
    4  ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
    5  ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
    6  **
    7  **    May you do good and not evil.
    8  **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
    9  **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
   10  **
   11  *************************************************************************
   12  ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
   13  ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
   14  ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
   15  ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
   16  ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
   17  **
   18  ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
   19  ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
   20  ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
   21  ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
   22  ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
   23  **
   24  ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
   25  ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
   26  ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
   27  **
   28  ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
   29  ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
   30  ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
   31  ** part of the build process.
   32  */
   33  #ifndef SQLITE3_H
   34  #define SQLITE3_H
   35  #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
   36  
   37  /*
   38  ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
   39  */
   40  #ifdef __cplusplus
   41  extern "C" {
   42  #endif
   43  
   44  
   45  /*
   46  ** Facilitate override of interface linkage and calling conventions.
   47  ** Be aware that these macros may not be used within this particular
   48  ** translation of the amalgamation and its associated header file.
   49  **
   50  ** The SQLITE_EXTERN and SQLITE_API macros are used to instruct the
   51  ** compiler that the target identifier should have external linkage.
   52  **
   53  ** The SQLITE_CDECL macro is used to set the calling convention for
   54  ** public functions that accept a variable number of arguments.
   55  **
   56  ** The SQLITE_APICALL macro is used to set the calling convention for
   57  ** public functions that accept a fixed number of arguments.
   58  **
   59  ** The SQLITE_STDCALL macro is no longer used and is now deprecated.
   60  **
   61  ** The SQLITE_CALLBACK macro is used to set the calling convention for
   62  ** function pointers.
   63  **
   64  ** The SQLITE_SYSAPI macro is used to set the calling convention for
   65  ** functions provided by the operating system.
   66  **
   67  ** Currently, the SQLITE_CDECL, SQLITE_APICALL, SQLITE_CALLBACK, and
   68  ** SQLITE_SYSAPI macros are used only when building for environments
   69  ** that require non-default calling conventions.
   70  */
   71  #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
   72  # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
   73  #endif
   74  #ifndef SQLITE_API
   75  # define SQLITE_API
   76  #endif
   77  #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
   78  # define SQLITE_CDECL
   79  #endif
   80  #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
   81  # define SQLITE_APICALL
   82  #endif
   83  #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
   84  # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
   85  #endif
   86  #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
   87  # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
   88  #endif
   89  #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
   90  # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
   91  #endif
   92  
   93  /*
   94  ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
   95  ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
   96  ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
   97  ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
   98  ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
   99  **
  100  ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
  101  ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
  102  ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
  103  ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
  104  ** noop macros.
  105  */
  106  #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
  107  #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
  108  
  109  /*
  110  ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
  111  */
  112  #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
  113  # undef SQLITE_VERSION
  114  #endif
  115  #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
  116  # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
  117  #endif
  118  
  119  /*
  120  ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
  121  **
  122  ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
  123  ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
  124  ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
  125  ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
  126  ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
  127  ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
  128  ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
  129  ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
  130  ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
  131  ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
  132  ** and Z will be reset to zero.
  133  **
  134  ** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
  135  ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
  136  ** <a href="http://fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
  137  ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
  138  ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
  139  ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
  140  ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
  141  ** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
  142  ** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
  143  ** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
  144  **
  145  ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
  146  ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
  147  ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
  148  */
  149  #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.51.1"
  150  #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3051001
  151  #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2025-11-28 17:28:25 281fc0e9afc38674b9b0991943b9e9d1e64c6cbdb133d35f6f5c87ff6af38a88"
  152  #define SQLITE_SCM_BRANCH     "branch-3.51"
  153  #define SQLITE_SCM_TAGS       "release version-3.51.1"
  154  #define SQLITE_SCM_DATETIME   "2025-11-28T17:28:25.933Z"
  155  
  156  /*
  157  ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
  158  ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
  159  **
  160  ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
  161  ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
  162  ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
  163  ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
  164  ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
  165  ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
  166  ** compiled with matching library and header files.
  167  **
  168  ** <blockquote><pre>
  169  ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
  170  ** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
  171  ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
  172  ** </pre></blockquote>)^
  173  **
  174  ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of the
  175  ** [SQLITE_VERSION] macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a
  176  ** pointer to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
  177  ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
  178  ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
  179  ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
  180  ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
  181  ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
  182  ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
  183  ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
  184  ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
  185  **
  186  ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
  187  */
  188  SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
  189  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
  190  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
  191  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
  192  
  193  /*
  194  ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
  195  **
  196  ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
  197  ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
  198  ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
  199  ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
  200  **
  201  ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
  202  ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
  203  ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
  204  ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
  205  ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
  206  ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
  207  **
  208  ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
  209  ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
  210  ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
  211  **
  212  ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
  213  ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
  214  */
  215  #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
  216  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
  217  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
  218  #else
  219  # define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
  220  # define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
  221  #endif
  222  
  223  /*
  224  ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
  225  **
  226  ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
  227  ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
  228  ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
  229  **
  230  ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
  231  ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
  232  ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
  233  ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
  234  ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
  235  ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
  236  **
  237  ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
  238  ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
  239  ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
  240  ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
  241  **
  242  ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
  243  ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
  244  ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
  245  **
  246  ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
  247  ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
  248  ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
  249  ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
  250  ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
  251  ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
  252  ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
  253  ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
  254  ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
  255  ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
  256  **
  257  ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
  258  */
  259  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
  260  
  261  /*
  262  ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
  263  ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
  264  **
  265  ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
  266  ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
  267  ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
  268  ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
  269  ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
  270  ** interfaces (such as
  271  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
  272  ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
  273  ** sqlite3 object.
  274  */
  275  typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
  276  
  277  /*
  278  ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
  279  ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
  280  **
  281  ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
  282  ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
  283  **
  284  ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
  285  ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
  286  ** compatibility only.
  287  **
  288  ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
  289  ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
  290  ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
  291  ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
  292  */
  293  #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
  294    typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
  295  # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
  296      typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
  297  # else
  298      typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
  299  # endif
  300  #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  301    typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
  302    typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
  303  #else
  304    typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
  305    typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
  306  #endif
  307  typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
  308  typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
  309  
  310  /*
  311  ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
  312  ** substitute integer for floating-point.
  313  */
  314  #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  315  # define double sqlite3_int64
  316  #endif
  317  
  318  /*
  319  ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
  320  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
  321  **
  322  ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
  323  ** for the [sqlite3] object.
  324  ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
  325  ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
  326  ** resources are deallocated.
  327  **
  328  ** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
  329  ** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
  330  ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
  331  ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
  332  ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
  333  ** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
  334  ** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
  335  ** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
  336  ** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
  337  ** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
  338  ** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
  339  ** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
  340  ** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
  341  ** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
  342  ** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
  343  ** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
  344  **
  345  ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
  346  ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
  347  **
  348  ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
  349  ** must be either a NULL
  350  ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
  351  ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
  352  ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
  353  ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
  354  ** argument is a harmless no-op.
  355  */
  356  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
  357  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
  358  
  359  /*
  360  ** The type for a callback function.
  361  ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
  362  ** compatibility and is not documented.
  363  */
  364  typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
  365  
  366  /*
  367  ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
  368  ** METHOD: sqlite3
  369  **
  370  ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
  371  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
  372  ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
  373  ** without having to use a lot of C code.
  374  **
  375  ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
  376  ** semicolon-separated SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
  377  ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
  378  ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
  379  ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
  380  ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
  381  ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
  382  ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
  383  ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
  384  ** ignored.
  385  **
  386  ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
  387  ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
  388  ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
  389  ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
  390  ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
  391  ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
  392  ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
  393  ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
  394  ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
  395  ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
  396  ** NULL before returning.
  397  **
  398  ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
  399  ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
  400  ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
  401  **
  402  ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
  403  ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
  404  ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
  405  ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
  406  ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
  407  ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
  408  ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
  409  ** entry represents the name of a corresponding result column as obtained
  410  ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
  411  **
  412  ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
  413  ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
  414  ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
  415  ** is not changed.
  416  **
  417  ** Restrictions:
  418  **
  419  ** <ul>
  420  ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
  421  **      is a valid and open [database connection].
  422  ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
  423  **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
  424  ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
  425  **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
  426  ** <li> The application must not dereference the arrays or string pointers
  427  **       passed as the 3rd and 4th callback parameters after it returns.
  428  ** </ul>
  429  */
  430  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
  431    sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
  432    const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
  433    int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
  434    void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
  435    char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
  436  );
  437  
  438  /*
  439  ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
  440  ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
  441  **
  442  ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
  443  ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
  444  **
  445  ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
  446  **
  447  ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
  448  */
  449  #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
  450  /* beginning-of-error-codes */
  451  #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
  452  #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
  453  #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
  454  #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
  455  #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
  456  #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
  457  #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
  458  #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
  459  #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
  460  #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
  461  #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
  462  #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
  463  #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
  464  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
  465  #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
  466  #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
  467  #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
  468  #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
  469  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
  470  #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
  471  #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
  472  #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
  473  #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
  474  #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
  475  #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
  476  #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
  477  #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
  478  #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
  479  #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
  480  #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
  481  /* end-of-error-codes */
  482  
  483  /*
  484  ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
  485  ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
  486  **
  487  ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
  488  ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
  489  ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
  490  ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
  491  ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
  492  ** and later) include
  493  ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
  494  ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
  495  ** on a per database connection basis using the
  496  ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
  497  ** the most recent error can be obtained using
  498  ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
  499  */
  500  #define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
  501  #define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
  502  #define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
  503  #define SQLITE_ERROR_RESERVESIZE       (SQLITE_ERROR | (4<<8))
  504  #define SQLITE_ERROR_KEY               (SQLITE_ERROR | (5<<8))
  505  #define SQLITE_ERROR_UNABLE            (SQLITE_ERROR | (6<<8))
  506  #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
  507  #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
  508  #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
  509  #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
  510  #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
  511  #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
  512  #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
  513  #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
  514  #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
  515  #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
  516  #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
  517  #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
  518  #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
  519  #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
  520  #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
  521  #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
  522  #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
  523  #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
  524  #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
  525  #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
  526  #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
  527  #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
  528  #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
  529  #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
  530  #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
  531  #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
  532  #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
  533  #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
  534  #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
  535  #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
  536  #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
  537  #define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
  538  #define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
  539  #define SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (34<<8))
  540  #define SQLITE_IOERR_BADKEY            (SQLITE_IOERR | (35<<8))
  541  #define SQLITE_IOERR_CODEC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (36<<8))
  542  #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
  543  #define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
  544  #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
  545  #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
  546  #define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
  547  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
  548  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
  549  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
  550  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
  551  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
  552  #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
  553  #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
  554  #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
  555  #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
  556  #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
  557  #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
  558  #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
  559  #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
  560  #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
  561  #define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
  562  #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
  563  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
  564  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
  565  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
  566  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
  567  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
  568  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
  569  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
  570  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
  571  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
  572  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
  573  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
  574  #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
  575  #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
  576  #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
  577  #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RBU              (SQLITE_NOTICE | (3<<8))
  578  #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
  579  #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
  580  #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
  581  #define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */
  582  
  583  /*
  584  ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
  585  **
  586  ** These bit values are intended for use in the
  587  ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
  588  ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
  589  **
  590  ** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
  591  ** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
  592  ** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
  593  ** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
  594  ** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
  595  ** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
  596  **
  597  ** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
  598  ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
  599  ** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
  600  ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically been a no-op and might become an
  601  ** error in future versions of SQLite.
  602  */
  603  #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  604  #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  605  #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  606  #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
  607  #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
  608  #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
  609  #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  610  #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  611  #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
  612  #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
  613  #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
  614  #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
  615  #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
  616  #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
  617  #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
  618  #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  619  #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  620  #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  621  #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  622  #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
  623  #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
  624  #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE        0x02000000  /* Extended result codes */
  625  
  626  /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
  627  /* Legacy compatibility: */
  628  #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
  629  
  630  
  631  /*
  632  ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
  633  **
  634  ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
  635  ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
  636  ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
  637  ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
  638  ** refers to.
  639  **
  640  ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
  641  ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
  642  ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
  643  ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
  644  ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
  645  ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
  646  ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
  647  ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
  648  ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
  649  ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
  650  ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
  651  ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
  652  ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
  653  ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
  654  ** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
  655  ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
  656  ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
  657  ** elevated privileges.
  658  **
  659  ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
  660  ** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
  661  ** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
  662  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
  663  **
  664  ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ property means that it is ok to read
  665  ** from the database file in amounts that are not a multiple of the
  666  ** page size and that do not begin at a page boundary.  Without this
  667  ** property, SQLite is careful to only do full-page reads and write
  668  ** on aligned pages, with the one exception that it will do a sub-page
  669  ** read of the first page to access the database header.
  670  */
  671  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
  672  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
  673  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
  674  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
  675  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
  676  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
  677  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
  678  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
  679  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
  680  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
  681  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
  682  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
  683  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
  684  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
  685  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
  686  #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ           0x00008000
  687  
  688  /*
  689  ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
  690  **
  691  ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
  692  ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
  693  ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
  694  ** least restrictive to most restrictive.
  695  **
  696  ** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
  697  ** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
  698  */
  699  #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
  700  #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
  701  #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */
  702  #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3       /* xLock() only */
  703  #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4       /* xLock() only */
  704  
  705  /*
  706  ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
  707  **
  708  ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
  709  ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
  710  ** these integer values as the second argument.
  711  **
  712  ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
  713  ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
  714  ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
  715  ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
  716  ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
  717  ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
  718  **
  719  ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
  720  ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
  721  ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
  722  ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
  723  ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
  724  ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
  725  ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
  726  ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
  727  ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
  728  ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
  729  ** cares about the difference.)
  730  */
  731  #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
  732  #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
  733  #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
  734  
  735  /*
  736  ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
  737  **
  738  ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
  739  ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
  740  ** implementations will
  741  ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
  742  ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
  743  ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
  744  ** I/O operations on the open file.
  745  */
  746  typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
  747  struct sqlite3_file {
  748    const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
  749  };
  750  
  751  /*
  752  ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
  753  **
  754  ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
  755  ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
  756  ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
  757  ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
  758  ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
  759  **
  760  ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
  761  ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
  762  ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
  763  ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
  764  ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
  765  ** to NULL.
  766  **
  767  ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
  768  ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
  769  ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
  770  ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
  771  ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
  772  **
  773  ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
  774  ** <ul>
  775  ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
  776  ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
  777  ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
  778  ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
  779  ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
  780  ** </ul>
  781  ** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
  782  ** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
  783  ** xLock() is always one of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
  784  ** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
  785  ** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
  786  ** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
  787  ** If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
  788  ** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
  789  ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
  790  ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
  791  ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns, via its output
  792  ** pointer parameter, true if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
  793  **
  794  ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
  795  ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
  796  ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
  797  ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
  798  ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
  799  ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
  800  ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
  801  ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
  802  ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
  803  ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
  804  ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
  805  ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
  806  ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
  807  ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
  808  ** recognize.
  809  **
  810  ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
  811  ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
  812  ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
  813  ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
  814  ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
  815  ** underlying device:
  816  **
  817  ** <ul>
  818  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
  819  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
  820  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
  821  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
  822  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
  823  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
  824  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
  825  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
  826  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
  827  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
  828  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
  829  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
  830  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
  831  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
  832  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
  833  ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ]
  834  ** </ul>
  835  **
  836  ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
  837  ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
  838  ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
  839  ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
  840  ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
  841  ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
  842  ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
  843  ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
  844  ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
  845  ** to xWrite().
  846  **
  847  ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
  848  ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
  849  ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
  850  ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
  851  ** database corruption.
  852  */
  853  typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
  854  struct sqlite3_io_methods {
  855    int iVersion;
  856    int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
  857    int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
  858    int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
  859    int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
  860    int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
  861    int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
  862    int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
  863    int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
  864    int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
  865    int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
  866    int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
  867    int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
  868    /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
  869    int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
  870    int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
  871    void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
  872    int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
  873    /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
  874    int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
  875    int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
  876    /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
  877    /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
  878  };
  879  
  880  /*
  881  ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
  882  ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
  883  **
  884  ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
  885  ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
  886  ** interface.
  887  **
  888  ** <ul>
  889  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
  890  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
  891  ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
  892  ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
  893  ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
  894  ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to.
  895  ** This capability is only available if SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG].
  896  **
  897  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
  898  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
  899  ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
  900  ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
  901  ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
  902  ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
  903  ** file run faster.
  904  **
  905  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
  906  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
  907  ** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
  908  ** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
  909  ** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
  910  ** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
  911  ** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
  912  ** pointed to is set to the new limit.
  913  **
  914  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
  915  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
  916  ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
  917  ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
  918  ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
  919  ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
  920  ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
  921  ** improve performance on some systems.
  922  **
  923  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
  924  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
  925  ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
  926  ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
  927  **
  928  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
  929  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
  930  ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
  931  ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
  932  ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
  933  **
  934  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
  935  ** The SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED file-control is no longer used.
  936  **
  937  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
  938  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
  939  ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
  940  ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
  941  ** because the user has configured SQLite with
  942  ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
  943  ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
  944  ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
  945  ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
  946  ** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
  947  ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
  948  ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
  949  ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
  950  **
  951  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
  952  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
  953  ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
  954  ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
  955  ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
  956  ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
  957  ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
  958  **
  959  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
  960  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
  961  ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
  962  ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
  963  ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
  964  ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
  965  ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
  966  ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
  967  ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
  968  ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
  969  ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
  970  ** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
  971  ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
  972  ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
  973  ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
  974  ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
  975  **
  976  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
  977  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
  978  ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
  979  ** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
  980  ** files used for transaction control
  981  ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
  982  ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
  983  ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
  984  ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
  985  ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
  986  ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
  987  ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
  988  ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
  989  ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
  990  ** WAL persistence setting.
  991  **
  992  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
  993  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
  994  ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
  995  ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
  996  ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
  997  ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
  998  ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
  999  ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
 1000  ** zero-damage mode setting.
 1001  **
 1002  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
 1003  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
 1004  ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
 1005  ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
 1006  ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
 1007  **
 1008  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
 1009  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
 1010  ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names of all VFS shims and the
 1011  ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
 1012  ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
 1013  ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
 1014  ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
 1015  ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
 1016  ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
 1017  ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
 1018  ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
 1019  **
 1020  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
 1021  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
 1022  ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
 1023  ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
 1024  ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcode will set *X
 1025  ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
 1026  ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
 1027  ** upper-most shim only.
 1028  **
 1029  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
 1030  ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 1031  ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
 1032  ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
 1033  ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
 1034  ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
 1035  ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
 1036  ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
 1037  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
 1038  ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
 1039  ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
 1040  ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
 1041  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
 1042  ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 1043  ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
 1044  ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
 1045  ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
 1046  ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
 1047  ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
 1048  ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
 1049  ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
 1050  ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 1051  ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
 1052  ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
 1053  **
 1054  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
 1055  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
 1056  ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
 1057  ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
 1058  ** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
 1059  ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
 1060  ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
 1061  ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
 1062  ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
 1063  ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
 1064  ** current operation.
 1065  **
 1066  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
 1067  ** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
 1068  ** to have SQLite generate a
 1069  ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
 1070  ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
 1071  ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
 1072  ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
 1073  ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
 1074  **
 1075  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
 1076  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
 1077  ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
 1078  ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
 1079  ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
 1080  ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
 1081  ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
 1082  ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
 1083  ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
 1084  **
 1085  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
 1086  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
 1087  ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
 1088  ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
 1089  ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
 1090  ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
 1091  ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
 1092  **
 1093  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
 1094  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
 1095  ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
 1096  ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
 1097  ** was first opened.
 1098  **
 1099  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
 1100  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
 1101  ** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
 1102  ** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
 1103  ** writes the resulting value there.
 1104  **
 1105  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
 1106  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
 1107  ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
 1108  ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
 1109  ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
 1110  **
 1111  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO]]
 1112  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO] opcode sets the low-level file descriptor
 1113  ** or file handle for the [sqlite3_file] object such that it will no longer
 1114  ** read or write to the database file.
 1115  **
 1116  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
 1117  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
 1118  ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
 1119  ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
 1120  ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
 1121  ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
 1122  **
 1123  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
 1124  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
 1125  ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
 1126  **
 1127  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
 1128  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
 1129  ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
 1130  ** this opcode.
 1131  **
 1132  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 1133  ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
 1134  ** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
 1135  ** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
 1136  ** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
 1137  ** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
 1138  ** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
 1139  ** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
 1140  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
 1141  ** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
 1142  ** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
 1143  ** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
 1144  **
 1145  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 1146  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
 1147  ** operations since the previous successful call to
 1148  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
 1149  ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
 1150  ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
 1151  ** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
 1152  ** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
 1153  ** write operations are independent.
 1154  ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
 1155  ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
 1156  **
 1157  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
 1158  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
 1159  ** operations since the previous successful call to
 1160  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
 1161  ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
 1162  ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
 1163  ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
 1164  ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
 1165  **
 1166  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
 1167  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
 1168  ** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
 1169  ** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
 1170  ** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
 1171  ** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
 1172  ** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
 1173  **
 1174  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT]]
 1175  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT] opcode is used to configure the
 1176  ** VFS to block when taking a SHARED lock to connect to a wal mode database.
 1177  ** This is used to implement the functionality associated with
 1178  ** SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT.
 1179  **
 1180  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
 1181  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
 1182  ** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
 1183  ** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
 1184  ** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
 1185  ** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
 1186  ** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
 1187  ** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
 1188  ** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
 1189  ** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
 1190  ** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
 1191  ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
 1192  ** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
 1193  ** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
 1194  ** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
 1195  ** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
 1196  ** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
 1197  ** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
 1198  ** a particular attached database.
 1199  **
 1200  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
 1201  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
 1202  ** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
 1203  ** file to the database file.
 1204  **
 1205  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
 1206  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
 1207  ** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
 1208  ** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
 1209  ** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
 1210  **
 1211  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
 1212  ** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
 1213  ** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
 1214  ** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix. The
 1215  ** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
 1216  ** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
 1217  ** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
 1218  ** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
 1219  ** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
 1220  ** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
 1221  ** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
 1222  **
 1223  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
 1224  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE] opcode is for use internally by the
 1225  ** [checksum VFS shim] only.
 1226  **
 1227  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE]]
 1228  ** If there is currently no transaction open on the database, and the
 1229  ** database is not a temp db, then the [SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE] file-control
 1230  ** purges the contents of the in-memory page cache. If there is an open
 1231  ** transaction, or if the db is a temp-db, this opcode is a no-op, not an error.
 1232  **
 1233  ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILESTAT]]
 1234  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILESTAT] opcode returns low-level diagnostic information
 1235  ** about the [sqlite3_file] objects used access the database and journal files
 1236  ** for the given schema.  The fourth parameter to [sqlite3_file_control()]
 1237  ** should be an initialized [sqlite3_str] pointer.  JSON text describing
 1238  ** various aspects of the sqlite3_file object is appended to the sqlite3_str.
 1239  ** The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILESTAT opcode is usually a no-op, unless compile-time
 1240  ** options are used to enable it.
 1241  ** </ul>
 1242  */
 1243  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
 1244  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
 1245  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
 1246  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
 1247  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
 1248  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
 1249  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
 1250  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
 1251  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
 1252  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
 1253  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
 1254  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
 1255  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
 1256  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
 1257  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
 1258  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
 1259  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
 1260  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
 1261  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
 1262  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
 1263  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
 1264  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
 1265  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
 1266  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
 1267  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
 1268  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
 1269  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
 1270  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
 1271  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
 1272  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
 1273  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
 1274  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
 1275  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
 1276  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
 1277  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
 1278  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
 1279  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
 1280  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
 1281  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
 1282  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
 1283  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42
 1284  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO                43
 1285  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT       44
 1286  #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILESTAT               45
 1287  
 1288  /* deprecated names */
 1289  #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
 1290  #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
 1291  #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
 1292  
 1293  
 1294  /*
 1295  ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
 1296  **
 1297  ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
 1298  ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
 1299  ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
 1300  ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
 1301  **
 1302  ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
 1303  */
 1304  typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
 1305  
 1306  /*
 1307  ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
 1308  **
 1309  ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
 1310  ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
 1311  ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
 1312  ** on some platforms.
 1313  */
 1314  typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
 1315  
 1316  /*
 1317  ** CAPI3REF: File Name
 1318  **
 1319  ** Type [sqlite3_filename] is used by SQLite to pass filenames to the
 1320  ** xOpen method of a [VFS]. It may be cast to (const char*) and treated
 1321  ** as a normal, nul-terminated, UTF-8 buffer containing the filename, but
 1322  ** may also be passed to special APIs such as:
 1323  **
 1324  ** <ul>
 1325  ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_database()
 1326  ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_journal()
 1327  ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_wal()
 1328  ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_parameter()
 1329  ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_boolean()
 1330  ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_int64()
 1331  ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_key()
 1332  ** </ul>
 1333  */
 1334  typedef const char *sqlite3_filename;
 1335  
 1336  /*
 1337  ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
 1338  **
 1339  ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
 1340  ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
 1341  ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
 1342  ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
 1343  **
 1344  ** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
 1345  ** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
 1346  ** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
 1347  ** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
 1348  ** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
 1349  ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
 1350  ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
 1351  ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
 1352  ** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
 1353  ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
 1354  ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
 1355  ** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
 1356  **
 1357  ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 1358  ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
 1359  ** a pathname in this VFS.
 1360  **
 1361  ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
 1362  ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
 1363  ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
 1364  ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
 1365  ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
 1366  ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
 1367  **
 1368  ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
 1369  ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
 1370  ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
 1371  ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
 1372  ** object once the object has been registered.
 1373  **
 1374  ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
 1375  ** be unique across all VFS modules.
 1376  **
 1377  ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
 1378  ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
 1379  ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
 1380  ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
 1381  ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
 1382  ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
 1383  ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
 1384  ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
 1385  ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
 1386  ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
 1387  ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
 1388  ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
 1389  ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
 1390  ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
 1391  ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
 1392  ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
 1393  **
 1394  ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
 1395  ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
 1396  ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
 1397  ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
 1398  ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
 1399  ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
 1400  **
 1401  ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
 1402  ** call, depending on the object being opened:
 1403  **
 1404  ** <ul>
 1405  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
 1406  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
 1407  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
 1408  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
 1409  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
 1410  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
 1411  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
 1412  ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
 1413  ** </ul>)^
 1414  **
 1415  ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
 1416  ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
 1417  ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
 1418  ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
 1419  ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
 1420  ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
 1421  ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
 1422  ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
 1423  **
 1424  ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
 1425  **
 1426  ** <ul>
 1427  ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 1428  ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
 1429  ** </ul>
 1430  **
 1431  ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
 1432  ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
 1433  ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
 1434  ** databases, and subjournals.
 1435  **
 1436  ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
 1437  ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
 1438  ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
 1439  ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
 1440  ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
 1441  ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
 1442  ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
 1443  ** for exclusive access.
 1444  **
 1445  ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
 1446  ** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
 1447  ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
 1448  ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
 1449  ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
 1450  ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
 1451  ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
 1452  ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
 1453  ** or failure of the xOpen call.
 1454  **
 1455  ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
 1456  ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
 1457  ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
 1458  ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
 1459  ** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
 1460  ** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
 1461  ** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
 1462  ** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
 1463  ** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
 1464  ** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
 1465  ** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
 1466  ** whether or not the file is accessible.
 1467  **
 1468  ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
 1469  ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
 1470  ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
 1471  ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
 1472  ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
 1473  ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
 1474  **
 1475  ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
 1476  ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
 1477  ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
 1478  ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
 1479  ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
 1480  ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
 1481  ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
 1482  ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
 1483  ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
 1484  ** a floating point value.
 1485  ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
 1486  ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
 1487  ** a 24-hour day).
 1488  ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
 1489  ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
 1490  ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
 1491  ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
 1492  **
 1493  ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
 1494  ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
 1495  ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
 1496  ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
 1497  ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
 1498  ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
 1499  ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
 1500  ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
 1501  ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
 1502  ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
 1503  ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
 1504  */
 1505  typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
 1506  typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
 1507  struct sqlite3_vfs {
 1508    int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
 1509    int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
 1510    int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
 1511    sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
 1512    const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
 1513    void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
 1514    int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_filename zName, sqlite3_file*,
 1515                 int flags, int *pOutFlags);
 1516    int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
 1517    int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
 1518    int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
 1519    void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
 1520    void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
 1521    void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
 1522    void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
 1523    int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
 1524    int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
 1525    int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
 1526    int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
 1527    /*
 1528    ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
 1529    ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
 1530    */
 1531    int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
 1532    /*
 1533    ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
 1534    ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
 1535    */
 1536    int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
 1537    sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
 1538    const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
 1539    /*
 1540    ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
 1541    ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
 1542    ** value will increment whenever this happens.
 1543    */
 1544  };
 1545  
 1546  /*
 1547  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
 1548  **
 1549  ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
 1550  ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
 1551  ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
 1552  ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
 1553  ** simply checks whether the file exists.
 1554  ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
 1555  ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
 1556  ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
 1557  ** the directory).
 1558  ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
 1559  ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
 1560  ** release of SQLite.
 1561  ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
 1562  ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
 1563  ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
 1564  ** SQLite.
 1565  */
 1566  #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
 1567  #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
 1568  #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
 1569  
 1570  /*
 1571  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
 1572  **
 1573  ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
 1574  ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
 1575  ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
 1576  ** xShmLock method:
 1577  **
 1578  ** <ul>
 1579  ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
 1580  ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
 1581  ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
 1582  ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
 1583  ** </ul>
 1584  **
 1585  ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
 1586  ** was given on the corresponding lock.
 1587  **
 1588  ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
 1589  ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
 1590  ** and EXCLUSIVE.
 1591  */
 1592  #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
 1593  #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
 1594  #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
 1595  #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
 1596  
 1597  /*
 1598  ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
 1599  **
 1600  ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
 1601  ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
 1602  ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
 1603  ** lock outside of this range
 1604  */
 1605  #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
 1606  
 1607  
 1608  /*
 1609  ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
 1610  **
 1611  ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
 1612  ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
 1613  ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
 1614  ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
 1615  ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
 1616  ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
 1617  **
 1618  ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
 1619  ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
 1620  ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
 1621  ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
 1622  ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
 1623  ** are harmless no-ops.)^
 1624  **
 1625  ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
 1626  ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
 1627  ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
 1628  ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
 1629  **
 1630  ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
 1631  ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
 1632  ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
 1633  ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
 1634  ** sqlite3_shutdown().
 1635  **
 1636  ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
 1637  ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
 1638  ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
 1639  **
 1640  ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
 1641  ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
 1642  ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
 1643  ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
 1644  **
 1645  ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
 1646  ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
 1647  ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
 1648  ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
 1649  ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not been initialized
 1650  ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
 1651  ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
 1652  ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
 1653  ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
 1654  ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
 1655  ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
 1656  ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
 1657  ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
 1658  ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
 1659  **
 1660  ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
 1661  ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
 1662  ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
 1663  ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
 1664  ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
 1665  ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
 1666  ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
 1667  **
 1668  ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
 1669  ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
 1670  ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
 1671  ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
 1672  ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
 1673  ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
 1674  ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
 1675  ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
 1676  ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
 1677  ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
 1678  ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
 1679  ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
 1680  ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
 1681  ** failure.
 1682  */
 1683  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
 1684  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
 1685  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
 1686  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
 1687  
 1688  /*
 1689  ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
 1690  **
 1691  ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
 1692  ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
 1693  ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
 1694  ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
 1695  ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
 1696  **
 1697  ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
 1698  ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
 1699  ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
 1700  **
 1701  ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
 1702  ** [configuration option] that determines
 1703  ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
 1704  ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
 1705  ** in the first argument.
 1706  **
 1707  ** For most configuration options, the sqlite3_config() interface
 1708  ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
 1709  ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
 1710  ** The exceptional configuration options that may be invoked at any time
 1711  ** are called "anytime configuration options".
 1712  ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
 1713  ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] with a first argument that is not an anytime
 1714  ** configuration option, then the sqlite3_config() call will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
 1715  ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
 1716  ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
 1717  **
 1718  ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
 1719  ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
 1720  ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
 1721  */
 1722  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
 1723  
 1724  /*
 1725  ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
 1726  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 1727  **
 1728  ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
 1729  ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
 1730  ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
 1731  ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
 1732  **
 1733  ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
 1734  ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
 1735  ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
 1736  ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
 1737  **
 1738  ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
 1739  ** the call is considered successful.
 1740  */
 1741  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
 1742  
 1743  /*
 1744  ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
 1745  **
 1746  ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
 1747  ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
 1748  **
 1749  ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
 1750  ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
 1751  ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
 1752  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
 1753  ** By creating an instance of this object
 1754  ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
 1755  ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
 1756  ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
 1757  ** dynamic memory needs.
 1758  **
 1759  ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
 1760  ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
 1761  ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
 1762  ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
 1763  ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
 1764  ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
 1765  ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
 1766  ** conditions.
 1767  **
 1768  ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
 1769  ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
 1770  ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
 1771  ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
 1772  **
 1773  ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
 1774  ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
 1775  ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
 1776  **
 1777  ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
 1778  ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
 1779  ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
 1780  ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
 1781  ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
 1782  ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
 1783  ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
 1784  **
 1785  ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
 1786  ** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
 1787  ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
 1788  ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
 1789  ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
 1790  ** xInit and xShutdown.
 1791  **
 1792  ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
 1793  ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
 1794  ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
 1795  ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
 1796  ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
 1797  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
 1798  ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
 1799  ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
 1800  ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
 1801  ** serialization.
 1802  **
 1803  ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
 1804  ** call to xShutdown().
 1805  */
 1806  typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
 1807  struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 1808    void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
 1809    void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
 1810    void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
 1811    int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
 1812    int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
 1813    int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
 1814    void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
 1815    void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
 1816  };
 1817  
 1818  /*
 1819  ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
 1820  ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
 1821  **
 1822  ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
 1823  ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
 1824  **
 1825  ** Most of the configuration options for sqlite3_config()
 1826  ** will only work if invoked prior to [sqlite3_initialize()] or after
 1827  ** [sqlite3_shutdown()].  The few exceptions to this rule are called
 1828  ** "anytime configuration options".
 1829  ** ^Calling [sqlite3_config()] with a first argument that is not an
 1830  ** anytime configuration option in between calls to [sqlite3_initialize()] and
 1831  ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] is a no-op that returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
 1832  **
 1833  ** The set of anytime configuration options can change (by insertions
 1834  ** and/or deletions) from one release of SQLite to the next.
 1835  ** As of SQLite version 3.42.0, the complete set of anytime configuration
 1836  ** options is:
 1837  ** <ul>
 1838  ** <li> SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG
 1839  ** <li> SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
 1840  ** </ul>
 1841  **
 1842  ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
 1843  ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
 1844  ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
 1845  ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
 1846  ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
 1847  ** is invoked.
 1848  **
 1849  ** <dl>
 1850  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
 1851  ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
 1852  ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
 1853  ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
 1854  ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1855  ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1856  ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
 1857  ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
 1858  ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
 1859  ** configuration option.</dd>
 1860  **
 1861  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
 1862  ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
 1863  ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
 1864  ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
 1865  ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
 1866  ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
 1867  ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
 1868  ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
 1869  ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1870  ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1871  ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
 1872  ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
 1873  ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
 1874  **
 1875  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
 1876  ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
 1877  ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
 1878  ** all mutexes including the recursive
 1879  ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
 1880  ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
 1881  ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
 1882  ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
 1883  ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
 1884  ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
 1885  ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1886  ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1887  ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
 1888  ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
 1889  ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
 1890  **
 1891  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
 1892  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
 1893  ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
 1894  ** The argument specifies
 1895  ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
 1896  ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
 1897  ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
 1898  ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
 1899  **
 1900  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
 1901  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
 1902  ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
 1903  ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
 1904  ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
 1905  ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
 1906  ** routines with a wrapper that simulates memory allocation failure or
 1907  ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
 1908  **
 1909  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
 1910  ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes a single argument of
 1911  ** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
 1912  ** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
 1913  ** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
 1914  ** but some applications might prefer to run slower in exchange for
 1915  ** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
 1916  ** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
 1917  ** </dd>
 1918  **
 1919  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
 1920  ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes a single argument of type int,
 1921  ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
 1922  ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
 1923  ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
 1924  **   <ul>
 1925  **   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
 1926  **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
 1927  **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
 1928  **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
 1929  **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
 1930  **   </ul>)^
 1931  ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
 1932  ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
 1933  ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
 1934  ** </dd>
 1935  **
 1936  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
 1937  ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
 1938  ** </dd>
 1939  **
 1940  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
 1941  ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
 1942  ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
 1943  ** cache implementation.
 1944  ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
 1945  ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
 1946  ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
 1947  ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
 1948  ** and the number of cache lines (N).
 1949  ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
 1950  ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
 1951  ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
 1952  ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
 1953  ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
 1954  ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
 1955  ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
 1956  ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
 1957  ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
 1958  ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
 1959  ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
 1960  ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
 1961  ** is exhausted.
 1962  ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
 1963  ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
 1964  ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
 1965  ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative. ^If additional
 1966  ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
 1967  ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
 1968  ** additional cache line. </dd>
 1969  **
 1970  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
 1971  ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
 1972  ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
 1973  ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 1974  ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
 1975  ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
 1976  ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
 1977  ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
 1978  ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
 1979  ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
 1980  ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
 1981  ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
 1982  ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
 1983  ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
 1984  ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
 1985  ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
 1986  ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
 1987  ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
 1988  ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
 1989  **
 1990  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
 1991  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
 1992  ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
 1993  ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
 1994  ** in place of the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
 1995  ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
 1996  ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
 1997  ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 1998  ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
 1999  ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
 2000  ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
 2001  **
 2002  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
 2003  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
 2004  ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
 2005  ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
 2006  ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
 2007  ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
 2008  ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
 2009  ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
 2010  ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
 2011  ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
 2012  ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
 2013  ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
 2014  **
 2015  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
 2016  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
 2017  ** the default size of [lookaside memory] on each [database connection].
 2018  ** The first argument is the
 2019  ** size of each lookaside buffer slot ("sz") and the second is the number of
 2020  ** slots allocated to each database connection ("cnt").)^
 2021  ** ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size.
 2022  ** The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE] option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can
 2023  ** be used to change the lookaside configuration on individual connections.)^
 2024  ** The [-DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE] option can be used to change the
 2025  ** default lookaside configuration at compile-time.
 2026  ** </dd>
 2027  **
 2028  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
 2029  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
 2030  ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
 2031  ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
 2032  ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
 2033  **
 2034  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
 2035  ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
 2036  ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies off
 2037  ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
 2038  **
 2039  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
 2040  ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
 2041  ** global [error log].
 2042  ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
 2043  ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
 2044  ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
 2045  ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
 2046  ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
 2047  ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
 2048  ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
 2049  ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
 2050  ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
 2051  ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
 2052  ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
 2053  ** a log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
 2054  ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
 2055  ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
 2056  ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
 2057  ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
 2058  **
 2059  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
 2060  ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
 2061  ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
 2062  ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
 2063  ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
 2064  ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
 2065  ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
 2066  ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
 2067  ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
 2068  ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
 2069  ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
 2070  ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
 2071  ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
 2072  **
 2073  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
 2074  ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
 2075  ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
 2076  ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
 2077  ** ^The default setting is determined
 2078  ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
 2079  ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
 2080  ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
 2081  ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
 2082  ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
 2083  ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
 2084  ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
 2085  **
 2086  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
 2087  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
 2088  ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
 2089  ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
 2090  ** </dd>
 2091  **
 2092  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
 2093  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
 2094  ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
 2095  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
 2096  ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
 2097  ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
 2098  ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
 2099  ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
 2100  ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
 2101  ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
 2102  ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
 2103  ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
 2104  ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
 2105  ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
 2106  ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
 2107  ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
 2108  **
 2109  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
 2110  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
 2111  ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
 2112  ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
 2113  ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
 2114  ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
 2115  ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
 2116  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
 2117  ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
 2118  ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
 2119  ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
 2120  ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
 2121  ** changed to its compile-time default.
 2122  **
 2123  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
 2124  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
 2125  ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
 2126  ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
 2127  ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
 2128  ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
 2129  **
 2130  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
 2131  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
 2132  ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
 2133  ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
 2134  ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 2135  ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
 2136  ** target platform, and SQLite version.
 2137  **
 2138  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
 2139  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
 2140  ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
 2141  ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
 2142  ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
 2143  ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
 2144  ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
 2145  ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
 2146  ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
 2147  ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
 2148  **
 2149  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
 2150  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
 2151  ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
 2152  ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
 2153  ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
 2154  ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
 2155  ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
 2156  ** exclusively in memory.
 2157  ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
 2158  ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
 2159  ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
 2160  ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
 2161  ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
 2162  **
 2163  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
 2164  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
 2165  ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
 2166  ** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
 2167  ** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
 2168  ** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
 2169  ** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
 2170  ** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
 2171  ** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
 2172  ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
 2173  ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
 2174  ** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
 2175  ** negative value for this option restores the default behavior.
 2176  ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
 2177  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
 2178  **
 2179  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
 2180  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
 2181  ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
 2182  ** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
 2183  ** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
 2184  ** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
 2185  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
 2186  ** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
 2187  ** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
 2188  ** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
 2189  **
 2190  ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW]]
 2191  ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW
 2192  ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW option enables or disables the ability
 2193  ** for VIEWs to have a ROWID.  The capability can only be enabled if SQLite is
 2194  ** compiled with -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW, in which case the capability
 2195  ** defaults to on.  This configuration option queries the current setting or
 2196  ** changes the setting to off or on.  The argument is a pointer to an integer.
 2197  ** If that integer initially holds a value of 1, then the ability for VIEWs to
 2198  ** have ROWIDs is activated.  If the integer initially holds zero, then the
 2199  ** ability is deactivated.  Any other initial value for the integer leaves the
 2200  ** setting unchanged.  After changes, if any, the integer is written with
 2201  ** a 1 or 0, if the ability for VIEWs to have ROWIDs is on or off.  If SQLite
 2202  ** is compiled without -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW (which is the usual and
 2203  ** recommended case) then the integer is always filled with zero, regardless
 2204  ** if its initial value.
 2205  ** </dl>
 2206  */
 2207  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD         1  /* nil */
 2208  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD          2  /* nil */
 2209  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED           3  /* nil */
 2210  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC               4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 2211  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC            5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 2212  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH              6  /* No longer used */
 2213  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE            7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 2214  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP                 8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
 2215  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS            9  /* boolean */
 2216  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX               10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
 2217  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX            11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
 2218  /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC    12 which is now unused. */
 2219  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE           13  /* int int */
 2220  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE              14  /* no-op */
 2221  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE           15  /* no-op */
 2222  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG                 16  /* xFunc, void* */
 2223  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI                 17  /* int */
 2224  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2             18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
 2225  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2          19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
 2226  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
 2227  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG              21  /* xSqllog, void* */
 2228  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE           22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
 2229  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
 2230  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
 2231  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
 2232  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
 2233  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 2234  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
 2235  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
 2236  #define SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW       30  /* int* */
 2237  
 2238  /*
 2239  ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
 2240  **
 2241  ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
 2242  ** can be passed as the second parameter to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
 2243  **
 2244  ** The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface is a var-args function.  It takes a
 2245  ** variable number of parameters, though always at least two.  The number of
 2246  ** parameters passed into sqlite3_db_config() depends on which of these
 2247  ** constants is given as the second parameter.  This documentation page
 2248  ** refers to parameters beyond the second as "arguments".  Thus, when this
 2249  ** page says "the N-th argument" it means "the N-th parameter past the
 2250  ** configuration option" or "the (N+2)-th parameter to sqlite3_db_config()".
 2251  **
 2252  ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
 2253  ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
 2254  ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
 2255  ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
 2256  ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
 2257  ** is invoked.
 2258  **
 2259  ** <dl>
 2260  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
 2261  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
 2262  ** <dd> The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE option is used to adjust the
 2263  ** configuration of the [lookaside memory allocator] within a database
 2264  ** connection.
 2265  ** The arguments to the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE option are <i>not</i>
 2266  ** in the [DBCONFIG arguments|usual format].
 2267  ** The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes three arguments, not two,
 2268  ** so that a call to [sqlite3_db_config()] that uses SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE
 2269  ** should have a total of five parameters.
 2270  ** <ol>
 2271  ** <li><p>The first argument ("buf") is a
 2272  ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
 2273  ** The first argument may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
 2274  ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()].
 2275  ** <li><P>The second argument ("sz") is the
 2276  ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  Lookaside is disabled if "sz"
 2277  ** is less than 8.  The "sz" argument should be a multiple of 8 less than
 2278  ** 65536.  If "sz" does not meet this constraint, it is reduced in size until
 2279  ** it does.
 2280  ** <li><p>The third argument ("cnt") is the number of slots. Lookaside is disabled
 2281  ** if "cnt"is less than 1.  The "cnt" value will be reduced, if necessary, so
 2282  ** that the product of "sz" and "cnt" does not exceed 2,147,418,112.  The "cnt"
 2283  ** parameter is usually chosen so that the product of "sz" and "cnt" is less
 2284  ** than 1,000,000.
 2285  ** </ol>
 2286  ** <p>If the "buf" argument is not NULL, then it must
 2287  ** point to a memory buffer with a size that is greater than
 2288  ** or equal to the product of "sz" and "cnt".
 2289  ** The buffer must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.
 2290  ** The lookaside memory
 2291  ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
 2292  ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
 2293  ** when the value returned by [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED] is zero.
 2294  ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
 2295  ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
 2296  ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
 2297  ** If the "buf" argument is NULL and an attempt
 2298  ** to allocate memory based on "sz" and "cnt" fails, then
 2299  ** lookaside is silently disabled.
 2300  ** <p>
 2301  ** The [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE] configuration option can be used to set the
 2302  ** default lookaside configuration at initialization.  The
 2303  ** [-DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE] option can be used to set the default lookaside
 2304  ** configuration at compile-time.  Typical values for lookaside are 1200 for
 2305  ** "sz" and 40 to 100 for "cnt".
 2306  ** </dd>
 2307  **
 2308  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
 2309  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
 2310  ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
 2311  ** [foreign key constraints].  This is the same setting that is
 2312  ** enabled or disabled by the [PRAGMA foreign_keys] statement.
 2313  ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
 2314  ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
 2315  ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 2316  ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
 2317  ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 2318  ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
 2319  **
 2320  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
 2321  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
 2322  ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
 2323  ** There should be two additional arguments.
 2324  ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
 2325  ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 2326  ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 2327  ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
 2328  ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 2329  ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
 2330  **
 2331  ** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
 2332  ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
 2333  ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
 2334  ** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of [ATTACH]-ed
 2335  ** databases.)^ </dd>
 2336  **
 2337  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
 2338  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
 2339  ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
 2340  ** There must be two additional arguments.
 2341  ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
 2342  ** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 2343  ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 2344  ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
 2345  ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
 2346  ** which case the view setting is not reported back.
 2347  **
 2348  ** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
 2349  ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
 2350  ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
 2351  ** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
 2352  ** databases.)^ </dd>
 2353  **
 2354  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
 2355  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
 2356  ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable using the
 2357  ** [fts3_tokenizer()] function - part of the [FTS3] full-text search engine
 2358  ** extension - without using bound parameters as the parameters. Doing so
 2359  ** is disabled by default. There must be two additional arguments. The first
 2360  ** argument is an integer. If it is passed 0, then using fts3_tokenizer()
 2361  ** without bound parameters is disabled. If it is passed a positive value,
 2362  ** then calling fts3_tokenizer without bound parameters is enabled. If it
 2363  ** is passed a negative value, this setting is not modified - this can be
 2364  ** used to query for the current setting. The second parameter is a pointer
 2365  ** to an integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate the current value
 2366  ** of this setting (after it is modified, if applicable).  The second
 2367  ** parameter may be a NULL pointer, in which case the value of the setting
 2368  ** is not reported back. Refer to [FTS3] documentation for further details.
 2369  ** </dd>
 2370  **
 2371  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
 2372  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
 2373  ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
 2374  ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
 2375  ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
 2376  ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
 2377  ** There must be two additional arguments.
 2378  ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
 2379  ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
 2380  ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
 2381  ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to the state of either
 2382  ** the C-API or the SQL function.
 2383  ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 2384  ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
 2385  ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
 2386  ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
 2387  ** </dd>
 2388  **
 2389  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
 2390  ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
 2391  ** schema.  This option does not follow the
 2392  ** [DBCONFIG arguments|usual SQLITE_DBCONFIG argument format].
 2393  ** This option takes exactly one additional argument so that the
 2394  ** [sqlite3_db_config()] call has a total of three parameters.  The
 2395  ** extra argument must be a pointer to a constant UTF8 string which
 2396  ** will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite does
 2397  ** not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
 2398  ** must ensure that the argument passed into SQLITE_DBCONFIG MAINDBNAME
 2399  ** is unchanged until after the database connection closes.
 2400  ** </dd>
 2401  **
 2402  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
 2403  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
 2404  ** <dd> Usually, when a database in [WAL mode] is closed or detached from a
 2405  ** database handle, SQLite checks if if there are other connections to the
 2406  ** same database, and if there are no other database connection (if the
 2407  ** connection being closed is the last open connection to the database),
 2408  ** then SQLite performs a [checkpoint] before closing the connection and
 2409  ** deletes the WAL file.  The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE option can
 2410  ** be used to override that behavior. The first argument passed to this
 2411  ** operation (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()]) is an integer
 2412  ** which is positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the default)
 2413  ** to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 2414  ** The second argument (the fourth parameter) is a pointer to an integer
 2415  ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
 2416  ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 2417  ** </dd>
 2418  **
 2419  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
 2420  ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
 2421  ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
 2422  ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
 2423  ** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
 2424  ** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
 2425  ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
 2426  ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
 2427  ** was used during testing in the lab.
 2428  ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
 2429  ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
 2430  ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
 2431  ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
 2432  ** following this call.
 2433  ** </dd>
 2434  **
 2435  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
 2436  ** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
 2437  ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
 2438  ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
 2439  ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
 2440  ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
 2441  ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
 2442  ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
 2443  ** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
 2444  ** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
 2445  ** </dd>
 2446  **
 2447  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
 2448  ** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
 2449  ** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
 2450  ** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
 2451  ** a badly corrupted database file:
 2452  ** <ol>
 2453  ** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
 2454  **      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
 2455  **      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
 2456  **      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
 2457  **      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
 2458  **      the reset.
 2459  ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
 2460  ** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
 2461  ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
 2462  ** </ol>
 2463  ** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
 2464  ** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to
 2465  ** help ensure that it does not happen by accident. Because this
 2466  ** feature must be capable of resetting corrupt databases, and
 2467  ** shutting down virtual tables may require access to that corrupt
 2468  ** storage, the library must abandon any installed virtual tables
 2469  ** without calling their xDestroy() methods.
 2470  **
 2471  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
 2472  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
 2473  ** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
 2474  ** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
 2475  ** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
 2476  ** features include but are not limited to the following:
 2477  ** <ul>
 2478  ** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
 2479  ** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
 2480  ** <li> The [PRAGMA schema_version=N] statement.
 2481  ** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
 2482  ** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
 2483  ** </ul>
 2484  ** </dd>
 2485  **
 2486  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
 2487  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
 2488  ** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
 2489  ** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
 2490  ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
 2491  ** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
 2492  ** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
 2493  ** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
 2494  ** is enabled or disabled following this call.
 2495  ** </dd>
 2496  **
 2497  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
 2498  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
 2499  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
 2500  ** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such that it
 2501  ** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
 2502  ** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
 2503  ** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
 2504  ** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
 2505  ** </dd>
 2506  **
 2507  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
 2508  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</dt>
 2509  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
 2510  ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
 2511  ** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
 2512  ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
 2513  ** compile-time option.
 2514  ** </dd>
 2515  **
 2516  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
 2517  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</dt>
 2518  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
 2519  ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
 2520  ** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
 2521  ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
 2522  ** compile-time option.
 2523  ** </dd>
 2524  **
 2525  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
 2526  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</dt>
 2527  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
 2528  ** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
 2529  ** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
 2530  ** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
 2531  ** including:
 2532  ** <ul>
 2533  ** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
 2534  ** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
 2535  ** partial indexes, or generated columns
 2536  ** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
 2537  ** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
 2538  ** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
 2539  ** </ul>
 2540  ** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
 2541  ** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
 2542  ** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
 2543  ** </dd>
 2544  **
 2545  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
 2546  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</dt>
 2547  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
 2548  ** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
 2549  ** created database files to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
 2550  ** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
 2551  ** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
 2552  ** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
 2553  ** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
 2554  ** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
 2555  ** is now scarcely any need to generate database files that are compatible
 2556  ** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
 2557  ** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
 2558  ** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
 2559  ** 3.0.0.
 2560  ** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
 2561  ** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
 2562  ** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
 2563  ** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
 2564  ** either generated columns or descending indexes.
 2565  ** </dd>
 2566  **
 2567  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS]]
 2568  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS</dt>
 2569  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS option is only useful in
 2570  ** SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS builds. In this case, it sets or clears
 2571  ** a flag that enables collection of the sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2()
 2572  ** statistics. For statistics to be collected, the flag must be set on
 2573  ** the database handle both when the SQL statement is prepared and when it
 2574  ** is stepped. The flag is set (collection of statistics is enabled)
 2575  ** by default. <p>This option takes two arguments: an integer and a pointer to
 2576  ** an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
 2577  ** leave unchanged the statement scanstatus option.  If the second argument
 2578  ** is not NULL, then the value of the statement scanstatus setting after
 2579  ** processing the first argument is written into the integer that the second
 2580  ** argument points to.
 2581  ** </dd>
 2582  **
 2583  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER]]
 2584  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER</dt>
 2585  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER option changes the default order
 2586  ** in which tables and indexes are scanned so that the scans start at the end
 2587  ** and work toward the beginning rather than starting at the beginning and
 2588  ** working toward the end. Setting SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER is the
 2589  ** same as setting [PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects]. <p>This option takes
 2590  ** two arguments which are an integer and a pointer to an integer.  The first
 2591  ** argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or leave unchanged the
 2592  ** reverse scan order flag, respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL,
 2593  ** then 0 or 1 is written into the integer that the second argument points to
 2594  ** depending on if the reverse scan order flag is set after processing the
 2595  ** first argument.
 2596  ** </dd>
 2597  **
 2598  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE]]
 2599  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE</dt>
 2600  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE option enables or disables
 2601  ** the ability of the [ATTACH DATABASE] SQL command to create a new database
 2602  ** file if the database filed named in the ATTACH command does not already
 2603  ** exist.  This ability of ATTACH to create a new database is enabled by
 2604  ** default.  Applications can disable or reenable the ability for ATTACH to
 2605  ** create new database files using this DBCONFIG option.<p>
 2606  ** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
 2607  ** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
 2608  ** leave unchanged the attach-create flag, respectively.  If the second
 2609  ** argument is not NULL, then 0 or 1 is written into the integer that the
 2610  ** second argument points to depending on if the attach-create flag is set
 2611  ** after processing the first argument.
 2612  ** </dd>
 2613  **
 2614  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE]]
 2615  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE</dt>
 2616  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE option enables or disables the
 2617  ** ability of the [ATTACH DATABASE] SQL command to open a database for writing.
 2618  ** This capability is enabled by default.  Applications can disable or
 2619  ** reenable this capability using the current DBCONFIG option.  If
 2620  ** this capability is disabled, the [ATTACH] command will still work,
 2621  ** but the database will be opened read-only.  If this option is disabled,
 2622  ** then the ability to create a new database using [ATTACH] is also disabled,
 2623  ** regardless of the value of the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE]
 2624  ** option.<p>
 2625  ** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
 2626  ** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
 2627  ** leave unchanged the ability to ATTACH another database for writing,
 2628  ** respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL, then 0 or 1 is written
 2629  ** into the integer to which the second argument points, depending on whether
 2630  ** the ability to ATTACH a read/write database is enabled or disabled
 2631  ** after processing the first argument.
 2632  ** </dd>
 2633  **
 2634  ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS]]
 2635  ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS</dt>
 2636  ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS option enables or disables the
 2637  ** ability to include comments in SQL text.  Comments are enabled by default.
 2638  ** An application can disable or reenable comments in SQL text using this
 2639  ** DBCONFIG option.<p>
 2640  ** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
 2641  ** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
 2642  ** leave unchanged the ability to use comments in SQL text,
 2643  ** respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL, then 0 or 1 is written
 2644  ** into the integer that the second argument points to depending on if
 2645  ** comments are allowed in SQL text after processing the first argument.
 2646  ** </dd>
 2647  **
 2648  ** </dl>
 2649  **
 2650  ** [[DBCONFIG arguments]] <h3>Arguments To SQLITE_DBCONFIG Options</h3>
 2651  **
 2652  ** <p>Most of the SQLITE_DBCONFIG options take two arguments, so that the
 2653  ** overall call to [sqlite3_db_config()] has a total of four parameters.
 2654  ** The first argument (the third parameter to sqlite3_db_config()) is an integer.
 2655  ** The second argument is a pointer to an integer.  If the first argument is 1,
 2656  ** then the option becomes enabled.  If the first integer argument is 0, then the
 2657  ** option is disabled.  If the first argument is -1, then the option setting
 2658  ** is unchanged.  The second argument, the pointer to an integer, may be NULL.
 2659  ** If the second argument is not NULL, then a value of 0 or 1 is written into
 2660  ** the integer to which the second argument points, depending on whether the
 2661  ** setting is disabled or enabled after applying any changes specified by
 2662  ** the first argument.
 2663  **
 2664  ** <p>While most SQLITE_DBCONFIG options use the argument format
 2665  ** described in the previous paragraph, the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]
 2666  ** and [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE] options are different.  See the
 2667  ** documentation of those exceptional options for details.
 2668  */
 2669  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
 2670  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
 2671  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
 2672  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
 2673  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
 2674  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
 2675  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
 2676  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
 2677  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
 2678  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
 2679  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
 2680  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
 2681  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
 2682  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
 2683  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
 2684  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
 2685  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
 2686  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
 2687  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS       1018 /* int int* */
 2688  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER     1019 /* int int* */
 2689  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE  1020 /* int int* */
 2690  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE   1021 /* int int* */
 2691  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS       1022 /* int int* */
 2692  #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1022 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 2693  
 2694  /*
 2695  ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
 2696  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2697  **
 2698  ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
 2699  ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
 2700  ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
 2701  */
 2702  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
 2703  
 2704  /*
 2705  ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
 2706  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2707  **
 2708  ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
 2709  ** has a unique 64-bit signed
 2710  ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
 2711  ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
 2712  ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
 2713  ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
 2714  ** is another alias for the rowid.
 2715  **
 2716  ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
 2717  ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
 2718  ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
 2719  ** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
 2720  ** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
 2721  ** zero.
 2722  **
 2723  ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
 2724  ** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
 2725  ** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
 2726  **
 2727  ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
 2728  ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
 2729  ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
 2730  ** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
 2731  ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
 2732  ** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
 2733  ** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
 2734  ** control to the user.
 2735  **
 2736  ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
 2737  ** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
 2738  ** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
 2739  ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
 2740  **
 2741  ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
 2742  ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
 2743  ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
 2744  ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
 2745  ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
 2746  ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
 2747  ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
 2748  ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
 2749  ** the return value of this interface.)^
 2750  **
 2751  ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
 2752  ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
 2753  **
 2754  ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
 2755  ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
 2756  **
 2757  ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
 2758  ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
 2759  ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
 2760  ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
 2761  ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
 2762  ** last insert [rowid].
 2763  */
 2764  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
 2765  
 2766  /*
 2767  ** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
 2768  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2769  **
 2770  ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
 2771  ** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
 2772  ** without inserting a row into the database.
 2773  */
 2774  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
 2775  
 2776  /*
 2777  ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
 2778  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2779  **
 2780  ** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
 2781  ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
 2782  ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
 2783  ** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
 2784  ** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
 2785  ** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
 2786  ** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
 2787  ** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
 2788  ** For the purposes of this interface, a CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement
 2789  ** does not count as an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and hence the rows
 2790  ** added to the new table by the CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement are not
 2791  ** counted.
 2792  **
 2793  ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
 2794  ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
 2795  ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
 2796  **
 2797  ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
 2798  ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
 2799  ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
 2800  ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
 2801  ** tables are counted.
 2802  **
 2803  ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
 2804  ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
 2805  ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
 2806  ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
 2807  **
 2808  ** <ul>
 2809  **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
 2810  **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
 2811  **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
 2812  **
 2813  **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
 2814  **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
 2815  **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
 2816  **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
 2817  **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
 2818  ** </ul>
 2819  **
 2820  ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
 2821  ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
 2822  ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
 2823  ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
 2824  ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
 2825  ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
 2826  **
 2827  ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 2828  ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
 2829  ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 2830  **
 2831  ** See also:
 2832  ** <ul>
 2833  ** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
 2834  ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
 2835  ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
 2836  ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
 2837  ** </ul>
 2838  */
 2839  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
 2840  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
 2841  
 2842  /*
 2843  ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
 2844  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2845  **
 2846  ** ^These functions return the total number of rows inserted, modified or
 2847  ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
 2848  ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
 2849  ** part of trigger programs. The two functions are identical except for the
 2850  ** type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the
 2851  ** connection exceeds the maximum value supported by type "int", then
 2852  ** the return value of sqlite3_total_changes() is undefined. ^Executing
 2853  ** any other type of SQL statement does not affect the value returned by
 2854  ** sqlite3_total_changes().
 2855  **
 2856  ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
 2857  ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
 2858  ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
 2859  ** are not counted.
 2860  **
 2861  ** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
 2862  ** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
 2863  ** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
 2864  ** To detect changes against a database file from other database
 2865  ** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
 2866  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
 2867  **
 2868  ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
 2869  ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
 2870  ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
 2871  **
 2872  ** See also:
 2873  ** <ul>
 2874  ** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
 2875  ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
 2876  ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
 2877  ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
 2878  ** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
 2879  ** </ul>
 2880  */
 2881  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
 2882  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3*);
 2883  
 2884  /*
 2885  ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
 2886  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2887  **
 2888  ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
 2889  ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
 2890  ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
 2891  ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
 2892  ** immediately.
 2893  **
 2894  ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
 2895  ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
 2896  ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
 2897  ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
 2898  **
 2899  ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
 2900  ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
 2901  ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
 2902  **
 2903  ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
 2904  ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
 2905  ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
 2906  ** will be rolled back automatically.
 2907  **
 2908  ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
 2909  ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
 2910  ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
 2911  ** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
 2912  ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
 2913  ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
 2914  ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
 2915  ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
 2916  ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
 2917  ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
 2918  **
 2919  ** ^The [sqlite3_is_interrupted(D)] interface can be used to determine whether
 2920  ** or not an interrupt is currently in effect for [database connection] D.
 2921  ** It returns 1 if an interrupt is currently in effect, or 0 otherwise.
 2922  */
 2923  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
 2924  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_is_interrupted(sqlite3*);
 2925  
 2926  /*
 2927  ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
 2928  **
 2929  ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
 2930  ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
 2931  ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
 2932  ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
 2933  ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
 2934  ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
 2935  ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
 2936  ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
 2937  ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
 2938  ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
 2939  ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
 2940  **
 2941  ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
 2942  ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
 2943  **
 2944  ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements and thus
 2945  ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
 2946  **
 2947  ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
 2948  ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
 2949  ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
 2950  ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
 2951  ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
 2952  **
 2953  ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
 2954  ** UTF-8 string.
 2955  **
 2956  ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
 2957  ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
 2958  */
 2959  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
 2960  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
 2961  
 2962  /*
 2963  ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
 2964  ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
 2965  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 2966  **
 2967  ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
 2968  ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
 2969  ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
 2970  ** [database connection] D when another thread
 2971  ** or process has the table locked.
 2972  ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
 2973  ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
 2974  **
 2975  ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
 2976  ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
 2977  ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
 2978  **
 2979  ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
 2980  ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
 2981  ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
 2982  ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
 2983  ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
 2984  ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
 2985  ** to the application.
 2986  ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
 2987  ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
 2988  **
 2989  ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
 2990  ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
 2991  ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
 2992  ** to the application instead of invoking the
 2993  ** busy handler.
 2994  ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
 2995  ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
 2996  ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
 2997  ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
 2998  ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
 2999  ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
 3000  ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
 3001  ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
 3002  ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
 3003  ** the second process to proceed.
 3004  **
 3005  ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
 3006  **
 3007  ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
 3008  ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
 3009  ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
 3010  ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
 3011  ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
 3012  **
 3013  ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
 3014  ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
 3015  ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
 3016  ** result in undefined behavior.
 3017  **
 3018  ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
 3019  ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
 3020  */
 3021  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
 3022  
 3023  /*
 3024  ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
 3025  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 3026  **
 3027  ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
 3028  ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
 3029  ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
 3030  ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
 3031  ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
 3032  ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
 3033  **
 3034  ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
 3035  ** turns off all busy handlers.
 3036  **
 3037  ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
 3038  ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
 3039  ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
 3040  ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
 3041  **
 3042  ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
 3043  */
 3044  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
 3045  
 3046  /*
 3047  ** CAPI3REF: Set the Setlk Timeout
 3048  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 3049  **
 3050  ** This routine is only useful in SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT builds. If
 3051  ** the VFS supports blocking locks, it sets the timeout in ms used by
 3052  ** eligible locks taken on wal mode databases by the specified database
 3053  ** handle. In non-SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT builds, or if the VFS does
 3054  ** not support blocking locks, this function is a no-op.
 3055  **
 3056  ** Passing 0 to this function disables blocking locks altogether. Passing
 3057  ** -1 to this function requests that the VFS blocks for a long time -
 3058  ** indefinitely if possible. The results of passing any other negative value
 3059  ** are undefined.
 3060  **
 3061  ** Internally, each SQLite database handle stores two timeout values - the
 3062  ** busy-timeout (used for rollback mode databases, or if the VFS does not
 3063  ** support blocking locks) and the setlk-timeout (used for blocking locks
 3064  ** on wal-mode databases). The sqlite3_busy_timeout() method sets both
 3065  ** values, this function sets only the setlk-timeout value. Therefore,
 3066  ** to configure separate busy-timeout and setlk-timeout values for a single
 3067  ** database handle, call sqlite3_busy_timeout() followed by this function.
 3068  **
 3069  ** Whenever the number of connections to a wal mode database falls from
 3070  ** 1 to 0, the last connection takes an exclusive lock on the database,
 3071  ** then checkpoints and deletes the wal file. While it is doing this, any
 3072  ** new connection that tries to read from the database fails with an
 3073  ** SQLITE_BUSY error. Or, if the SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT flag is
 3074  ** passed to this API, the new connection blocks until the exclusive lock
 3075  ** has been released.
 3076  */
 3077  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_setlk_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms, int flags);
 3078  
 3079  /*
 3080  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_setlk_timeout()
 3081  */
 3082  #define SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT 0x01
 3083  
 3084  /*
 3085  ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
 3086  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 3087  **
 3088  ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
 3089  ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
 3090  **
 3091  ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is a memory data structure created by the
 3092  ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
 3093  ** complete query results from one or more queries.
 3094  **
 3095  ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
 3096  ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
 3097  ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
 3098  ** and M be the number of columns.
 3099  **
 3100  ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
 3101  ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
 3102  ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
 3103  ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
 3104  ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
 3105  ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
 3106  **
 3107  ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
 3108  ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
 3109  ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
 3110  **
 3111  ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
 3112  ** is as follows:
 3113  **
 3114  ** <blockquote><pre>
 3115  **        Name        | Age
 3116  **        -----------------------
 3117  **        Alice       | 43
 3118  **        Bob         | 28
 3119  **        Cindy       | 21
 3120  ** </pre></blockquote>
 3121  **
 3122  ** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
 3123  ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
 3124  ** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
 3125  **
 3126  ** <blockquote><pre>
 3127  **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
 3128  **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
 3129  **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
 3130  **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
 3131  **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
 3132  **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
 3133  **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
 3134  **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
 3135  ** </pre></blockquote>)^
 3136  **
 3137  ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
 3138  ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
 3139  ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
 3140  ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
 3141  **
 3142  ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
 3143  ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
 3144  ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
 3145  ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
 3146  ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
 3147  ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
 3148  **
 3149  ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
 3150  ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
 3151  ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
 3152  ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
 3153  ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
 3154  ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
 3155  ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 3156  */
 3157  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
 3158    sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
 3159    const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
 3160    char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
 3161    int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
 3162    int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
 3163    char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
 3164  );
 3165  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
 3166  
 3167  /*
 3168  ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
 3169  **
 3170  ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
 3171  ** from the standard C library.
 3172  ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
 3173  ** the standard library printf()
 3174  ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
 3175  ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
 3176  **
 3177  ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
 3178  ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
 3179  ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
 3180  ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
 3181  ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
 3182  ** memory to hold the resulting string.
 3183  **
 3184  ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
 3185  ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
 3186  ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
 3187  ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
 3188  ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
 3189  ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
 3190  ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
 3191  ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
 3192  ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
 3193  ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
 3194  ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
 3195  ** now without breaking compatibility.
 3196  **
 3197  ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
 3198  ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
 3199  ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
 3200  ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
 3201  ** written will be n-1 characters.
 3202  **
 3203  ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
 3204  **
 3205  ** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
 3206  */
 3207  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
 3208  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
 3209  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
 3210  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
 3211  
 3212  /*
 3213  ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
 3214  **
 3215  ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
 3216  ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
 3217  ** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
 3218  ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
 3219  **
 3220  ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
 3221  ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
 3222  ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
 3223  ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
 3224  ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
 3225  ** a NULL pointer.
 3226  **
 3227  ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
 3228  ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
 3229  ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
 3230  **
 3231  ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
 3232  ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
 3233  ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
 3234  ** a no-op if it is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
 3235  ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
 3236  ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
 3237  ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
 3238  ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
 3239  ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
 3240  ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
 3241  **
 3242  ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
 3243  ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
 3244  ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
 3245  ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
 3246  ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
 3247  ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
 3248  ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
 3249  ** sqlite3_free(X).
 3250  ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
 3251  ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
 3252  ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes of the
 3253  ** prior allocation are copied into the beginning of the buffer returned
 3254  ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
 3255  ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
 3256  ** prior allocation is not freed.
 3257  **
 3258  ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interface works the same as
 3259  ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
 3260  ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
 3261  **
 3262  ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
 3263  ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
 3264  ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
 3265  ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
 3266  ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
 3267  ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
 3268  ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
 3269  ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
 3270  ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
 3271  **
 3272  ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
 3273  ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
 3274  ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
 3275  ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
 3276  ** option is used.
 3277  **
 3278  ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
 3279  ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
 3280  ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
 3281  ** not yet been released.
 3282  **
 3283  ** The application must not read or write any part of
 3284  ** a block of memory after it has been released using
 3285  ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
 3286  */
 3287  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
 3288  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
 3289  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
 3290  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
 3291  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
 3292  SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
 3293  
 3294  /*
 3295  ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
 3296  **
 3297  ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
 3298  ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
 3299  ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
 3300  **
 3301  ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
 3302  ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
 3303  ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
 3304  ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
 3305  ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
 3306  ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
 3307  ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
 3308  ** but not overhead added by any underlying system library
 3309  ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
 3310  **
 3311  ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
 3312  ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
 3313  ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
 3314  ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
 3315  ** prior to the reset.
 3316  */
 3317  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
 3318  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
 3319  
 3320  /*
 3321  ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
 3322  **
 3323  ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
 3324  ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
 3325  ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
 3326  ** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
 3327  ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
 3328  **
 3329  ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
 3330  ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
 3331  **
 3332  ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
 3333  ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
 3334  ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
 3335  ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
 3336  ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
 3337  ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
 3338  ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
 3339  ** method.
 3340  */
 3341  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
 3342  
 3343  /*
 3344  ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
 3345  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 3346  ** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
 3347  **
 3348  ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
 3349  ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
 3350  ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
 3351  ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
 3352  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
 3353  ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
 3354  ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
 3355  ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 3356  ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
 3357  ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
 3358  ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
 3359  ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
 3360  ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
 3361  ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
 3362  ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
 3363  ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
 3364  **
 3365  ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
 3366  ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
 3367  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
 3368  ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
 3369  ** access is denied.
 3370  **
 3371  ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
 3372  ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
 3373  ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
 3374  ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
 3375  ** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
 3376  ** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
 3377  ** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
 3378  ** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
 3379  **
 3380  ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
 3381  ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
 3382  ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
 3383  ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
 3384  ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
 3385  ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
 3386  ** columns of a table.
 3387  ** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
 3388  ** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
 3389  ** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
 3390  ** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
 3391  ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
 3392  ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
 3393  ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
 3394  **
 3395  ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
 3396  ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
 3397  ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
 3398  ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
 3399  ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
 3400  ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
 3401  ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
 3402  ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
 3403  ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
 3404  ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
 3405  **
 3406  ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
 3407  ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
 3408  ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
 3409  ** in addition to using an authorizer.
 3410  **
 3411  ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
 3412  ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
 3413  ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
 3414  ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
 3415  **
 3416  ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
 3417  ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
 3418  ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
 3419  ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 3420  **
 3421  ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
 3422  ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
 3423  ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
 3424  ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
 3425  **
 3426  ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
 3427  ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
 3428  ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
 3429  ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
 3430  ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
 3431  */
 3432  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
 3433    sqlite3*,
 3434    int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
 3435    void *pUserData
 3436  );
 3437  
 3438  /*
 3439  ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
 3440  **
 3441  ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
 3442  ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
 3443  ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
 3444  ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
 3445  ** information.
 3446  **
 3447  ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
 3448  ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
 3449  */
 3450  #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
 3451  #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
 3452  
 3453  /*
 3454  ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
 3455  **
 3456  ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
 3457  ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
 3458  ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
 3459  ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
 3460  ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
 3461  **
 3462  ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
 3463  ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
 3464  ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
 3465  ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
 3466  ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
 3467  ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
 3468  ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
 3469  ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
 3470  ** top-level SQL code.
 3471  */
 3472  /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
 3473  #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 3474  #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3475  #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 3476  #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3477  #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 3478  #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
 3479  #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 3480  #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
 3481  #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3482  #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 3483  #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3484  #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
 3485  #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3486  #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 3487  #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
 3488  #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
 3489  #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
 3490  #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3491  #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
 3492  #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
 3493  #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
 3494  #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
 3495  #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
 3496  #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
 3497  #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
 3498  #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
 3499  #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
 3500  #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
 3501  #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
 3502  #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
 3503  #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
 3504  #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
 3505  #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
 3506  #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
 3507  
 3508  /*
 3509  ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Tracing And Profiling Functions
 3510  ** DEPRECATED
 3511  **
 3512  ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
 3513  ** instead of the routines described here.
 3514  **
 3515  ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
 3516  ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
 3517  **
 3518  ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
 3519  ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
 3520  ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
 3521  ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
 3522  ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
 3523  ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
 3524  ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
 3525  **
 3526  ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
 3527  ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
 3528  **
 3529  ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
 3530  ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
 3531  ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
 3532  ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
 3533  ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
 3534  ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
 3535  ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
 3536  ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
 3537  ** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
 3538  ** profile callback.
 3539  */
 3540  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
 3541     void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
 3542  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
 3543     void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
 3544  
 3545  /*
 3546  ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
 3547  ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
 3548  **
 3549  ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
 3550  ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
 3551  ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
 3552  ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
 3553  ** is one of the following constants.
 3554  **
 3555  ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
 3556  **
 3557  ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
 3558  ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
 3559  ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
 3560  ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
 3561  ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
 3562  **
 3563  ** <dl>
 3564  ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
 3565  ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
 3566  ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
 3567  ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
 3568  ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
 3569  ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
 3570  ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
 3571  ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
 3572  ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
 3573  ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
 3574  ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
 3575  **
 3576  ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
 3577  ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
 3578  ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
 3579  ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
 3580  ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is approximately
 3581  ** the number of nanoseconds that the prepared statement took to run.
 3582  ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
 3583  **
 3584  ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
 3585  ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
 3586  ** statement generates a single row of result.
 3587  ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
 3588  ** X argument is unused.
 3589  **
 3590  ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
 3591  ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
 3592  ** connection closes.
 3593  ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
 3594  ** and the X argument is unused.
 3595  ** </dl>
 3596  */
 3597  #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
 3598  #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
 3599  #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
 3600  #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
 3601  
 3602  /*
 3603  ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
 3604  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 3605  **
 3606  ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
 3607  ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
 3608  ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
 3609  ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
 3610  ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
 3611  ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
 3612  **
 3613  ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace(D,X,P) or sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)
 3614  ** overrides (cancels) all prior calls to sqlite3_trace(D,X,P) or
 3615  ** sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) for the [database connection] D.  Each
 3616  ** database connection may have at most one trace callback.
 3617  **
 3618  ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
 3619  ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
 3620  ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
 3621  ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
 3622  **
 3623  ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
 3624  ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
 3625  ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
 3626  ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
 3627  ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
 3628  **
 3629  ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
 3630  ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
 3631  ** are deprecated.
 3632  */
 3633  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
 3634    sqlite3*,
 3635    unsigned uMask,
 3636    int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
 3637    void *pCtx
 3638  );
 3639  
 3640  /*
 3641  ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
 3642  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 3643  **
 3644  ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
 3645  ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
 3646  ** [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_prepare()] and similar for
 3647  ** database connection D.  An example use for this
 3648  ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
 3649  **
 3650  ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
 3651  ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
 3652  ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
 3653  ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
 3654  ** handler is disabled.
 3655  **
 3656  ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
 3657  ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
 3658  ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
 3659  ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
 3660  ** than 1.
 3661  **
 3662  ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
 3663  ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
 3664  ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
 3665  **
 3666  ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
 3667  ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
 3668  ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
 3669  ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 3670  **
 3671  ** The progress handler callback would originally only be invoked from the
 3672  ** bytecode engine.  It still might be invoked during [sqlite3_prepare()]
 3673  ** and similar because those routines might force a reparse of the schema
 3674  ** which involves running the bytecode engine.  However, beginning with
 3675  ** SQLite version 3.41.0, the progress handler callback might also be
 3676  ** invoked directly from [sqlite3_prepare()] while analyzing and generating
 3677  ** code for complex queries.
 3678  */
 3679  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
 3680  
 3681  /*
 3682  ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
 3683  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
 3684  **
 3685  ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
 3686  ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
 3687  ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
 3688  ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
 3689  ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
 3690  ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
 3691  ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
 3692  ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
 3693  ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
 3694  ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
 3695  ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
 3696  ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
 3697  **
 3698  ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
 3699  ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
 3700  ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
 3701  **
 3702  ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
 3703  ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
 3704  ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
 3705  **
 3706  ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
 3707  ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
 3708  ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
 3709  ** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
 3710  ** three flag combinations:)^
 3711  **
 3712  ** <dl>
 3713  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
 3714  ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does
 3715  ** not already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
 3716  **
 3717  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
 3718  ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or
 3719  ** reading only if the file is write protected by the operating
 3720  ** system.  In either case the database must already exist, otherwise
 3721  ** an error is returned.  For historical reasons, if opening in
 3722  ** read-write mode fails due to OS-level permissions, an attempt is
 3723  ** made to open it in read-only mode. [sqlite3_db_readonly()] can be
 3724  ** used to determine whether the database is actually
 3725  ** read-write.</dd>)^
 3726  **
 3727  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
 3728  ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
 3729  ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
 3730  ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
 3731  ** </dl>
 3732  **
 3733  ** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
 3734  ** also supported:
 3735  **
 3736  ** <dl>
 3737  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
 3738  ** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
 3739  **
 3740  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
 3741  ** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
 3742  ** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
 3743  ** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
 3744  ** </dd>)^
 3745  **
 3746  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
 3747  ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
 3748  ** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
 3749  ** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
 3750  ** a different [database connection].
 3751  **
 3752  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
 3753  ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
 3754  ** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
 3755  ** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
 3756  ** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
 3757  ** there is no harm in trying.)
 3758  **
 3759  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
 3760  ** <dd>The database is opened with [shared cache] enabled, overriding
 3761  ** the default shared cache setting provided by
 3762  ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
 3763  ** The [use of shared cache mode is discouraged] and hence shared cache
 3764  ** capabilities may be omitted from many builds of SQLite.  In such cases,
 3765  ** this option is a no-op.
 3766  **
 3767  ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
 3768  ** <dd>The database is opened with [shared cache] disabled, overriding
 3769  ** the default shared cache setting provided by
 3770  ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
 3771  **
 3772  ** [[OPEN_EXRESCODE]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE]</dt>
 3773  ** <dd>The database connection comes up in "extended result code mode".
 3774  ** In other words, the database behaves as if
 3775  ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(db,1)] were called on the database
 3776  ** connection as soon as the connection is created. In addition to setting
 3777  ** the extended result code mode, this flag also causes [sqlite3_open_v2()]
 3778  ** to return an extended result code.</dd>
 3779  **
 3780  ** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
 3781  ** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to contain a symbolic link</dd>
 3782  ** </dl>)^
 3783  **
 3784  ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
 3785  ** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
 3786  ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
 3787  ** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
 3788  ** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
 3789  ** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
 3790  ** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
 3791  ** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
 3792  ** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
 3793  ** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
 3794  ** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
 3795  ** by sqlite3_open_v2().
 3796  **
 3797  ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
 3798  ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
 3799  ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
 3800  ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
 3801  **
 3802  ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
 3803  ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
 3804  ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
 3805  ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
 3806  ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
 3807  ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
 3808  ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
 3809  **
 3810  ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
 3811  ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
 3812  ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
 3813  **
 3814  ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
 3815  **
 3816  ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
 3817  ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
 3818  ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
 3819  ** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
 3820  ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
 3821  ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
 3822  ** URI filename interpretation is turned off
 3823  ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
 3824  ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
 3825  ** information.
 3826  **
 3827  ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
 3828  ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
 3829  ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
 3830  ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
 3831  ** present, is ignored.
 3832  **
 3833  ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
 3834  ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
 3835  ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
 3836  ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
 3837  ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
 3838  ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
 3839  ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
 3840  **
 3841  ** [[core URI query parameters]]
 3842  ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
 3843  ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
 3844  ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
 3845  ** following query parameters:
 3846  **
 3847  ** <ul>
 3848  **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
 3849  **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
 3850  **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
 3851  **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
 3852  **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
 3853  **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
 3854  **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
 3855  **
 3856  **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
 3857  **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
 3858  **     an error)^.
 3859  **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
 3860  **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
 3861  **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
 3862  **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
 3863  **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
 3864  **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
 3865  **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
 3866  **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
 3867  **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
 3868  **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
 3869  **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
 3870  **
 3871  **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
 3872  **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
 3873  **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
 3874  **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
 3875  **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
 3876  **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
 3877  **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
 3878  **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
 3879  **
 3880  **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
 3881  **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
 3882  **     storage media on which the database file resides.
 3883  **
 3884  **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
 3885  **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
 3886  **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
 3887  **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
 3888  **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
 3889  **     processes uses nolock=1.
 3890  **
 3891  **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
 3892  **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
 3893  **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
 3894  **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
 3895  **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
 3896  **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
 3897  **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
 3898  **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
 3899  **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
 3900  **
 3901  ** </ul>
 3902  **
 3903  ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
 3904  ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
 3905  ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
 3906  ** additional information.
 3907  **
 3908  ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
 3909  **
 3910  ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
 3911  ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
 3912  ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
 3913  **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
 3914  ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
 3915  **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
 3916  **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
 3917  **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
 3918  ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
 3919  **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
 3920  ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
 3921  **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
 3922  **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
 3923  **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
 3924  **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
 3925  **          in URI filenames.
 3926  ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
 3927  **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
 3928  **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
 3929  **          default, use a private cache.
 3930  ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
 3931  **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
 3932  **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
 3933  ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
 3934  **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
 3935  **          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
 3936  ** </table>
 3937  **
 3938  ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
 3939  ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
 3940  ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
 3941  ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
 3942  ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
 3943  ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
 3944  ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
 3945  ** the results are undefined.
 3946  **
 3947  ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
 3948  ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
 3949  ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
 3950  ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
 3951  ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
 3952  **
 3953  ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
 3954  ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
 3955  ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
 3956  **
 3957  ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
 3958  */
 3959  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
 3960    const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
 3961    sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 3962  );
 3963  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
 3964    const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
 3965    sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 3966  );
 3967  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
 3968    const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
 3969    sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
 3970    int flags,              /* Flags */
 3971    const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
 3972  );
 3973  
 3974  /*
 3975  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
 3976  **
 3977  ** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
 3978  ** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
 3979  ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
 3980  **
 3981  ** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
 3982  ** as F) must be one of:
 3983  ** <ul>
 3984  ** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
 3985  ** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implementation, or
 3986  ** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
 3987  ** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
 3988  ** </ul>
 3989  ** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
 3990  ** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
 3991  ** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
 3992  **
 3993  ** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
 3994  ** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
 3995  ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
 3996  ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
 3997  ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
 3998  ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
 3999  ** a pointer to an empty string.
 4000  **
 4001  ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
 4002  ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
 4003  ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
 4004  ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
 4005  ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
 4006  ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
 4007  ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
 4008  ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
 4009  ** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
 4010  ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
 4011  **
 4012  ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
 4013  ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
 4014  ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
 4015  ** zero is returned.
 4016  **
 4017  ** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
 4018  ** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
 4019  ** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
 4020  ** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
 4021  ** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
 4022  ** so forth.
 4023  **
 4024  ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
 4025  ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
 4026  ** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
 4027  ** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
 4028  ** and probably undesirable.
 4029  **
 4030  ** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
 4031  ** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
 4032  ** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
 4033  ** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
 4034  ** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
 4035  ** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
 4036  ** main database file.
 4037  **
 4038  ** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
 4039  */
 4040  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam);
 4041  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
 4042  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(sqlite3_filename, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
 4043  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(sqlite3_filename z, int N);
 4044  
 4045  /*
 4046  ** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
 4047  **
 4048  ** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
 4049  ** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
 4050  ** and the WAL file.
 4051  **
 4052  ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
 4053  ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
 4054  ** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
 4055  **
 4056  ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
 4057  ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
 4058  ** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
 4059  ** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
 4060  **
 4061  ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
 4062  ** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
 4063  ** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
 4064  ** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
 4065  ** WAL file.
 4066  **
 4067  ** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
 4068  ** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
 4069  ** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
 4070  ** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
 4071  */
 4072  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(sqlite3_filename);
 4073  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(sqlite3_filename);
 4074  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(sqlite3_filename);
 4075  
 4076  /*
 4077  ** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
 4078  **
 4079  ** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
 4080  ** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
 4081  ** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
 4082  ** object that represents the main database file.
 4083  **
 4084  ** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
 4085  ** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
 4086  ** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
 4087  ** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
 4088  ** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
 4089  ** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
 4090  ** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
 4091  ** behavior.
 4092  */
 4093  SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
 4094  
 4095  /*
 4096  ** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
 4097  **
 4098  ** These interfaces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
 4099  ** are not useful outside of that context.
 4100  **
 4101  ** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
 4102  ** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
 4103  ** an array P of N URI Key/Value pairs.  The result from
 4104  ** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
 4105  ** is safe to pass to routines like:
 4106  ** <ul>
 4107  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
 4108  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
 4109  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
 4110  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
 4111  ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
 4112  ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
 4113  ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
 4114  ** </ul>
 4115  ** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
 4116  ** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
 4117  ** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
 4118  **
 4119  ** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
 4120  ** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
 4121  ** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
 4122  ** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
 4123  ** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
 4124  ** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
 4125  ** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
 4126  **
 4127  ** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
 4128  ** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
 4129  ** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
 4130  **
 4131  ** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
 4132  ** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
 4133  ** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
 4134  ** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
 4135  ** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
 4136  ** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
 4137  ** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
 4138  ** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
 4139  */
 4140  SQLITE_API sqlite3_filename sqlite3_create_filename(
 4141    const char *zDatabase,
 4142    const char *zJournal,
 4143    const char *zWal,
 4144    int nParam,
 4145    const char **azParam
 4146  );
 4147  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(sqlite3_filename);
 4148  
 4149  /*
 4150  ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
 4151  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 4152  **
 4153  ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
 4154  ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
 4155  ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
 4156  ** API call.
 4157  ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
 4158  ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
 4159  ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
 4160  ** disabled.
 4161  **
 4162  ** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
 4163  ** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
 4164  ** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
 4165  ** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
 4166  ** interfaces include the following:
 4167  **
 4168  ** <ul>
 4169  ** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
 4170  ** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
 4171  ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
 4172  ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
 4173  ** <li> sqlite3_error_offset()
 4174  ** </ul>
 4175  **
 4176  ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
 4177  ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively,
 4178  ** or NULL if no error message is available.
 4179  ** (See how SQLite handles [invalid UTF] for exceptions to this rule.)
 4180  ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
 4181  ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
 4182  ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
 4183  ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
 4184  **
 4185  ** ^The sqlite3_errstr(E) interface returns the English-language text
 4186  ** that describes the [result code] E, as UTF-8, or NULL if E is not a
 4187  ** result code for which a text error message is available.
 4188  ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
 4189  ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
 4190  **
 4191  ** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
 4192  ** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
 4193  ** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
 4194  ** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF-8.
 4195  ** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
 4196  ** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
 4197  **
 4198  ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
 4199  ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
 4200  ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
 4201  ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
 4202  ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
 4203  ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
 4204  ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
 4205  ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
 4206  ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
 4207  **
 4208  ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
 4209  ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
 4210  ** error code and message may or may not be set.
 4211  */
 4212  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
 4213  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
 4214  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
 4215  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
 4216  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
 4217  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db);
 4218  
 4219  /*
 4220  ** CAPI3REF: Set Error Codes And Message
 4221  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 4222  **
 4223  ** Set the error code of the database handle passed as the first argument
 4224  ** to errcode, and the error message to a copy of nul-terminated string
 4225  ** zErrMsg. If zErrMsg is passed NULL, then the error message is set to
 4226  ** the default message associated with the supplied error code.  Subsequent
 4227  ** calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and similar will
 4228  ** return the values set by this routine in place of what was previously
 4229  ** set by SQLite itself.
 4230  **
 4231  ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if the error code and error message are
 4232  ** successfully set, SQLITE_NOMEM if an OOM occurs, and SQLITE_MISUSE if
 4233  ** the database handle is NULL or invalid.
 4234  **
 4235  ** The error code and message set by this routine remains in effect until
 4236  ** they are changed, either by another call to this routine or until they are
 4237  ** changed to by SQLite itself to reflect the result of some subsquent
 4238  ** API call.
 4239  **
 4240  ** This function is intended for use by SQLite extensions or wrappers.  The
 4241  ** idea is that an extension or wrapper can use this routine to set error
 4242  ** messages and error codes and thus behave more like a core SQLite
 4243  ** feature from the point of view of an application.
 4244  */
 4245  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_errmsg(sqlite3 *db, int errcode, const char *zErrMsg);
 4246  
 4247  /*
 4248  ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
 4249  ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
 4250  **
 4251  ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
 4252  ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
 4253  **
 4254  ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
 4255  ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
 4256  ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
 4257  ** prepared statement before it can be run.
 4258  **
 4259  ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
 4260  **
 4261  ** <ol>
 4262  ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
 4263  ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
 4264  **      interfaces.
 4265  ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
 4266  ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
 4267  **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
 4268  ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
 4269  ** </ol>
 4270  */
 4271  typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
 4272  
 4273  /*
 4274  ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
 4275  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 4276  **
 4277  ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
 4278  ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
 4279  ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
 4280  ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
 4281  ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
 4282  ** new limit for that construct.)^
 4283  **
 4284  ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
 4285  ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
 4286  ** [limits | hard upper bound]
 4287  ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
 4288  ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
 4289  ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
 4290  ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
 4291  ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
 4292  **
 4293  ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
 4294  ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
 4295  ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
 4296  ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
 4297  **
 4298  ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
 4299  ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
 4300  ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
 4301  ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
 4302  ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
 4303  ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
 4304  ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
 4305  ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
 4306  ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
 4307  ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
 4308  ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
 4309  ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
 4310  **
 4311  ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
 4312  */
 4313  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
 4314  
 4315  /*
 4316  ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
 4317  ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
 4318  **
 4319  ** These constants define various performance limits
 4320  ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
 4321  ** A concise description of these limits follows, and additional information
 4322  ** is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
 4323  **
 4324  ** <dl>
 4325  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
 4326  ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
 4327  **
 4328  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
 4329  ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
 4330  **
 4331  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
 4332  ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
 4333  ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
 4334  ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
 4335  **
 4336  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
 4337  ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
 4338  **
 4339  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
 4340  ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
 4341  **
 4342  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
 4343  ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
 4344  ** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
 4345  ** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
 4346  ** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
 4347  **
 4348  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
 4349  ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
 4350  **
 4351  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
 4352  ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
 4353  **
 4354  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
 4355  ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
 4356  ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
 4357  ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
 4358  **
 4359  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
 4360  ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
 4361  ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
 4362  **
 4363  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
 4364  ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
 4365  **
 4366  ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
 4367  ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
 4368  ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
 4369  ** </dl>
 4370  */
 4371  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
 4372  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
 4373  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
 4374  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
 4375  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
 4376  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
 4377  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
 4378  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
 4379  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
 4380  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
 4381  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
 4382  #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
 4383  
 4384  /*
 4385  ** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
 4386  **
 4387  ** These constants define various flags that can be passed into the
 4388  ** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
 4389  ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
 4390  **
 4391  ** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
 4392  **
 4393  ** <dl>
 4394  ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
 4395  ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
 4396  ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
 4397  ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
 4398  ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
 4399  ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
 4400  ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
 4401  ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
 4402  ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
 4403  ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
 4404  **
 4405  ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
 4406  ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
 4407  ** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
 4408  ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
 4409  ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
 4410  ** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
 4411  ** flag.
 4412  **
 4413  ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
 4414  ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
 4415  ** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
 4416  ** any virtual tables.
 4417  **
 4418  ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG</dt>
 4419  ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG flag prevents SQL compiler
 4420  ** errors from being sent to the error log defined by
 4421  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG].  This can be used, for example, to do test
 4422  ** compiles to see if some SQL syntax is well-formed, without generating
 4423  ** messages on the global error log when it is not.  If the test compile
 4424  ** fails, the sqlite3_prepare_v3() call returns the same error indications
 4425  ** with or without this flag; it just omits the call to [sqlite3_log()] that
 4426  ** logs the error.
 4427  ** </dl>
 4428  */
 4429  #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
 4430  #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
 4431  #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
 4432  #define SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG                0x10
 4433  
 4434  /*
 4435  ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
 4436  ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
 4437  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 4438  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 4439  **
 4440  ** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
 4441  ** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
 4442  ** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
 4443  **
 4444  ** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
 4445  ** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
 4446  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
 4447  ** for special purposes.
 4448  **
 4449  ** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
 4450  ** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
 4451  ** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
 4452  ** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
 4453  **
 4454  ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
 4455  ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
 4456  ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
 4457  **
 4458  ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
 4459  ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
 4460  ** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
 4461  ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
 4462  ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
 4463  **
 4464  ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
 4465  ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the maximum
 4466  ** number of bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is positive, zSql is read
 4467  ** up to the first zero terminator or until the nByte bytes have been read,
 4468  ** whichever comes first.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
 4469  ** statement is generated.
 4470  ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
 4471  ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
 4472  ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
 4473  ** the nul-terminator.
 4474  ** Note that nByte measures the length of the input in bytes, not
 4475  ** characters, even for the UTF-16 interfaces.
 4476  **
 4477  ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
 4478  ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
 4479  ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
 4480  ** what remains uncompiled.
 4481  **
 4482  ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
 4483  ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
 4484  ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
 4485  ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
 4486  ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
 4487  ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
 4488  ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
 4489  **
 4490  ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
 4491  ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 4492  **
 4493  ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
 4494  ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
 4495  ** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
 4496  ** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
 4497  ** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
 4498  ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
 4499  ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 4500  ** behave differently in three ways:
 4501  **
 4502  ** <ol>
 4503  ** <li>
 4504  ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
 4505  ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
 4506  ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
 4507  ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
 4508  ** </li>
 4509  **
 4510  ** <li>
 4511  ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
 4512  ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
 4513  ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
 4514  ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
 4515  ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
 4516  ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
 4517  ** </li>
 4518  **
 4519  ** <li>
 4520  ** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
 4521  ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
 4522  ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
 4523  ** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
 4524  ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
 4525  ** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
 4526  ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
 4527  ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
 4528  ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
 4529  ** </li>
 4530  ** </ol>
 4531  **
 4532  ** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
 4533  ** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
 4534  ** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
 4535  ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
 4536  ** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
 4537  */
 4538  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
 4539    sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 4540    const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
 4541    int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 4542    sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 4543    const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 4544  );
 4545  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
 4546    sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 4547    const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
 4548    int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 4549    sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 4550    const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 4551  );
 4552  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
 4553    sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 4554    const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
 4555    int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 4556    unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
 4557    sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 4558    const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 4559  );
 4560  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
 4561    sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 4562    const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
 4563    int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 4564    sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 4565    const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 4566  );
 4567  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
 4568    sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 4569    const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
 4570    int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 4571    sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 4572    const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 4573  );
 4574  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
 4575    sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
 4576    const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
 4577    int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
 4578    unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
 4579    sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
 4580    const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 4581  );
 4582  
 4583  /*
 4584  ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
 4585  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4586  **
 4587  ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
 4588  ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
 4589  ** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
 4590  ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 4591  ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 4592  ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 4593  ** [bound parameters] expanded.
 4594  ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 4595  ** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
 4596  ** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
 4597  ** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
 4598  ** placeholders.
 4599  **
 4600  ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
 4601  ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
 4602  ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
 4603  ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
 4604  ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
 4605  **
 4606  ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
 4607  ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
 4608  ** maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
 4609  **
 4610  ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
 4611  ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
 4612  ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
 4613  **
 4614  ** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
 4615  ** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
 4616  ** statement is finalized.
 4617  ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
 4618  ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be freed by the application
 4619  ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
 4620  **
 4621  ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql() interface is only available if
 4622  ** the [SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE] compile-time option is defined.
 4623  */
 4624  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4625  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4626  #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
 4627  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4628  #endif
 4629  
 4630  /*
 4631  ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
 4632  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4633  **
 4634  ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
 4635  ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
 4636  ** the content of the database file.
 4637  **
 4638  ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
 4639  ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
 4640  ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
 4641  ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
 4642  ** change the database file through side-effects:
 4643  **
 4644  ** <blockquote><pre>
 4645  **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
 4646  ** </pre></blockquote>
 4647  **
 4648  ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
 4649  ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
 4650  **
 4651  ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
 4652  ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
 4653  ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
 4654  ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
 4655  ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
 4656  ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
 4657  ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
 4658  ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
 4659  ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
 4660  ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
 4661  ** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
 4662  ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
 4663  **
 4664  ** ^This routine returns false if there is any possibility that the
 4665  ** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
 4666  ** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
 4667  ** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
 4668  ** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
 4669  ** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
 4670  ** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
 4671  ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
 4672  **
 4673  ** ^If prepared statement X is an [EXPLAIN] or [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
 4674  ** statement, then sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) returns the same value as
 4675  ** if the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefix were omitted.
 4676  */
 4677  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4678  
 4679  /*
 4680  ** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
 4681  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4682  **
 4683  ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
 4684  ** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
 4685  ** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
 4686  ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
 4687  ** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
 4688  */
 4689  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 4690  
 4691  /*
 4692  ** CAPI3REF: Change The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
 4693  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4694  **
 4695  ** The sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) interface changes the EXPLAIN
 4696  ** setting for [prepared statement] S.  If E is zero, then S becomes
 4697  ** a normal prepared statement.  If E is 1, then S behaves as if
 4698  ** its SQL text began with "[EXPLAIN]".  If E is 2, then S behaves as if
 4699  ** its SQL text began with "[EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]".
 4700  **
 4701  ** Calling sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) might cause S to be reprepared.
 4702  ** SQLite tries to avoid a reprepare, but a reprepare might be necessary
 4703  ** on the first transition into EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN mode.
 4704  **
 4705  ** Because of the potential need to reprepare, a call to
 4706  ** sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) will fail with SQLITE_ERROR if S cannot be
 4707  ** reprepared because it was created using [sqlite3_prepare()] instead of
 4708  ** the newer [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] interfaces and
 4709  ** hence has no saved SQL text with which to reprepare.
 4710  **
 4711  ** Changing the explain setting for a prepared statement does not change
 4712  ** the original SQL text for the statement.  Hence, if the SQL text originally
 4713  ** began with EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN, but sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,0)
 4714  ** is called to convert the statement into an ordinary statement, the EXPLAIN
 4715  ** or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN keywords will still appear in the sqlite3_sql(S)
 4716  ** output, even though the statement now acts like a normal SQL statement.
 4717  **
 4718  ** This routine returns SQLITE_OK if the explain mode is successfully
 4719  ** changed, or an error code if the explain mode could not be changed.
 4720  ** The explain mode cannot be changed while a statement is active.
 4721  ** Hence, it is good practice to call [sqlite3_reset(S)]
 4722  ** immediately prior to calling sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E).
 4723  */
 4724  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_explain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int eMode);
 4725  
 4726  /*
 4727  ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
 4728  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4729  **
 4730  ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
 4731  ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
 4732  ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
 4733  ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
 4734  ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
 4735  ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
 4736  ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
 4737  ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
 4738  **
 4739  ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
 4740  ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
 4741  ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
 4742  ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
 4743  ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
 4744  */
 4745  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
 4746  
 4747  /*
 4748  ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
 4749  ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
 4750  **
 4751  ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
 4752  ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
 4753  ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
 4754  ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
 4755  **
 4756  ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
 4757  ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
 4758  ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 4759  ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
 4760  ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
 4761  ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
 4762  ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
 4763  **
 4764  ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
 4765  ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
 4766  ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
 4767  ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
 4768  ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
 4769  ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
 4770  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
 4771  ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
 4772  ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
 4773  ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
 4774  ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
 4775  ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
 4776  **
 4777  ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
 4778  ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 4779  ** ^The sqlite3_value objects returned by [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()]
 4780  ** are protected.
 4781  ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
 4782  ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
 4783  ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
 4784  ** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
 4785  ** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
 4786  ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
 4787  ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 4788  */
 4789  typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
 4790  
 4791  /*
 4792  ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
 4793  **
 4794  ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
 4795  ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
 4796  ** is always the first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
 4797  ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
 4798  ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
 4799  ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
 4800  ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
 4801  ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
 4802  */
 4803  typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
 4804  
 4805  /*
 4806  ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
 4807  ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
 4808  ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
 4809  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4810  **
 4811  ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
 4812  ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of the following
 4813  ** templates:
 4814  **
 4815  ** <ul>
 4816  ** <li>  ?
 4817  ** <li>  ?NNN
 4818  ** <li>  :VVV
 4819  ** <li>  @VVV
 4820  ** <li>  $VVV
 4821  ** </ul>
 4822  **
 4823  ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
 4824  ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
 4825  ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
 4826  ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
 4827  **
 4828  ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
 4829  ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
 4830  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
 4831  **
 4832  ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
 4833  ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
 4834  ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
 4835  ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
 4836  ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
 4837  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
 4838  ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
 4839  ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
 4840  ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
 4841  **
 4842  ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
 4843  ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
 4844  ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
 4845  ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
 4846  ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
 4847  ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
 4848  ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
 4849  ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
 4850  ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
 4851  ** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
 4852  ** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
 4853  ** otherwise.
 4854  **
 4855  ** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
 4856  ** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
 4857  ** found in the first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
 4858  ** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
 4859  ** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
 4860  ** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
 4861  ** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
 4862  ** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
 4863  ** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
 4864  **
 4865  ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
 4866  ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
 4867  ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
 4868  ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
 4869  ** is negative, then the length of the string is
 4870  ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
 4871  ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
 4872  ** the behavior is undefined.
 4873  ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
 4874  ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
 4875  ** that parameter must be the byte offset
 4876  ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
 4877  ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
 4878  ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
 4879  ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
 4880  ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
 4881  **
 4882  ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
 4883  ** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
 4884  ** These three options exist:
 4885  ** ^ (1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
 4886  ** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
 4887  ** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
 4888  ** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
 4889  ** ^ (2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passed to indicate that
 4890  ** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
 4891  ** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
 4892  ** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
 4893  ** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
 4894  ** ^ (3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
 4895  ** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
 4896  ** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
 4897  ** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
 4898  **
 4899  ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
 4900  ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
 4901  ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
 4902  ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
 4903  ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
 4904  ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
 4905  ** is undefined.
 4906  **
 4907  ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
 4908  ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
 4909  ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
 4910  ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
 4911  ** content is later written using
 4912  ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
 4913  ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 4914  **
 4915  ** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
 4916  ** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
 4917  ** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
 4918  ** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
 4919  ** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
 4920  ** P, even if the call to sqlite3_bind_pointer() fails.  Due to a
 4921  ** historical design quirk, results are undefined if D is
 4922  ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT. The T parameter should be a static string,
 4923  ** preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is
 4924  ** part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
 4925  **
 4926  ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
 4927  ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
 4928  ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
 4929  ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
 4930  ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
 4931  ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
 4932  **
 4933  ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
 4934  ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
 4935  **
 4936  ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
 4937  ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
 4938  ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
 4939  ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
 4940  ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
 4941  ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
 4942  ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
 4943  **
 4944  ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
 4945  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 4946  */
 4947  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
 4948  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
 4949                          void(*)(void*));
 4950  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
 4951  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
 4952  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
 4953  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
 4954  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
 4955  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
 4956  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
 4957                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 4958  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
 4959  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
 4960  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 4961  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
 4962  
 4963  /*
 4964  ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
 4965  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4966  **
 4967  ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
 4968  ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
 4969  ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
 4970  ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
 4971  ** to the parameters at a later time.
 4972  **
 4973  ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
 4974  ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
 4975  ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
 4976  ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
 4977  **
 4978  ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 4979  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
 4980  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 4981  */
 4982  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
 4983  
 4984  /*
 4985  ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
 4986  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 4987  **
 4988  ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
 4989  ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
 4990  ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 4991  ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
 4992  ** respectively.
 4993  ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
 4994  ** is included as part of the name.)^
 4995  ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
 4996  ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
 4997  **
 4998  ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
 4999  **
 5000  ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
 5001  ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
 5002  ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
 5003  ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
 5004  ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 5005  **
 5006  ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 5007  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
 5008  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
 5009  */
 5010  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
 5011  
 5012  /*
 5013  ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
 5014  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5015  **
 5016  ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
 5017  ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
 5018  ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
 5019  ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
 5020  ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
 5021  ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
 5022  ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 5023  **
 5024  ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 5025  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
 5026  ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
 5027  */
 5028  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
 5029  
 5030  /*
 5031  ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
 5032  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5033  **
 5034  ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
 5035  ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
 5036  ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
 5037  */
 5038  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
 5039  
 5040  /*
 5041  ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
 5042  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5043  **
 5044  ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
 5045  ** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
 5046  ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
 5047  ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
 5048  ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
 5049  ** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
 5050  ** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
 5051  **
 5052  ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
 5053  */
 5054  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 5055  
 5056  /*
 5057  ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
 5058  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5059  **
 5060  ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
 5061  ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
 5062  ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
 5063  ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
 5064  ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
 5065  ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
 5066  ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
 5067  **
 5068  ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
 5069  ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
 5070  ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
 5071  ** or until the next call to
 5072  ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
 5073  **
 5074  ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
 5075  ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
 5076  ** NULL pointer is returned.
 5077  **
 5078  ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
 5079  ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
 5080  ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
 5081  ** one release of SQLite to the next.
 5082  */
 5083  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 5084  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
 5085  
 5086  /*
 5087  ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
 5088  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5089  **
 5090  ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
 5091  ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in a
 5092  ** [SELECT] statement.
 5093  ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
 5094  ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
 5095  ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
 5096  ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
 5097  ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
 5098  ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
 5099  ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
 5100  ** or until the same information is requested
 5101  ** again in a different encoding.
 5102  **
 5103  ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
 5104  ** database, table, and column.
 5105  **
 5106  ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
 5107  ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
 5108  ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
 5109  ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
 5110  **
 5111  ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
 5112  ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
 5113  ** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
 5114  ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
 5115  ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
 5116  **
 5117  ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
 5118  ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
 5119  **
 5120  ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
 5121  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
 5122  **
 5123  ** If two or more threads call one or more
 5124  ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
 5125  ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
 5126  ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
 5127  */
 5128  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5129  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5130  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5131  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5132  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5133  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5134  
 5135  /*
 5136  ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
 5137  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5138  **
 5139  ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
 5140  ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
 5141  ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
 5142  ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
 5143  ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
 5144  ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
 5145  ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
 5146  **
 5147  ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
 5148  **
 5149  ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
 5150  **
 5151  ** and the following statement to be compiled:
 5152  **
 5153  ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
 5154  **
 5155  ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
 5156  ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
 5157  **
 5158  ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
 5159  ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
 5160  ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
 5161  ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
 5162  ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
 5163  ** used to hold those values.
 5164  */
 5165  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5166  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
 5167  
 5168  /*
 5169  ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
 5170  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5171  **
 5172  ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
 5173  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
 5174  ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
 5175  ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
 5176  ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
 5177  **
 5178  ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
 5179  ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
 5180  ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
 5181  ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
 5182  ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
 5183  ** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 5184  ** interface will continue to be supported.
 5185  **
 5186  ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
 5187  ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
 5188  ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
 5189  ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
 5190  **
 5191  ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
 5192  ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
 5193  ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
 5194  ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
 5195  ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
 5196  ** continuing.
 5197  **
 5198  ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
 5199  ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
 5200  ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
 5201  ** machine back to its initial state.
 5202  **
 5203  ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
 5204  ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
 5205  ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
 5206  ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
 5207  **
 5208  ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
 5209  ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
 5210  ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
 5211  ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
 5212  ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
 5213  ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
 5214  ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
 5215  ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
 5216  **
 5217  ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
 5218  ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
 5219  ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
 5220  ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
 5221  ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
 5222  ** more threads at the same moment in time.
 5223  **
 5224  ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
 5225  ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
 5226  ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
 5227  ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
 5228  ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
 5229  ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1]),
 5230  ** sqlite3_step() began
 5231  ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
 5232  ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
 5233  ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
 5234  ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
 5235  ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
 5236  **
 5237  ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
 5238  ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
 5239  ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
 5240  ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
 5241  ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 5242  ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 5243  ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
 5244  ** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
 5245  ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
 5246  ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
 5247  ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
 5248  ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
 5249  */
 5250  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 5251  
 5252  /*
 5253  ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
 5254  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5255  **
 5256  ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
 5257  ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
 5258  ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
 5259  ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
 5260  ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
 5261  ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
 5262  ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
 5263  ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
 5264  ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
 5265  ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
 5266  ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
 5267  ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
 5268  **
 5269  ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
 5270  */
 5271  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 5272  
 5273  /*
 5274  ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
 5275  ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
 5276  **
 5277  ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
 5278  **
 5279  ** <ul>
 5280  ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
 5281  ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
 5282  ** <li> string
 5283  ** <li> BLOB
 5284  ** <li> NULL
 5285  ** </ul>)^
 5286  **
 5287  ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
 5288  **
 5289  ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
 5290  ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
 5291  ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
 5292  ** SQLITE_TEXT.
 5293  */
 5294  #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
 5295  #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
 5296  #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
 5297  #define SQLITE_NULL     5
 5298  #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
 5299  # undef SQLITE_TEXT
 5300  #else
 5301  # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
 5302  #endif
 5303  #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
 5304  
 5305  /*
 5306  ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
 5307  ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 5308  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5309  **
 5310  ** <b>Summary:</b>
 5311  ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
 5312  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
 5313  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
 5314  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
 5315  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
 5316  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
 5317  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
 5318  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
 5319  ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
 5320  ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
 5321  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
 5322  ** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
 5323  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 5324  ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
 5325  ** TEXT in bytes
 5326  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
 5327  ** datatype of the result
 5328  ** </table></blockquote>
 5329  **
 5330  ** <b>Details:</b>
 5331  **
 5332  ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
 5333  ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
 5334  ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
 5335  ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
 5336  ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
 5337  ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
 5338  ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
 5339  ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
 5340  **
 5341  ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
 5342  ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
 5343  ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
 5344  ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
 5345  ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
 5346  ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
 5347  ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
 5348  ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
 5349  ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
 5350  ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 5351  ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 5352  **
 5353  ** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
 5354  ** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
 5355  ** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
 5356  ** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
 5357  ** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
 5358  **
 5359  ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 5360  ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 5361  ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
 5362  ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
 5363  ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
 5364  ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
 5365  ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
 5366  ** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
 5367  ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
 5368  ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 5369  ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
 5370  ** following a type conversion.
 5371  **
 5372  ** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 5373  ** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
 5374  ** of that BLOB or string.
 5375  **
 5376  ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 5377  ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 5378  ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
 5379  ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
 5380  ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
 5381  ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
 5382  ** the number of bytes in that string.
 5383  ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
 5384  **
 5385  ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
 5386  ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 5387  ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
 5388  ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
 5389  ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
 5390  ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
 5391  ** the number of bytes in that string.
 5392  ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
 5393  **
 5394  ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
 5395  ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
 5396  ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
 5397  ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
 5398  ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
 5399  **
 5400  ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
 5401  ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
 5402  ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
 5403  **
 5404  ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text16() always have the endianness
 5405  ** which is native to the platform, regardless of the text encoding set
 5406  ** for the database.
 5407  **
 5408  ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
 5409  ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
 5410  ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
 5411  ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
 5412  ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
 5413  ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
 5414  ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 5415  ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
 5416  ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
 5417  ** is normally only useful within the implementation of
 5418  ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
 5419  ** top-level application code.
 5420  **
 5421  ** These routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
 5422  ** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
 5423  ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
 5424  ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
 5425  ** that are applied:
 5426  **
 5427  ** <blockquote>
 5428  ** <table border="1">
 5429  ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
 5430  **
 5431  ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
 5432  ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
 5433  ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
 5434  ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
 5435  ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
 5436  ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
 5437  ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
 5438  ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
 5439  ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
 5440  ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
 5441  ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
 5442  ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
 5443  ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
 5444  ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
 5445  ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
 5446  ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> [CAST] to TEXT, ensure zero terminator
 5447  ** </table>
 5448  ** </blockquote>)^
 5449  **
 5450  ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
 5451  ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
 5452  ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
 5453  ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
 5454  ** in the following cases:
 5455  **
 5456  ** <ul>
 5457  ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
 5458  **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
 5459  **      need to be added to the string.</li>
 5460  ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
 5461  **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
 5462  **      to UTF-16.</li>
 5463  ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
 5464  **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
 5465  **      to UTF-8.</li>
 5466  ** </ul>
 5467  **
 5468  ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
 5469  ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
 5470  ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
 5471  ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
 5472  ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
 5473  **
 5474  ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
 5475  ** in one of the following ways:
 5476  **
 5477  ** <ul>
 5478  **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 5479  **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
 5480  **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
 5481  ** </ul>
 5482  **
 5483  ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
 5484  ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
 5485  ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
 5486  ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
 5487  ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
 5488  ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
 5489  ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
 5490  **
 5491  ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 5492  ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 5493  ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
 5494  ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
 5495  ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 5496  ** [sqlite3_free()].
 5497  **
 5498  ** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
 5499  ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
 5500  ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
 5501  ** errors:
 5502  **
 5503  ** <ul>
 5504  ** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
 5505  ** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
 5506  ** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
 5507  ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
 5508  ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
 5509  ** </ul>
 5510  **
 5511  ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
 5512  ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
 5513  ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
 5514  ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
 5515  ** return value is obtained and before any
 5516  ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
 5517  */
 5518  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5519  SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5520  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5521  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5522  SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5523  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5524  SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5525  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5526  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5527  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 5528  
 5529  /*
 5530  ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
 5531  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 5532  **
 5533  ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
 5534  ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
 5535  ** or if the statement has never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
 5536  ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
 5537  ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
 5538  ** [extended error code].
 5539  **
 5540  ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
 5541  ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
 5542  ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
 5543  ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
 5544  ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
 5545  ** completed execution.
 5546  **
 5547  ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
 5548  **
 5549  ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
 5550  ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
 5551  ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
 5552  ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
 5553  ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
 5554  */
 5555  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 5556  
 5557  /*
 5558  ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
 5559  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 5560  **
 5561  ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
 5562  ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
 5563  ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
 5564  ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
 5565  ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
 5566  **
 5567  ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
 5568  ** back to the beginning of its program.
 5569  **
 5570  ** ^The return code from [sqlite3_reset(S)] indicates whether or not
 5571  ** the previous evaluation of prepared statement S completed successfully.
 5572  ** ^If [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S or if
 5573  ** [sqlite3_step(S)] has not been called since the previous call
 5574  ** to [sqlite3_reset(S)], then [sqlite3_reset(S)] will return
 5575  ** [SQLITE_OK].
 5576  **
 5577  ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
 5578  ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
 5579  ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
 5580  ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface might also return an [error code]
 5581  ** if there were no prior errors but the process of resetting
 5582  ** the prepared statement caused a new error. ^For example, if an
 5583  ** [INSERT] statement with a [RETURNING] clause is only stepped one time,
 5584  ** that one call to [sqlite3_step(S)] might return SQLITE_ROW but
 5585  ** the overall statement might still fail and the [sqlite3_reset(S)] call
 5586  ** might return SQLITE_BUSY if locking constraints prevent the
 5587  ** database change from committing.  Therefore, it is important that
 5588  ** applications check the return code from [sqlite3_reset(S)] even if
 5589  ** no prior call to [sqlite3_step(S)] indicated a problem.
 5590  **
 5591  ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
 5592  ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
 5593  */
 5594  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 5595  
 5596  
 5597  /*
 5598  ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
 5599  ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
 5600  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 5601  **
 5602  ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
 5603  ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
 5604  ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
 5605  ** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
 5606  ** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
 5607  ** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
 5608  ** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
 5609  ** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
 5610  ** needed by [aggregate window functions].
 5611  **
 5612  ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
 5613  ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
 5614  ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
 5615  ** to each database connection separately.
 5616  **
 5617  ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
 5618  ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
 5619  ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
 5620  ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
 5621  ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
 5622  ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
 5623  **
 5624  ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
 5625  ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
 5626  ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
 5627  ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
 5628  ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
 5629  ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
 5630  ** undefined.
 5631  **
 5632  ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
 5633  ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
 5634  ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
 5635  ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
 5636  ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
 5637  ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
 5638  ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
 5639  ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
 5640  ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
 5641  ** each encoding.
 5642  ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
 5643  ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
 5644  **
 5645  ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
 5646  ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
 5647  ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
 5648  ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
 5649  ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
 5650  ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
 5651  ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
 5652  **
 5653  ** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
 5654  ** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
 5655  ** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
 5656  ** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
 5657  **
 5658  ** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
 5659  ** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
 5660  ** used inside of triggers, views, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
 5661  ** the database schema.  This flag is especially recommended for SQL
 5662  ** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
 5663  ** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
 5664  ** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
 5665  ** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
 5666  ** the database file is opened and read.
 5667  **
 5668  ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
 5669  ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
 5670  **
 5671  ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
 5672  ** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
 5673  ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
 5674  ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
 5675  ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
 5676  ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
 5677  ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
 5678  ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
 5679  ** callbacks.
 5680  **
 5681  ** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
 5682  ** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
 5683  ** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
 5684  ** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
 5685  ** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
 5686  ** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
 5687  ** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
 5688  ** of aggregate window functions are
 5689  ** [user-defined window functions|available here].
 5690  **
 5691  ** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
 5692  ** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is the destructor for
 5693  ** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
 5694  ** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
 5695  ** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
 5696  ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
 5697  ** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
 5698  ** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
 5699  **
 5700  ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
 5701  ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
 5702  ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
 5703  ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
 5704  ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
 5705  ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
 5706  ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
 5707  ** matches the database encoding is a better
 5708  ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
 5709  ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
 5710  ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
 5711  ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
 5712  **
 5713  ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
 5714  **
 5715  ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
 5716  ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
 5717  ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
 5718  ** statement in which the function is running.
 5719  */
 5720  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
 5721    sqlite3 *db,
 5722    const char *zFunctionName,
 5723    int nArg,
 5724    int eTextRep,
 5725    void *pApp,
 5726    void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5727    void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5728    void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
 5729  );
 5730  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
 5731    sqlite3 *db,
 5732    const void *zFunctionName,
 5733    int nArg,
 5734    int eTextRep,
 5735    void *pApp,
 5736    void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5737    void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5738    void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
 5739  );
 5740  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
 5741    sqlite3 *db,
 5742    const char *zFunctionName,
 5743    int nArg,
 5744    int eTextRep,
 5745    void *pApp,
 5746    void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5747    void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5748    void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
 5749    void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 5750  );
 5751  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
 5752    sqlite3 *db,
 5753    const char *zFunctionName,
 5754    int nArg,
 5755    int eTextRep,
 5756    void *pApp,
 5757    void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5758    void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
 5759    void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
 5760    void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 5761    void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 5762  );
 5763  
 5764  /*
 5765  ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
 5766  **
 5767  ** These constants define integer codes that represent the various
 5768  ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
 5769  */
 5770  #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
 5771  #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
 5772  #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
 5773  #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
 5774  #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
 5775  #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
 5776  
 5777  /*
 5778  ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
 5779  **
 5780  ** These constants may be ORed together with the
 5781  ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
 5782  ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
 5783  ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
 5784  **
 5785  ** <dl>
 5786  ** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
 5787  ** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
 5788  ** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
 5789  ** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
 5790  ** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
 5791  ** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
 5792  ** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
 5793  ** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
 5794  ** out of inner loops.
 5795  ** </dd>
 5796  **
 5797  ** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
 5798  ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
 5799  ** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
 5800  ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
 5801  ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
 5802  ** <p>
 5803  ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag is recommended for any
 5804  ** [application-defined SQL function]
 5805  ** that has side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive information.
 5806  ** This will prevent attacks in which an application is tricked
 5807  ** into using a database file that has had its schema surreptitiously
 5808  ** modified to invoke the application-defined function in ways that are
 5809  ** harmful.
 5810  ** <p>
 5811  ** Some people say it is good practice to set SQLITE_DIRECTONLY on all
 5812  ** [application-defined SQL functions], regardless of whether or not they
 5813  ** are security sensitive, as doing so prevents those functions from being used
 5814  ** inside of the database schema, and thus ensures that the database
 5815  ** can be inspected and modified using generic tools (such as the [CLI])
 5816  ** that do not have access to the application-defined functions.
 5817  ** </dd>
 5818  **
 5819  ** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
 5820  ** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
 5821  ** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
 5822  ** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
 5823  ** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
 5824  ** innocuous function.
 5825  ** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
 5826  ** side effects.
 5827  ** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
 5828  ** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
 5829  ** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
 5830  ** <p>Some heightened security settings
 5831  ** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
 5832  ** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
 5833  ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
 5834  ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
 5835  ** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
 5836  ** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
 5837  ** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
 5838  ** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
 5839  ** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
 5840  ** </dd>
 5841  **
 5842  ** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
 5843  ** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
 5844  ** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
 5845  ** This flag instructs SQLite to omit some corner-case optimizations that
 5846  ** might disrupt the operation of the [sqlite3_value_subtype()] function,
 5847  ** causing it to return zero rather than the correct subtype().
 5848  ** All SQL functions that invoke [sqlite3_value_subtype()] should have this
 5849  ** property.  If the SQLITE_SUBTYPE property is omitted, then the return
 5850  ** value from [sqlite3_value_subtype()] might sometimes be zero even though
 5851  ** a non-zero subtype was specified by the function argument expression.
 5852  **
 5853  ** [[SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
 5854  ** The SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
 5855  ** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] to cause a sub-type to be associated with its
 5856  ** result.
 5857  ** Every function that invokes [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should have this
 5858  ** property.  If it does not, then the call to [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 5859  ** might become a no-op if the function is used as a term in an
 5860  ** [expression index].  On the other hand, SQL functions that never invoke
 5861  ** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should avoid setting this property, as the
 5862  ** purpose of this property is to disable certain optimizations that are
 5863  ** incompatible with subtypes.
 5864  **
 5865  ** [[SQLITE_SELFORDER1]] <dt>SQLITE_SELFORDER1</dt><dd>
 5866  ** The SQLITE_SELFORDER1 flag indicates that the function is an aggregate
 5867  ** that internally orders the values provided to the first argument.  The
 5868  ** ordered-set aggregate SQL notation with a single ORDER BY term can be
 5869  ** used to invoke this function.  If the ordered-set aggregate notation is
 5870  ** used on a function that lacks this flag, then an error is raised. Note
 5871  ** that the ordered-set aggregate syntax is only available if SQLite is
 5872  ** built using the -DSQLITE_ENABLE_ORDERED_SET_AGGREGATES compile-time option.
 5873  ** </dd>
 5874  ** </dl>
 5875  */
 5876  #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
 5877  #define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
 5878  #define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
 5879  #define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
 5880  #define SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE   0x001000000
 5881  #define SQLITE_SELFORDER1       0x002000000
 5882  
 5883  /*
 5884  ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
 5885  ** DEPRECATED
 5886  **
 5887  ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
 5888  ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
 5889  ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
 5890  ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
 5891  ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
 5892  */
 5893  #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
 5894  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
 5895  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
 5896  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
 5897  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
 5898  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
 5899  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
 5900                        void*,sqlite3_int64);
 5901  #endif
 5902  
 5903  /*
 5904  ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
 5905  ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 5906  **
 5907  ** <b>Summary:</b>
 5908  ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
 5909  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
 5910  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
 5911  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
 5912  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
 5913  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
 5914  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
 5915  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
 5916  ** the native byteorder
 5917  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
 5918  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
 5919  ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
 5920  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
 5921  ** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
 5922  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 5923  ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
 5924  ** TEXT in bytes
 5925  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
 5926  ** datatype of the value
 5927  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 5928  ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
 5929  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 5930  ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
 5931  ** against a virtual table.
 5932  ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
 5933  ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
 5934  ** </table></blockquote>
 5935  **
 5936  ** <b>Details:</b>
 5937  **
 5938  ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
 5939  ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
 5940  ** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
 5941  ** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 5942  **
 5943  ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 5944  ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
 5945  ** is not threadsafe.
 5946  **
 5947  ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
 5948  ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
 5949  ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
 5950  **
 5951  ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
 5952  ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
 5953  ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 5954  ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 5955  **
 5956  ** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
 5957  ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
 5958  ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
 5959  ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
 5960  ** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
 5961  ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
 5962  **
 5963  ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
 5964  ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
 5965  ** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
 5966  ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
 5967  ** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
 5968  ** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
 5969  ** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
 5970  ** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
 5971  ** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
 5972  ** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
 5973  **
 5974  ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 5975  ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 5976  ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
 5977  ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
 5978  ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
 5979  ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
 5980  ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
 5981  **
 5982  ** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
 5983  ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
 5984  ** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
 5985  ** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
 5986  ** the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extract
 5987  ** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
 5988  ** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
 5989  ** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
 5990  ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
 5991  ** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
 5992  ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
 5993  ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
 5994  **
 5995  ** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
 5996  ** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
 5997  ** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
 5998  ** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
 5999  **
 6000  ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 6001  ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 6002  ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
 6003  ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 6004  ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
 6005  **
 6006  ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
 6007  ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 6008  **
 6009  ** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
 6010  ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
 6011  ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
 6012  ** errors:
 6013  **
 6014  ** <ul>
 6015  ** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
 6016  ** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
 6017  ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
 6018  ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
 6019  ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
 6020  ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
 6021  ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
 6022  ** </ul>
 6023  **
 6024  ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
 6025  ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
 6026  ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
 6027  ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
 6028  ** return value is obtained and before any
 6029  ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
 6030  */
 6031  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
 6032  SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
 6033  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
 6034  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
 6035  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
 6036  SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
 6037  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
 6038  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
 6039  SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
 6040  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
 6041  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 6042  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 6043  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
 6044  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
 6045  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
 6046  
 6047  /*
 6048  ** CAPI3REF: Report the internal text encoding state of an sqlite3_value object
 6049  ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 6050  **
 6051  ** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
 6052  ** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current text encoding
 6053  ** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
 6054  ** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
 6055  ** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
 6056  ** [sqlite3_value_text(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16be(X)],
 6057  ** [sqlite3_value_text16le(X)], [sqlite3_value_bytes(X)], or
 6058  ** [sqlite3_value_bytes16(X)] might change the encoding of the value X and
 6059  ** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
 6060  **
 6061  ** This routine is intended for used by applications that test and validate
 6062  ** the SQLite implementation.  This routine is inquiring about the opaque
 6063  ** internal state of an [sqlite3_value] object.  Ordinary applications should
 6064  ** not need to know what the internal state of an sqlite3_value object is and
 6065  ** hence should not need to use this interface.
 6066  */
 6067  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
 6068  
 6069  /*
 6070  ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
 6071  ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 6072  **
 6073  ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
 6074  ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
 6075  ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 6076  ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 6077  ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
 6078  **
 6079  ** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
 6080  ** should include the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property in the text
 6081  ** encoding argument when the function is [sqlite3_create_function|registered].
 6082  ** If the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property is omitted, then sqlite3_value_subtype()
 6083  ** might return zero instead of the upstream subtype in some corner cases.
 6084  */
 6085  SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 6086  
 6087  /*
 6088  ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
 6089  ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 6090  **
 6091  ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
 6092  ** object V and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
 6093  ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
 6094  ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
 6095  ** memory allocation fails. ^If V is a [pointer value], then the result
 6096  ** of sqlite3_value_dup(V) is a NULL value.
 6097  **
 6098  ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
 6099  ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
 6100  ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
 6101  */
 6102  SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
 6103  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
 6104  
 6105  /*
 6106  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
 6107  ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 6108  **
 6109  ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
 6110  ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
 6111  **
 6112  ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
 6113  ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
 6114  ** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
 6115  ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
 6116  ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
 6117  ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
 6118  ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
 6119  ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
 6120  ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
 6121  ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
 6122  ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
 6123  ** first time from within xFinal().)^
 6124  **
 6125  ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
 6126  ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
 6127  ** allocation error occurs.
 6128  **
 6129  ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
 6130  ** determined by the N parameter on the first successful call.  Changing the
 6131  ** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
 6132  ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
 6133  ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
 6134  ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
 6135  ** pointless memory allocations occur.
 6136  **
 6137  ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
 6138  ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
 6139  **
 6140  ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
 6141  ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
 6142  ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
 6143  ** function.
 6144  **
 6145  ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 6146  ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
 6147  */
 6148  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
 6149  
 6150  /*
 6151  ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
 6152  ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 6153  **
 6154  ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
 6155  ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
 6156  ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 6157  ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 6158  ** registered the application defined function.
 6159  **
 6160  ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
 6161  ** the application-defined function is running.
 6162  */
 6163  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
 6164  
 6165  /*
 6166  ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
 6167  ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 6168  **
 6169  ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
 6170  ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
 6171  ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
 6172  ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
 6173  ** registered the application defined function.
 6174  */
 6175  SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
 6176  
 6177  /*
 6178  ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
 6179  ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 6180  **
 6181  ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
 6182  ** associate auxiliary data with argument values. If the same argument
 6183  ** value is passed to multiple invocations of the same SQL function during
 6184  ** query execution, under some circumstances the associated auxiliary data
 6185  ** might be preserved.  An example of where this might be useful is in a
 6186  ** regular-expression matching function. The compiled version of the regular
 6187  ** expression can be stored as auxiliary data associated with the pattern string.
 6188  ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
 6189  ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
 6190  ** invocations of the same function.
 6191  **
 6192  ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the auxiliary data
 6193  ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
 6194  ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
 6195  ** function argument.  ^If there is no auxiliary data
 6196  ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
 6197  ** returns a NULL pointer.
 6198  **
 6199  ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as auxiliary data for the
 6200  ** N-th argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
 6201  ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
 6202  ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the auxiliary data is still valid or
 6203  ** NULL if the auxiliary data has been discarded.
 6204  ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
 6205  ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
 6206  ** once, when the auxiliary data is discarded.
 6207  ** SQLite is free to discard the auxiliary data at any time, including: <ul>
 6208  ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
 6209  ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
 6210  **      SQL statement)^, or
 6211  ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
 6212  **       parameter)^, or
 6213  ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
 6214  **      allocation error occurs.)^
 6215  ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call if the function
 6216  **      is evaluated during query planning instead of during query execution,
 6217  **      as sometimes happens with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].)^ </ul>
 6218  **
 6219  ** Note the last two bullets in particular.  The destructor X in
 6220  ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
 6221  ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
 6222  ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
 6223  ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
 6224  ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.  Furthermore, a call to
 6225  ** sqlite3_get_auxdata() that occurs immediately after a corresponding call
 6226  ** to sqlite3_set_auxdata() might still return NULL if an out-of-memory
 6227  ** condition occurred during the sqlite3_set_auxdata() call or if the
 6228  ** function is being evaluated during query planning rather than during
 6229  ** query execution.
 6230  **
 6231  ** ^(In practice, auxiliary data is preserved between function calls for
 6232  ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
 6233  ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
 6234  **
 6235  ** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
 6236  ** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
 6237  ** kinds of function caching behavior.
 6238  **
 6239  ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
 6240  ** the SQL function is running.
 6241  **
 6242  ** See also: [sqlite3_get_clientdata()] and [sqlite3_set_clientdata()].
 6243  */
 6244  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
 6245  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
 6246  
 6247  /*
 6248  ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Client Data
 6249  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6250  **
 6251  ** These functions are used to associate one or more named pointers
 6252  ** with a [database connection].
 6253  ** A call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) causes the pointer P
 6254  ** to be attached to [database connection] D using name N.  Subsequent
 6255  ** calls to sqlite3_get_clientdata(D,N) will return a copy of pointer P
 6256  ** or a NULL pointer if there were no prior calls to
 6257  ** sqlite3_set_clientdata() with the same values of D and N.
 6258  ** Names are compared using strcmp() and are thus case sensitive.
 6259  ** It returns 0 on success and SQLITE_NOMEM on allocation failure.
 6260  **
 6261  ** If P and X are both non-NULL, then the destructor X is invoked with
 6262  ** argument P on the first of the following occurrences:
 6263  ** <ul>
 6264  ** <li> An out-of-memory error occurs during the call to
 6265  **      sqlite3_set_clientdata() which attempts to register pointer P.
 6266  ** <li> A subsequent call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) is made
 6267  **      with the same D and N parameters.
 6268  ** <li> The database connection closes.  SQLite does not make any guarantees
 6269  **      about the order in which destructors are called, only that all
 6270  **      destructors will be called exactly once at some point during the
 6271  **      database connection closing process.
 6272  ** </ul>
 6273  **
 6274  ** SQLite does not do anything with client data other than invoke
 6275  ** destructors on the client data at the appropriate time.  The intended
 6276  ** use for client data is to provide a mechanism for wrapper libraries
 6277  ** to store additional information about an SQLite database connection.
 6278  **
 6279  ** There is no limit (other than available memory) on the number of different
 6280  ** client data pointers (with different names) that can be attached to a
 6281  ** single database connection.  However, the implementation is optimized
 6282  ** for the case of having only one or two different client data names.
 6283  ** Applications and wrapper libraries are discouraged from using more than
 6284  ** one client data name each.
 6285  **
 6286  ** There is no way to enumerate the client data pointers
 6287  ** associated with a database connection.  The N parameter can be thought
 6288  ** of as a secret key such that only code that knows the secret key is able
 6289  ** to access the associated data.
 6290  **
 6291  ** Security Warning:  These interfaces should not be exposed in scripting
 6292  ** languages or in other circumstances where it might be possible for an
 6293  ** attacker to invoke them.  Any agent that can invoke these interfaces
 6294  ** can probably also take control of the process.
 6295  **
 6296  ** Database connection client data is only available for SQLite
 6297  ** version 3.44.0 ([dateof:3.44.0]) and later.
 6298  **
 6299  ** See also: [sqlite3_set_auxdata()] and [sqlite3_get_auxdata()].
 6300  */
 6301  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3*,const char*);
 6302  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_clientdata(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
 6303  
 6304  /*
 6305  ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
 6306  **
 6307  ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
 6308  ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
 6309  ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
 6310  ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
 6311  ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
 6312  ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
 6313  ** the content before returning.
 6314  **
 6315  ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
 6316  ** C++ compilers.
 6317  */
 6318  typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
 6319  #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
 6320  #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
 6321  
 6322  /*
 6323  ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
 6324  ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 6325  **
 6326  ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
 6327  ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
 6328  ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
 6329  ** for additional information.
 6330  **
 6331  ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
 6332  ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
 6333  ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
 6334  **
 6335  ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
 6336  ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
 6337  ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
 6338  ** third parameter.
 6339  **
 6340  ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
 6341  ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
 6342  ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
 6343  **
 6344  ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
 6345  ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
 6346  ** by its 2nd argument.
 6347  **
 6348  ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
 6349  ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
 6350  ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
 6351  ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
 6352  ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
 6353  ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
 6354  ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
 6355  ** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
 6356  ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
 6357  ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
 6358  ** message all text up through the first zero character.
 6359  ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
 6360  ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
 6361  ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
 6362  ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
 6363  ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
 6364  ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
 6365  ** modify the text after they return without harm.
 6366  ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
 6367  ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
 6368  ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
 6369  ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
 6370  **
 6371  ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
 6372  ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
 6373  **
 6374  ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
 6375  ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
 6376  **
 6377  ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
 6378  ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
 6379  ** value given in the 2nd argument.
 6380  ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
 6381  ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
 6382  ** value given in the 2nd argument.
 6383  **
 6384  ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
 6385  ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
 6386  **
 6387  ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
 6388  ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
 6389  ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
 6390  ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
 6391  ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
 6392  ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
 6393  ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
 6394  ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
 6395  ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
 6396  ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
 6397  ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
 6398  ** ^If the 3rd parameter to any of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 6399  ** other than sqlite3_result_text64() is negative, then SQLite computes
 6400  ** the string length itself by searching the 2nd parameter for the first
 6401  ** zero character.
 6402  ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 6403  ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
 6404  ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
 6405  ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
 6406  ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
 6407  ** appear if the string were NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
 6408  ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
 6409  ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
 6410  ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
 6411  ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 6412  ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
 6413  ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
 6414  ** finished using that result.
 6415  ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
 6416  ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
 6417  ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
 6418  ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
 6419  ** when it has finished using that result.
 6420  ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 6421  ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
 6422  ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 6423  ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 6424  **
 6425  ** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
 6426  ** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
 6427  ** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
 6428  ** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
 6429  ** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
 6430  ** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
 6431  ** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
 6432  ** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
 6433  ** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
 6434  ** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
 6435  ** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
 6436  ** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
 6437  **
 6438  ** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
 6439  ** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
 6440  ** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
 6441  ** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
 6442  ** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
 6443  **
 6444  ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
 6445  ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
 6446  ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
 6447  ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
 6448  ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
 6449  ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
 6450  ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
 6451  ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 6452  ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 6453  **
 6454  ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
 6455  ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
 6456  ** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
 6457  ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
 6458  ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
 6459  ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
 6460  ** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
 6461  ** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
 6462  ** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
 6463  ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
 6464  **
 6465  ** If these routines are called from within a different thread
 6466  ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 6467  ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
 6468  */
 6469  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
 6470  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
 6471                             sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
 6472  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
 6473  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
 6474  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
 6475  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
 6476  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
 6477  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
 6478  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
 6479  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
 6480  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
 6481  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
 6482  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
 6483                             void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 6484  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
 6485  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 6486  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 6487  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
 6488  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
 6489  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 6490  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 6491  
 6492  
 6493  /*
 6494  ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
 6495  ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
 6496  **
 6497  ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
 6498  ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
 6499  ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
 6500  ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
 6501  ** higher order bits are discarded.
 6502  ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
 6503  ** in future releases of SQLite.
 6504  **
 6505  ** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
 6506  ** should include the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE] property in its
 6507  ** text encoding argument when the SQL function is
 6508  ** [sqlite3_create_function|registered].  If the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]
 6509  ** property is omitted from the function that invokes sqlite3_result_subtype(),
 6510  ** then in some cases the sqlite3_result_subtype() might fail to set
 6511  ** the result subtype.
 6512  **
 6513  ** If SQLite is compiled with -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1, then any
 6514  ** SQL function that invokes the sqlite3_result_subtype() interface
 6515  ** and that does not have the SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE property will raise
 6516  ** an error.  Future versions of SQLite might enable -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1
 6517  ** by default.
 6518  */
 6519  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
 6520  
 6521  /*
 6522  ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
 6523  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6524  **
 6525  ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
 6526  ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
 6527  **
 6528  ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
 6529  ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
 6530  ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
 6531  ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
 6532  ** considered to be the same name.
 6533  **
 6534  ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
 6535  ** <ul>
 6536  ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
 6537  ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
 6538  ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
 6539  ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
 6540  ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
 6541  ** </ul>)^
 6542  ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
 6543  ** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
 6544  ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
 6545  ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
 6546  ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
 6547  ** on an even byte address.
 6548  **
 6549  ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
 6550  ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
 6551  **
 6552  ** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
 6553  ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
 6554  ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
 6555  ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
 6556  ** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
 6557  ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
 6558  ** that collation is no longer usable.
 6559  **
 6560  ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
 6561  ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
 6562  ** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
 6563  ** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
 6564  ** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
 6565  ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
 6566  ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
 6567  ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
 6568  ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
 6569  ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
 6570  ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
 6571  ** strings A, B, and C:
 6572  **
 6573  ** <ol>
 6574  ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
 6575  ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
 6576  ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
 6577  ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
 6578  ** </ol>
 6579  **
 6580  ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
 6581  ** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
 6582  ** is undefined.
 6583  **
 6584  ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
 6585  ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
 6586  ** the collating function is deleted.
 6587  ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
 6588  ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
 6589  ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
 6590  **
 6591  ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
 6592  ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
 6593  ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
 6594  ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
 6595  ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
 6596  ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
 6597  ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
 6598  ** compatibility.
 6599  **
 6600  ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
 6601  */
 6602  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
 6603    sqlite3*,
 6604    const char *zName,
 6605    int eTextRep,
 6606    void *pArg,
 6607    int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 6608  );
 6609  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
 6610    sqlite3*,
 6611    const char *zName,
 6612    int eTextRep,
 6613    void *pArg,
 6614    int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
 6615    void(*xDestroy)(void*)
 6616  );
 6617  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
 6618    sqlite3*,
 6619    const void *zName,
 6620    int eTextRep,
 6621    void *pArg,
 6622    int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
 6623  );
 6624  
 6625  /*
 6626  ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
 6627  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6628  **
 6629  ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
 6630  ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
 6631  ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
 6632  ** sequence is required.
 6633  **
 6634  ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
 6635  ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
 6636  ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
 6637  ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
 6638  ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
 6639  **
 6640  ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
 6641  ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
 6642  ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
 6643  ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
 6644  ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
 6645  ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
 6646  ** required collation sequence.)^
 6647  **
 6648  ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
 6649  ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
 6650  ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
 6651  */
 6652  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
 6653    sqlite3*,
 6654    void*,
 6655    void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
 6656  );
 6657  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
 6658    sqlite3*,
 6659    void*,
 6660    void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
 6661  );
 6662  
 6663  #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
 6664  /*
 6665  ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
 6666  ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
 6667  */
 6668  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
 6669    const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
 6670  );
 6671  #endif
 6672  
 6673  /*
 6674  ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
 6675  **
 6676  ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
 6677  ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
 6678  **
 6679  ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
 6680  ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
 6681  ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
 6682  ** requested from the operating system is returned.
 6683  **
 6684  ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
 6685  ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
 6686  ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
 6687  ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
 6688  ** in the previous paragraphs.
 6689  **
 6690  ** If a negative argument is passed to sqlite3_sleep() the results vary by
 6691  ** VFS and operating system.  Some system treat a negative argument as an
 6692  ** instruction to sleep forever.  Others understand it to mean do not sleep
 6693  ** at all. ^In SQLite version 3.42.0 and later, a negative
 6694  ** argument passed into sqlite3_sleep() is changed to zero before it is relayed
 6695  ** down into the xSleep method of the VFS.
 6696  */
 6697  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
 6698  
 6699  /*
 6700  ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
 6701  **
 6702  ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
 6703  ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
 6704  ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
 6705  ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
 6706  ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
 6707  ** temporary file directory.
 6708  **
 6709  ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
 6710  ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
 6711  ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
 6712  ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
 6713  ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
 6714  ** be avoided in new projects.
 6715  **
 6716  ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
 6717  ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
 6718  ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
 6719  ** thread.
 6720  ** It is intended that this variable be set once
 6721  ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
 6722  ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
 6723  ** thereafter.
 6724  **
 6725  ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 6726  ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 6727  ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
 6728  ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
 6729  ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 6730  ** using [sqlite3_free].
 6731  ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
 6732  ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
 6733  ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
 6734  ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
 6735  ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
 6736  ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
 6737  ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
 6738  ** objects have been destroyed.
 6739  **
 6740  ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
 6741  ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
 6742  ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
 6743  ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
 6744  **
 6745  ** <blockquote><pre>
 6746  ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
 6747  ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
 6748  ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
 6749  ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
 6750  ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
 6751  ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
 6752  ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
 6753  ** </pre></blockquote>
 6754  */
 6755  SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
 6756  
 6757  /*
 6758  ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
 6759  **
 6760  ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
 6761  ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
 6762  ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
 6763  ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
 6764  ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
 6765  ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
 6766  ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
 6767  ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
 6768  ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
 6769  **
 6770  ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
 6771  ** open can result in a corrupt database.
 6772  **
 6773  ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
 6774  ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
 6775  ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
 6776  ** thread.
 6777  ** It is intended that this variable be set once
 6778  ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
 6779  ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
 6780  ** thereafter.
 6781  **
 6782  ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
 6783  ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
 6784  ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
 6785  ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
 6786  ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
 6787  ** using [sqlite3_free].
 6788  ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
 6789  ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
 6790  ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
 6791  */
 6792  SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
 6793  
 6794  /*
 6795  ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
 6796  **
 6797  ** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
 6798  ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
 6799  ** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
 6800  ** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
 6801  ** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
 6802  ** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
 6803  ** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
 6804  ** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
 6805  ** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
 6806  ** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
 6807  ** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
 6808  ** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
 6809  ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
 6810  ** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
 6811  ** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
 6812  */
 6813  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
 6814    unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
 6815    void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
 6816  );
 6817  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
 6818  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
 6819  
 6820  /*
 6821  ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
 6822  **
 6823  ** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
 6824  ** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
 6825  */
 6826  #define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
 6827  #define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
 6828  
 6829  /*
 6830  ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
 6831  ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
 6832  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6833  **
 6834  ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
 6835  ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
 6836  ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
 6837  ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
 6838  ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
 6839  **
 6840  ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
 6841  ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
 6842  ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
 6843  ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
 6844  ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
 6845  ** an error is to use this function.
 6846  **
 6847  ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
 6848  ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
 6849  ** is undefined.
 6850  */
 6851  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
 6852  
 6853  /*
 6854  ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
 6855  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 6856  **
 6857  ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
 6858  ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
 6859  ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
 6860  ** that was the first argument
 6861  ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
 6862  ** create the statement in the first place.
 6863  */
 6864  SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
 6865  
 6866  /*
 6867  ** CAPI3REF: Return The Schema Name For A Database Connection
 6868  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6869  **
 6870  ** ^The sqlite3_db_name(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the schema name
 6871  ** for the N-th database on database connection D, or a NULL pointer if N is
 6872  ** out of range.  An N value of 0 means the main database file.  An N of 1 is
 6873  ** the "temp" schema.  Larger values of N correspond to various ATTACH-ed
 6874  ** databases.
 6875  **
 6876  ** Space to hold the string that is returned by sqlite3_db_name() is managed
 6877  ** by SQLite itself.  The string might be deallocated by any operation that
 6878  ** changes the schema, including [ATTACH] or [DETACH] or calls to
 6879  ** [sqlite3_serialize()] or [sqlite3_deserialize()], even operations that
 6880  ** occur on a different thread.  Applications that need to
 6881  ** remember the string long-term should make their own copy.  Applications that
 6882  ** are accessing the same database connection simultaneously on multiple
 6883  ** threads should mutex-protect calls to this API and should make their own
 6884  ** private copy of the result prior to releasing the mutex.
 6885  */
 6886  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_name(sqlite3 *db, int N);
 6887  
 6888  /*
 6889  ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
 6890  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6891  **
 6892  ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
 6893  ** associated with database N of connection D.
 6894  ** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
 6895  ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
 6896  ** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
 6897  **
 6898  ** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
 6899  ** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
 6900  ** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
 6901  **
 6902  ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
 6903  ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
 6904  ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
 6905  ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
 6906  **
 6907  ** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
 6908  ** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
 6909  ** <ul>
 6910  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
 6911  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
 6912  ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
 6913  ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
 6914  ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
 6915  ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
 6916  ** </ul>
 6917  */
 6918  SQLITE_API sqlite3_filename sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 6919  
 6920  /*
 6921  ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
 6922  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6923  **
 6924  ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
 6925  ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
 6926  ** the name of a database on connection D.
 6927  */
 6928  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
 6929  
 6930  /*
 6931  ** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
 6932  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6933  **
 6934  ** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
 6935  ** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
 6936  ** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
 6937  ** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
 6938  ** <ol>
 6939  ** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
 6940  ** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
 6941  ** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
 6942  ** </ol>
 6943  ** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
 6944  ** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
 6945  */
 6946  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
 6947  
 6948  /*
 6949  ** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from sqlite3_txn_state()
 6950  ** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
 6951  **
 6952  ** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
 6953  ** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
 6954  ** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
 6955  ** in [database connection] D.
 6956  **
 6957  ** <dl>
 6958  ** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
 6959  ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
 6960  ** pending.</dd>
 6961  **
 6962  ** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
 6963  ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
 6964  ** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
 6965  ** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
 6966  ** will be advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
 6967  ** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
 6968  ** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
 6969  ** [COMMIT].</dd>
 6970  **
 6971  ** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
 6972  ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
 6973  ** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
 6974  ** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
 6975  ** SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
 6976  */
 6977  #define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
 6978  #define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
 6979  #define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
 6980  
 6981  /*
 6982  ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
 6983  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 6984  **
 6985  ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
 6986  ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
 6987  ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
 6988  ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
 6989  ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
 6990  **
 6991  ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
 6992  ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
 6993  ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
 6994  */
 6995  SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
 6996  
 6997  /*
 6998  ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
 6999  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7000  **
 7001  ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
 7002  ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
 7003  ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
 7004  ** for the same database connection is overridden.
 7005  ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
 7006  ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
 7007  ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
 7008  ** for the same database connection is overridden.
 7009  ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
 7010  ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
 7011  ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
 7012  **
 7013  ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
 7014  ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
 7015  ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
 7016  ** the first call for each function on D.
 7017  **
 7018  ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
 7019  ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
 7020  ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
 7021  ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
 7022  ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
 7023  ** or rollback hook in the first place.
 7024  ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
 7025  ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
 7026  ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 7027  **
 7028  ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
 7029  **
 7030  ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
 7031  ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
 7032  ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
 7033  ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
 7034  ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
 7035  **
 7036  ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
 7037  ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
 7038  ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
 7039  ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
 7040  ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
 7041  **
 7042  ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
 7043  */
 7044  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
 7045  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
 7046  
 7047  /*
 7048  ** CAPI3REF: Autovacuum Compaction Amount Callback
 7049  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7050  **
 7051  ** ^The sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) interface registers a callback
 7052  ** function C that is invoked prior to each autovacuum of the database
 7053  ** file.  ^The callback is passed a copy of the generic data pointer (P),
 7054  ** the schema-name of the attached database that is being autovacuumed,
 7055  ** the size of the database file in pages, the number of free pages,
 7056  ** and the number of bytes per page, respectively.  The callback should
 7057  ** return the number of free pages that should be removed by the
 7058  ** autovacuum.  ^If the callback returns zero, then no autovacuum happens.
 7059  ** ^If the value returned is greater than or equal to the number of
 7060  ** free pages, then a complete autovacuum happens.
 7061  **
 7062  ** <p>^If there are multiple ATTACH-ed database files that are being
 7063  ** modified as part of a transaction commit, then the autovacuum pages
 7064  ** callback is invoked separately for each file.
 7065  **
 7066  ** <p><b>The callback is not reentrant.</b> The callback function should
 7067  ** not attempt to invoke any other SQLite interface.  If it does, bad
 7068  ** things may happen, including segmentation faults and corrupt database
 7069  ** files.  The callback function should be a simple function that
 7070  ** does some arithmetic on its input parameters and returns a result.
 7071  **
 7072  ** ^The X parameter to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is an optional
 7073  ** destructor for the P parameter.  ^If X is not NULL, then X(P) is
 7074  ** invoked whenever the database connection closes or when the callback
 7075  ** is overwritten by another invocation of sqlite3_autovacuum_pages().
 7076  **
 7077  ** <p>^There is only one autovacuum pages callback per database connection.
 7078  ** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
 7079  ** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
 7080  ** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
 7081  ** then the autovacuum steps callback is canceled.  The return value
 7082  ** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
 7083  ** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
 7084  ** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
 7085  ** return codes might be added in future releases.
 7086  **
 7087  ** <p>If no autovacuum pages callback is specified (the usual case) or
 7088  ** a NULL pointer is provided for the callback,
 7089  ** then the default behavior is to vacuum all free pages.  So, in other
 7090  ** words, the default behavior is the same as if the callback function
 7091  ** were something like this:
 7092  **
 7093  ** <blockquote><pre>
 7094  ** &nbsp;   unsigned int demonstration_autovac_pages_callback(
 7095  ** &nbsp;     void *pClientData,
 7096  ** &nbsp;     const char *zSchema,
 7097  ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nDbPage,
 7098  ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nFreePage,
 7099  ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nBytePerPage
 7100  ** &nbsp;   ){
 7101  ** &nbsp;     return nFreePage;
 7102  ** &nbsp;   }
 7103  ** </pre></blockquote>
 7104  */
 7105  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
 7106    sqlite3 *db,
 7107    unsigned int(*)(void*,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
 7108    void*,
 7109    void(*)(void*)
 7110  );
 7111  
 7112  
 7113  /*
 7114  ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
 7115  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7116  **
 7117  ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
 7118  ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
 7119  ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
 7120  ** a [rowid table].
 7121  ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
 7122  ** for the same database connection is overridden.
 7123  **
 7124  ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
 7125  ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
 7126  ** ^The update hook is disabled by invoking sqlite3_update_hook()
 7127  ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
 7128  ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
 7129  ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
 7130  ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
 7131  ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
 7132  ** to be invoked.
 7133  ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
 7134  ** database and table name containing the affected row.
 7135  ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
 7136  ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
 7137  **
 7138  ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
 7139  ** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
 7140  ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
 7141  **
 7142  ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
 7143  ** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
 7144  ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
 7145  ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
 7146  ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
 7147  ** release of SQLite.
 7148  **
 7149  ** Whether the update hook is invoked before or after the
 7150  ** corresponding change is currently unspecified and may differ
 7151  ** depending on the type of change. Do not rely on the order of the
 7152  ** hook call with regards to the final result of the operation which
 7153  ** triggers the hook.
 7154  **
 7155  ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
 7156  ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
 7157  ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
 7158  ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
 7159  ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
 7160  ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
 7161  **
 7162  ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
 7163  ** returns the P argument from the previous call
 7164  ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
 7165  ** the first call on D.
 7166  **
 7167  ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
 7168  ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
 7169  */
 7170  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
 7171    sqlite3*,
 7172    void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
 7173    void*
 7174  );
 7175  
 7176  /*
 7177  ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
 7178  **
 7179  ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
 7180  ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
 7181  ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
 7182  ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
 7183  **
 7184  ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with
 7185  ** [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE].  The [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE]
 7186  ** compile-time option is recommended because the
 7187  ** [use of shared cache mode is discouraged].
 7188  **
 7189  ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
 7190  ** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
 7191  ** In prior versions of SQLite,
 7192  ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
 7193  **
 7194  ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
 7195  ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
 7196  ** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
 7197  ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
 7198  **
 7199  ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
 7200  ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
 7201  **
 7202  ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
 7203  ** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
 7204  ** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
 7205  ** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
 7206  ** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
 7207  ** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
 7208  ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
 7209  **
 7210  ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
 7211  ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
 7212  ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
 7213  ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
 7214  **
 7215  ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
 7216  ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
 7217  **
 7218  ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
 7219  */
 7220  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
 7221  
 7222  /*
 7223  ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
 7224  **
 7225  ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
 7226  ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
 7227  ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
 7228  ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
 7229  ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
 7230  ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
 7231  ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
 7232  ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
 7233  **
 7234  ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
 7235  */
 7236  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
 7237  
 7238  /*
 7239  ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
 7240  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7241  **
 7242  ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
 7243  ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
 7244  ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
 7245  ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
 7246  ** omitted.
 7247  **
 7248  ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
 7249  */
 7250  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
 7251  
 7252  /*
 7253  ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
 7254  **
 7255  ** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
 7256  ** used by all database connections within a single process.
 7257  **
 7258  ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
 7259  ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
 7260  ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
 7261  ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
 7262  ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
 7263  ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
 7264  ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
 7265  ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
 7266  ** is advisory only.
 7267  **
 7268  ** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
 7269  ** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
 7270  ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
 7271  ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
 7272  ** when the hard heap limit is reached.
 7273  **
 7274  ** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
 7275  ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
 7276  ** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
 7277  ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
 7278  ** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
 7279  ** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
 7280  ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
 7281  **
 7282  ** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
 7283  **
 7284  ** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
 7285  ** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
 7286  ** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
 7287  ** the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
 7288  ** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
 7289  ** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
 7290  ** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
 7291  ** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
 7292  ** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
 7293  ** hard heap limit.
 7294  **
 7295  ** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
 7296  ** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
 7297  **
 7298  ** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
 7299  ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
 7300  **
 7301  ** <ul>
 7302  ** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
 7303  ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
 7304  **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
 7305  **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
 7306  ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
 7307  **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
 7308  ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
 7309  **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
 7310  **      from the heap.
 7311  ** </ul>)^
 7312  **
 7313  ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
 7314  ** change in future releases of SQLite.
 7315  */
 7316  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
 7317  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
 7318  
 7319  /*
 7320  ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
 7321  ** DEPRECATED
 7322  **
 7323  ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
 7324  ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
 7325  ** only.  All new applications should use the
 7326  ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
 7327  */
 7328  SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
 7329  
 7330  
 7331  /*
 7332  ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
 7333  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7334  **
 7335  ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
 7336  ** information about column C of table T in database D
 7337  ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
 7338  ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
 7339  ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
 7340  ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
 7341  ** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
 7342  ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 7343  ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 7344  ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
 7345  ** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
 7346  ** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
 7347  ** undefined behavior.
 7348  **
 7349  ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 7350  ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
 7351  ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
 7352  ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
 7353  ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
 7354  ** resolve unqualified table references.
 7355  **
 7356  ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
 7357  ** name of the desired column, respectively.
 7358  **
 7359  ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
 7360  ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
 7361  ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
 7362  **
 7363  ** ^(<blockquote>
 7364  ** <table border="1">
 7365  ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
 7366  **
 7367  ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
 7368  ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
 7369  ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
 7370  ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
 7371  ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
 7372  ** </table>
 7373  ** </blockquote>)^
 7374  **
 7375  ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
 7376  ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
 7377  ** call to any SQLite API function.
 7378  **
 7379  ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
 7380  **
 7381  ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
 7382  ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
 7383  ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
 7384  ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
 7385  ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
 7386  ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
 7387  **
 7388  ** <pre>
 7389  **     data type: "INTEGER"
 7390  **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
 7391  **     not null: 0
 7392  **     primary key: 1
 7393  **     auto increment: 0
 7394  ** </pre>)^
 7395  **
 7396  ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
 7397  ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
 7398  ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
 7399  */
 7400  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
 7401    sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
 7402    const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
 7403    const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
 7404    const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
 7405    char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
 7406    char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
 7407    int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
 7408    int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
 7409    int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
 7410  );
 7411  
 7412  /*
 7413  ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
 7414  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7415  **
 7416  ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
 7417  **
 7418  ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
 7419  ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
 7420  ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
 7421  ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
 7422  ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
 7423  ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
 7424  ** be tried also.
 7425  **
 7426  ** ^The entry point is zProc.
 7427  ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
 7428  ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
 7429  ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where
 7430  ** X consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
 7431  ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
 7432  ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
 7433  ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
 7434  ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
 7435  ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
 7436  ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
 7437  ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
 7438  ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
 7439  ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
 7440  **
 7441  ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
 7442  ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
 7443  ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
 7444  ** prior to calling this API,
 7445  ** otherwise an error will be returned.
 7446  **
 7447  ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
 7448  ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
 7449  ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
 7450  ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
 7451  ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
 7452  ** access to extension loading capabilities.
 7453  **
 7454  ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
 7455  */
 7456  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
 7457    sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
 7458    const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
 7459    const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
 7460    char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
 7461  );
 7462  
 7463  /*
 7464  ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
 7465  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7466  **
 7467  ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
 7468  ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
 7469  ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
 7470  ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
 7471  **
 7472  ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
 7473  ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
 7474  ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
 7475  ** it back off again.
 7476  **
 7477  ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
 7478  ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
 7479  ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
 7480  ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
 7481  **
 7482  ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
 7483  ** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
 7484  ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
 7485  ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
 7486  ** access to extension loading capabilities.
 7487  */
 7488  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
 7489  
 7490  /*
 7491  ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
 7492  **
 7493  ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
 7494  ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
 7495  ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
 7496  ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
 7497  **
 7498  ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
 7499  ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
 7500  ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
 7501  ** entry point were as follows:
 7502  **
 7503  ** <blockquote><pre>
 7504  ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
 7505  ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
 7506  ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
 7507  ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
 7508  ** &nbsp;  );
 7509  ** </pre></blockquote>)^
 7510  **
 7511  ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
 7512  ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
 7513  ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
 7514  ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
 7515  ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
 7516  ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
 7517  ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
 7518  **
 7519  ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
 7520  ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
 7521  ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
 7522  **
 7523  ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
 7524  ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
 7525  */
 7526  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
 7527  
 7528  /*
 7529  ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
 7530  **
 7531  ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
 7532  ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
 7533  ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
 7534  ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
 7535  ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
 7536  ** routines.
 7537  */
 7538  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
 7539  
 7540  /*
 7541  ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
 7542  **
 7543  ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
 7544  ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
 7545  */
 7546  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
 7547  
 7548  /*
 7549  ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
 7550  */
 7551  typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
 7552  typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
 7553  typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
 7554  typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
 7555  
 7556  /*
 7557  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
 7558  ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
 7559  **
 7560  ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
 7561  ** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
 7562  ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
 7563  **
 7564  ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
 7565  ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
 7566  ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
 7567  ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
 7568  ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
 7569  ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
 7570  ** any database connection.
 7571  */
 7572  struct sqlite3_module {
 7573    int iVersion;
 7574    int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
 7575                 int argc, const char *const*argv,
 7576                 sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
 7577    int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
 7578                 int argc, const char *const*argv,
 7579                 sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
 7580    int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
 7581    int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 7582    int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 7583    int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
 7584    int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
 7585    int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
 7586                  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
 7587    int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
 7588    int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
 7589    int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
 7590    int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
 7591    int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
 7592    int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 7593    int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 7594    int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 7595    int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
 7596    int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
 7597                         void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
 7598                         void **ppArg);
 7599    int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
 7600    /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
 7601    ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
 7602    int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
 7603    int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
 7604    int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
 7605    /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
 7606    ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
 7607    int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
 7608    /* The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_module object.
 7609    ** Those below are for version 4 and greater. */
 7610    int (*xIntegrity)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, const char *zSchema,
 7611                      const char *zTabName, int mFlags, char **pzErr);
 7612  };
 7613  
 7614  /*
 7615  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
 7616  ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
 7617  **
 7618  ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
 7619  ** of the [virtual table] interface to
 7620  ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
 7621  ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
 7622  ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
 7623  ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
 7624  **
 7625  ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
 7626  **
 7627  ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
 7628  **
 7629  ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
 7630  ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
 7631  ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
 7632  ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
 7633  ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
 7634  ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
 7635  ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
 7636  **
 7637  ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
 7638  ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
 7639  ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
 7640  ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
 7641  ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
 7642  **
 7643  ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
 7644  ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
 7645  **
 7646  ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
 7647  ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
 7648  ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
 7649  ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
 7650  ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
 7651  ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
 7652  ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
 7653  ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
 7654  ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
 7655  ** non-zero.
 7656  **
 7657  ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
 7658  ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
 7659  ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
 7660  ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
 7661  ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
 7662  ** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
 7663  ** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
 7664  ** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
 7665  ** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is changed to true, then
 7666  ** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
 7667  ** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
 7668  ** not be checked again using byte code.)^
 7669  **
 7670  ** ^The idxNum and idxStr values are recorded and passed into the
 7671  ** [xFilter] method.
 7672  ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxStr if and only if
 7673  ** needToFreeIdxStr is true.
 7674  **
 7675  ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
 7676  ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
 7677  ** sorting step is required.
 7678  **
 7679  ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
 7680  ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
 7681  ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
 7682  ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
 7683  ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
 7684  **
 7685  ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
 7686  ** will be returned by the strategy.
 7687  **
 7688  ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
 7689  ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. One such flag is
 7690  ** [SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_HEX], which if set causes the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
 7691  ** output to show the idxNum as hex instead of as decimal.  Another flag is
 7692  ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE, which if set indicates that the query plan will
 7693  ** return at most one row.
 7694  **
 7695  ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
 7696  ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
 7697  ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
 7698  ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
 7699  ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
 7700  ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
 7701  ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
 7702  ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
 7703  ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
 7704  **
 7705  ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
 7706  ** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
 7707  ** If a virtual table extension is
 7708  ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
 7709  ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
 7710  ** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
 7711  ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
 7712  ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
 7713  ** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
 7714  ** It may therefore only be used if
 7715  ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
 7716  ** 3009000.
 7717  */
 7718  struct sqlite3_index_info {
 7719    /* Inputs */
 7720    int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
 7721    struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
 7722       int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
 7723       unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
 7724       unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
 7725       int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
 7726    } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
 7727    int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
 7728    struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
 7729       int iColumn;              /* Column number */
 7730       unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
 7731    } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
 7732    /* Outputs */
 7733    struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
 7734      int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
 7735      unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
 7736    } *aConstraintUsage;
 7737    int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
 7738    char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
 7739    int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
 7740    int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
 7741    double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
 7742    /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
 7743    sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
 7744    /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
 7745    int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
 7746    /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
 7747    sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
 7748  };
 7749  
 7750  /*
 7751  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
 7752  **
 7753  ** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
 7754  ** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
 7755  ** these bits.
 7756  */
 7757  #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE 0x00000001 /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
 7758  #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_HEX    0x00000002 /* Display idxNum as hex */
 7759                                              /* in EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
 7760  
 7761  /*
 7762  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
 7763  **
 7764  ** These macros define the allowed values for the
 7765  ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
 7766  ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the WHERE clause of
 7767  ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
 7768  **
 7769  ** ^The left-hand operand of the operator is given by the corresponding
 7770  ** aConstraint[].iColumn field.  ^An iColumn of -1 indicates the left-hand
 7771  ** operand is the rowid.
 7772  ** The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
 7773  ** operators have no left-hand operand, and so for those operators the
 7774  ** corresponding aConstraint[].iColumn is meaningless and should not be
 7775  ** used.
 7776  **
 7777  ** All operator values from SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION through
 7778  ** value 255 are reserved to represent functions that are overloaded
 7779  ** by the [xFindFunction|xFindFunction method] of the virtual table
 7780  ** implementation.
 7781  **
 7782  ** The right-hand operands for each constraint might be accessible using
 7783  ** the [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()] interface.  Usually the right-hand
 7784  ** operand is only available if it appears as a single constant literal
 7785  ** in the input SQL.  If the right-hand operand is another column or an
 7786  ** expression (even a constant expression) or a parameter, then the
 7787  ** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() probably will not be able to extract it.
 7788  ** ^The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL and
 7789  ** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL operators have no right-hand operand
 7790  ** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
 7791  ** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
 7792  **
 7793  ** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
 7794  ** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
 7795  ** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
 7796  ** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
 7797  ** interface is not commonly needed.
 7798  */
 7799  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
 7800  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
 7801  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
 7802  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
 7803  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
 7804  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64
 7805  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE       65
 7806  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB       66
 7807  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP     67
 7808  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE         68
 7809  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT      69
 7810  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL  70
 7811  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL     71
 7812  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS         72
 7813  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT      73
 7814  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET     74
 7815  #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION  150
 7816  
 7817  /*
 7818  ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
 7819  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7820  **
 7821  ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
 7822  ** ^Module names must be registered before
 7823  ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
 7824  ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
 7825  **
 7826  ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
 7827  ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
 7828  ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
 7829  ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
 7830  ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
 7831  ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
 7832  ** when a new virtual table is being created or reinitialized.
 7833  **
 7834  ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
 7835  ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
 7836  ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
 7837  ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
 7838  ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
 7839  ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
 7840  ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
 7841  ** destructor.
 7842  **
 7843  ** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
 7844  ** NULL then no new module is created and any existing modules with the
 7845  ** same name are dropped.
 7846  **
 7847  ** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
 7848  */
 7849  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
 7850    sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
 7851    const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
 7852    const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
 7853    void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
 7854  );
 7855  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
 7856    sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
 7857    const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
 7858    const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
 7859    void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
 7860    void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
 7861  );
 7862  
 7863  /*
 7864  ** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
 7865  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7866  **
 7867  ** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
 7868  ** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
 7869  ** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
 7870  ** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
 7871  ** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
 7872  **
 7873  ** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
 7874  */
 7875  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(
 7876    sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
 7877    const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
 7878  );
 7879  
 7880  /*
 7881  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
 7882  ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
 7883  **
 7884  ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
 7885  ** of this object to describe a particular instance
 7886  ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
 7887  ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
 7888  ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
 7889  ** common to all module implementations.
 7890  **
 7891  ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
 7892  ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
 7893  ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
 7894  ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
 7895  ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
 7896  ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
 7897  */
 7898  struct sqlite3_vtab {
 7899    const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
 7900    int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
 7901    char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
 7902    /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
 7903  };
 7904  
 7905  /*
 7906  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
 7907  ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
 7908  **
 7909  ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
 7910  ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
 7911  ** [virtual table] and are used
 7912  ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
 7913  ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
 7914  ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
 7915  ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
 7916  ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
 7917  ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
 7918  **
 7919  ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
 7920  ** are common to all implementations.
 7921  */
 7922  struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
 7923    sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
 7924    /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
 7925  };
 7926  
 7927  /*
 7928  ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
 7929  **
 7930  ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
 7931  ** [virtual table module] call this interface
 7932  ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
 7933  ** the virtual tables they implement.
 7934  */
 7935  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
 7936  
 7937  /*
 7938  ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
 7939  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7940  **
 7941  ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
 7942  ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
 7943  ** But global versions of those functions
 7944  ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
 7945  **
 7946  ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
 7947  ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
 7948  ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
 7949  ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
 7950  ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
 7951  ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
 7952  ** by a [virtual table].
 7953  */
 7954  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
 7955  
 7956  /*
 7957  ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
 7958  ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
 7959  **
 7960  ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
 7961  ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
 7962  ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
 7963  ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
 7964  ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
 7965  ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
 7966  ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
 7967  */
 7968  typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
 7969  
 7970  /*
 7971  ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
 7972  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 7973  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
 7974  **
 7975  ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
 7976  ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
 7977  ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
 7978  **
 7979  ** <pre>
 7980  **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
 7981  ** </pre>)^
 7982  **
 7983  ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
 7984  ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
 7985  ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
 7986  ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
 7987  ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
 7988  **
 7989  ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
 7990  ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
 7991  ** read-only access.
 7992  **
 7993  ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
 7994  ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
 7995  ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
 7996  ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
 7997  ** on *ppBlob after this function returns.
 7998  **
 7999  ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
 8000  ** <ul>
 8001  **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
 8002  **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
 8003  **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
 8004  **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
 8005  **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
 8006  **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
 8007  **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
 8008  **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
 8009  **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
 8010  **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
 8011  **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
 8012  **         being opened for read/write access)^.
 8013  ** </ul>
 8014  **
 8015  ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
 8016  ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
 8017  ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
 8018  **
 8019  ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
 8020  ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
 8021  ** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
 8022  ** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
 8023  ** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
 8024  ** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
 8025  **
 8026  ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
 8027  ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
 8028  ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
 8029  ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
 8030  ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
 8031  ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
 8032  ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
 8033  ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
 8034  ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
 8035  ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
 8036  **
 8037  ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
 8038  ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
 8039  ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
 8040  ** blob.
 8041  **
 8042  ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
 8043  ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
 8044  ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
 8045  **
 8046  ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
 8047  ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
 8048  **
 8049  ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
 8050  ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
 8051  ** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
 8052  */
 8053  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
 8054    sqlite3*,
 8055    const char *zDb,
 8056    const char *zTable,
 8057    const char *zColumn,
 8058    sqlite3_int64 iRow,
 8059    int flags,
 8060    sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
 8061  );
 8062  
 8063  /*
 8064  ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
 8065  ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 8066  **
 8067  ** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
 8068  ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
 8069  ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
 8070  ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
 8071  ** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
 8072  ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
 8073  **
 8074  ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
 8075  ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
 8076  ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
 8077  ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
 8078  ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
 8079  ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
 8080  ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
 8081  ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
 8082  ** always returns zero.
 8083  **
 8084  ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
 8085  */
 8086  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
 8087  
 8088  /*
 8089  ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
 8090  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
 8091  **
 8092  ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
 8093  ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
 8094  ** handle is still closed.)^
 8095  **
 8096  ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
 8097  ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
 8098  ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
 8099  ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
 8100  ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
 8101  **
 8102  ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
 8103  ** open blob handle results in undefined behavior. ^Calling this routine
 8104  ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
 8105  ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
 8106  ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
 8107  ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
 8108  */
 8109  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
 8110  
 8111  /*
 8112  ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
 8113  ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 8114  **
 8115  ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
 8116  ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
 8117  ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwrite existing
 8118  ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
 8119  **
 8120  ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
 8121  ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
 8122  ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
 8123  ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
 8124  */
 8125  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
 8126  
 8127  /*
 8128  ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
 8129  ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 8130  **
 8131  ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
 8132  ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
 8133  ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
 8134  **
 8135  ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
 8136  ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
 8137  ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
 8138  ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
 8139  ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
 8140  **
 8141  ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
 8142  ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
 8143  **
 8144  ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
 8145  ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
 8146  **
 8147  ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
 8148  ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
 8149  ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
 8150  ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
 8151  **
 8152  ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
 8153  */
 8154  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
 8155  
 8156  /*
 8157  ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
 8158  ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
 8159  **
 8160  ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
 8161  ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
 8162  ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
 8163  **
 8164  ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
 8165  ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
 8166  ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
 8167  ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
 8168  ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
 8169  **
 8170  ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
 8171  ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
 8172  ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
 8173  **
 8174  ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
 8175  ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
 8176  ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
 8177  ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
 8178  ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
 8179  ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
 8180  ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
 8181  **
 8182  ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
 8183  ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
 8184  ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
 8185  ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
 8186  ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
 8187  ** or by other independent statements.
 8188  **
 8189  ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
 8190  ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
 8191  ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
 8192  ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
 8193  **
 8194  ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
 8195  */
 8196  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
 8197  
 8198  /*
 8199  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
 8200  **
 8201  ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
 8202  ** that SQLite uses to interact
 8203  ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
 8204  ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
 8205  ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
 8206  ** The following interfaces are provided.
 8207  **
 8208  ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
 8209  ** ^Names are case sensitive.
 8210  ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
 8211  ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
 8212  ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
 8213  **
 8214  ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
 8215  ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
 8216  ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
 8217  ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
 8218  ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
 8219  ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
 8220  ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
 8221  ** then the behavior is undefined.
 8222  **
 8223  ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
 8224  ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
 8225  ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
 8226  */
 8227  SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
 8228  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
 8229  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 8230  
 8231  /*
 8232  ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
 8233  **
 8234  ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
 8235  ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
 8236  ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
 8237  ** permitted to use any of these routines.
 8238  **
 8239  ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
 8240  ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
 8241  ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
 8242  ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
 8243  **
 8244  ** <ul>
 8245  ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
 8246  ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
 8247  ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
 8248  ** </ul>
 8249  **
 8250  ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
 8251  ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
 8252  ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
 8253  ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
 8254  ** and Windows.
 8255  **
 8256  ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
 8257  ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
 8258  ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
 8259  ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
 8260  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
 8261  ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
 8262  ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
 8263  **
 8264  ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
 8265  ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 8266  ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
 8267  ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must be one of these
 8268  ** integer constants:
 8269  **
 8270  ** <ul>
 8271  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 8272  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 8273  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
 8274  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
 8275  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 8276  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 8277  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
 8278  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
 8279  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
 8280  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
 8281  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
 8282  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
 8283  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
 8284  ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
 8285  ** </ul>
 8286  **
 8287  ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
 8288  ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
 8289  ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 8290  ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
 8291  ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
 8292  ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
 8293  ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
 8294  ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
 8295  ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
 8296  ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
 8297  **
 8298  ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
 8299  ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
 8300  ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
 8301  ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
 8302  ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
 8303  ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
 8304  ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
 8305  ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
 8306  **
 8307  ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
 8308  ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
 8309  ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
 8310  ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
 8311  ** the same type number.
 8312  **
 8313  ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
 8314  ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
 8315  ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
 8316  **
 8317  ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
 8318  ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
 8319  ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
 8320  ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
 8321  ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
 8322  ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
 8323  ** In such cases, the
 8324  ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
 8325  ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
 8326  ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
 8327  **
 8328  ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
 8329  ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
 8330  ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. In most cases the SQLite core only uses
 8331  ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization, so this is acceptable
 8332  ** behavior. The exceptions are unix builds that set the
 8333  ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT build option. In that case a working
 8334  ** sqlite3_mutex_try() is required.)^
 8335  **
 8336  ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
 8337  ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
 8338  ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
 8339  ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
 8340  **
 8341  ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(),
 8342  ** sqlite3_mutex_leave(), or sqlite3_mutex_free() is a NULL pointer,
 8343  ** then any of the four routines behaves as a no-op.
 8344  **
 8345  ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
 8346  */
 8347  SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
 8348  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
 8349  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
 8350  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
 8351  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
 8352  
 8353  /*
 8354  ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
 8355  **
 8356  ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
 8357  ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
 8358  **
 8359  ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
 8360  ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
 8361  ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
 8362  ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
 8363  ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
 8364  ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
 8365  ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
 8366  ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
 8367  ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
 8368  **
 8369  ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
 8370  ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
 8371  ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
 8372  ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
 8373  **
 8374  ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
 8375  ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
 8376  ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
 8377  ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
 8378  ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
 8379  ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
 8380  **
 8381  ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
 8382  ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
 8383  ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
 8384  **
 8385  ** <ul>
 8386  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
 8387  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
 8388  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
 8389  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
 8390  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
 8391  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
 8392  **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
 8393  ** </ul>)^
 8394  **
 8395  ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
 8396  ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
 8397  ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
 8398  ** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
 8399  ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
 8400  ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
 8401  ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
 8402  **
 8403  ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
 8404  ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
 8405  ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
 8406  ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
 8407  **
 8408  ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
 8409  ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
 8410  ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
 8411  ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
 8412  **
 8413  ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
 8414  ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
 8415  ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
 8416  ** prior to returning.
 8417  */
 8418  typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
 8419  struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
 8420    int (*xMutexInit)(void);
 8421    int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
 8422    sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
 8423    void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 8424    void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 8425    int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 8426    void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 8427    int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 8428    int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
 8429  };
 8430  
 8431  /*
 8432  ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
 8433  **
 8434  ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
 8435  ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
 8436  ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
 8437  ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
 8438  ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
 8439  ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
 8440  ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
 8441  ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
 8442  **
 8443  ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
 8444  ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
 8445  **
 8446  ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
 8447  ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
 8448  ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
 8449  ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
 8450  **
 8451  ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
 8452  ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
 8453  ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
 8454  ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
 8455  ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
 8456  ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
 8457  ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
 8458  ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
 8459  */
 8460  #ifndef NDEBUG
 8461  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
 8462  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 8463  #endif
 8464  
 8465  /*
 8466  ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
 8467  **
 8468  ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
 8469  ** which is one of these integer constants.
 8470  **
 8471  ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
 8472  ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
 8473  ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
 8474  */
 8475  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
 8476  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
 8477  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
 8478  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
 8479  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
 8480  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
 8481  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
 8482  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
 8483  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
 8484  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
 8485  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
 8486  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
 8487  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
 8488  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
 8489  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
 8490  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
 8491  
 8492  /* Legacy compatibility: */
 8493  #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
 8494  
 8495  
 8496  /*
 8497  ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
 8498  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 8499  **
 8500  ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
 8501  ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
 8502  ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
 8503  ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
 8504  ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
 8505  */
 8506  SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
 8507  
 8508  /*
 8509  ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
 8510  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 8511  ** KEYWORDS: {file control}
 8512  **
 8513  ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
 8514  ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
 8515  ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
 8516  ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
 8517  ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
 8518  ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
 8519  ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
 8520  ** main database file.
 8521  ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
 8522  ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
 8523  ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
 8524  ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 8525  **
 8526  ** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
 8527  ** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
 8528  ** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 8529  ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 8530  ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
 8531  ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
 8532  ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
 8533  ** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
 8534  ** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
 8535  ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
 8536  ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
 8537  ** from the pager.
 8538  **
 8539  ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
 8540  ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
 8541  ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
 8542  ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
 8543  ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
 8544  ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 8545  ** xFileControl method.
 8546  **
 8547  ** See also: [file control opcodes]
 8548  */
 8549  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
 8550  
 8551  /*
 8552  ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
 8553  **
 8554  ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
 8555  ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
 8556  ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
 8557  ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
 8558  **
 8559  ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
 8560  ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
 8561  ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
 8562  **
 8563  ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
 8564  ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
 8565  ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
 8566  ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
 8567  */
 8568  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 8569  
 8570  /*
 8571  ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
 8572  **
 8573  ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
 8574  ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
 8575  **
 8576  ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
 8577  ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
 8578  ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
 8579  ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
 8580  */
 8581  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
 8582  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
 8583  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
 8584  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
 8585  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION             7
 8586  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
 8587  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
 8588  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
 8589  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
 8590  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
 8591  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
 8592  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
 8593  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK          14
 8594  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 8595  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
 8596  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_GETOPT                  16
 8597  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
 8598  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
 8599  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 8600  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 8601  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
 8602  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
 8603  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
 8604  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
 8605  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
 8606  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 8607  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
 8608  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
 8609  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
 8610  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
 8611  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
 8612  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
 8613  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
 8614  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
 8615  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST                  33
 8616  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE           34  /* NOT USED */
 8617  #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    34  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 8618  
 8619  /*
 8620  ** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
 8621  **
 8622  ** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
 8623  ** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can use these routines to determine
 8624  ** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
 8625  ** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
 8626  **
 8627  ** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
 8628  ** keywords understood by SQLite.
 8629  **
 8630  ** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the 0-based N-th keyword and
 8631  ** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
 8632  ** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
 8633  ** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
 8634  ** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
 8635  ** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
 8636  ** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
 8637  **
 8638  ** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
 8639  ** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
 8640  ** if it is and zero if not.
 8641  **
 8642  ** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
 8643  ** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
 8644  ** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
 8645  ** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
 8646  ** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
 8647  ** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
 8648  ** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
 8649  ** name collisions include:
 8650  ** <ul>
 8651  ** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
 8652  **      SQL way to escape identifier names.
 8653  ** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
 8654  **      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
 8655  **      technique.
 8656  ** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
 8657  **      with "Z".
 8658  ** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
 8659  ** </ul>
 8660  **
 8661  ** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
 8662  ** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
 8663  ** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
 8664  ** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
 8665  */
 8666  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
 8667  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
 8668  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
 8669  
 8670  /*
 8671  ** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
 8672  ** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
 8673  **
 8674  ** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
 8675  ** string under construction.
 8676  **
 8677  ** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
 8678  ** <ol>
 8679  ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
 8680  ** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
 8681  ** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
 8682  ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
 8683  ** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
 8684  ** </ol>
 8685  */
 8686  typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
 8687  
 8688  /*
 8689  ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
 8690  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
 8691  **
 8692  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
 8693  ** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
 8694  ** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
 8695  ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
 8696  **
 8697  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
 8698  ** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
 8699  ** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
 8700  ** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
 8701  ** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
 8702  ** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
 8703  ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
 8704  ** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
 8705  ** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
 8706  **
 8707  ** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
 8708  ** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
 8709  ** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
 8710  ** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
 8711  ** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
 8712  */
 8713  SQLITE_API sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
 8714  
 8715  /*
 8716  ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
 8717  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
 8718  **
 8719  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
 8720  ** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
 8721  ** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
 8722  ** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
 8723  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
 8724  ** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
 8725  ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
 8726  ** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
 8727  */
 8728  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
 8729  
 8730  /*
 8731  ** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
 8732  ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
 8733  **
 8734  ** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
 8735  ** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
 8736  **
 8737  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
 8738  ** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
 8739  ** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
 8740  ** [sqlite3_str] object X.
 8741  **
 8742  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
 8743  ** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
 8744  ** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
 8745  ** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
 8746  ** method instead.
 8747  **
 8748  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
 8749  ** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
 8750  **
 8751  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
 8752  ** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
 8753  ** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
 8754  **
 8755  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
 8756  ** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
 8757  **
 8758  ** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
 8759  ** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
 8760  ** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
 8761  */
 8762  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
 8763  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
 8764  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
 8765  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
 8766  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
 8767  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
 8768  
 8769  /*
 8770  ** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
 8771  ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
 8772  **
 8773  ** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
 8774  **
 8775  ** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
 8776  ** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
 8777  ** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
 8778  ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
 8779  ** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
 8780  ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
 8781  **
 8782  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
 8783  ** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
 8784  ** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
 8785  ** zero-termination byte.
 8786  **
 8787  ** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
 8788  ** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
 8789  ** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
 8790  ** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
 8791  ** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not use the pointer returned by
 8792  ** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
 8793  ** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
 8794  ** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
 8795  ** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
 8796  ** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
 8797  */
 8798  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
 8799  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
 8800  SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
 8801  
 8802  /*
 8803  ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
 8804  **
 8805  ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
 8806  ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
 8807  ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
 8808  ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
 8809  ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
 8810  ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
 8811  ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
 8812  ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
 8813  ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
 8814  ** value.  For those parameters
 8815  ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
 8816  ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
 8817  ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
 8818  **
 8819  ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
 8820  ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
 8821  **
 8822  ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
 8823  ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
 8824  ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
 8825  **
 8826  ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
 8827  */
 8828  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
 8829  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
 8830    int op,
 8831    sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
 8832    sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
 8833    int resetFlag
 8834  );
 8835  
 8836  
 8837  /*
 8838  ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
 8839  ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
 8840  **
 8841  ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
 8842  ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
 8843  **
 8844  ** <dl>
 8845  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
 8846  ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
 8847  ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
 8848  ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
 8849  ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
 8850  ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
 8851  ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
 8852  ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
 8853  **
 8854  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
 8855  ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 8856  ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
 8857  ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
 8858  ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
 8859  ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 8860  **
 8861  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
 8862  ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
 8863  ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
 8864  **
 8865  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
 8866  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
 8867  ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
 8868  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
 8869  ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
 8870  **
 8871  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
 8872  ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
 8873  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
 8874  ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
 8875  ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
 8876  ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
 8877  ** were too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
 8878  ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
 8879  ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
 8880  **
 8881  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
 8882  ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
 8883  ** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
 8884  ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
 8885  ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 8886  **
 8887  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
 8888  ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 8889  **
 8890  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
 8891  ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 8892  **
 8893  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
 8894  ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 8895  **
 8896  ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
 8897  ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
 8898  ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
 8899  ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
 8900  ** </dl>
 8901  **
 8902  ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
 8903  */
 8904  #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
 8905  #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
 8906  #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
 8907  #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
 8908  #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
 8909  #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 8910  #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 8911  #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
 8912  #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
 8913  #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 8914  
 8915  /*
 8916  ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
 8917  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 8918  **
 8919  ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
 8920  ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
 8921  ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
 8922  ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
 8923  ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
 8924  ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
 8925  ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
 8926  ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
 8927  **
 8928  ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
 8929  ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
 8930  ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
 8931  ** reset back down to the current value.
 8932  **
 8933  ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
 8934  ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
 8935  **
 8936  ** ^The sqlite3_db_status64(D,O,C,H,R) routine works exactly the same
 8937  ** way as sqlite3_db_status(D,O,C,H,R) routine except that the C and H
 8938  ** parameters are pointer to 64-bit integers (type: sqlite3_int64) instead
 8939  ** of pointers to 32-bit integers, which allows larger status values
 8940  ** to be returned.  If a status value exceeds 2,147,483,647 then
 8941  ** sqlite3_db_status() will truncate the value whereas sqlite3_db_status64()
 8942  ** will return the full value.
 8943  **
 8944  ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
 8945  */
 8946  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
 8947  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status64(sqlite3*,int,sqlite3_int64*,sqlite3_int64*,int);
 8948  
 8949  /*
 8950  ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
 8951  ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
 8952  **
 8953  ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
 8954  ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
 8955  **
 8956  ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
 8957  ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
 8958  ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
 8959  ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
 8960  ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
 8961  **
 8962  ** <dl>
 8963  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
 8964  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
 8965  ** checked out.</dd>)^
 8966  **
 8967  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
 8968  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
 8969  ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 8970  ** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
 8971  **
 8972  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
 8973  ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
 8974  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that might have
 8975  ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
 8976  ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
 8977  ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 8978  ** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
 8979  **
 8980  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
 8981  ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
 8982  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that might have
 8983  ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
 8984  ** memory already being in use.
 8985  ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
 8986  ** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
 8987  **
 8988  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
 8989  ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 8990  ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
 8991  ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
 8992  ** </dd>
 8993  **
 8994  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
 8995  ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
 8996  ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
 8997  ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
 8998  ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
 8999  ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
 9000  ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
 9001  ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more of the pager caches are
 9002  ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
 9003  ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
 9004  ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.</dd>
 9005  **
 9006  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
 9007  ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 9008  ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
 9009  ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
 9010  ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
 9011  ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
 9012  ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
 9013  ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
 9014  ** </dd>
 9015  **
 9016  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
 9017  ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
 9018  ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
 9019  ** the database connection.)^
 9020  ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
 9021  ** </dd>
 9022  **
 9023  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
 9024  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
 9025  ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
 9026  ** is always 0.
 9027  ** </dd>
 9028  **
 9029  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
 9030  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
 9031  ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
 9032  ** is always 0.
 9033  ** </dd>
 9034  **
 9035  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
 9036  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
 9037  ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
 9038  ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
 9039  ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
 9040  ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
 9041  ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
 9042  ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
 9043  ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
 9044  ** <p>
 9045  ** ^(There is overlap between the quantities measured by this parameter
 9046  ** (SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE) and SQLITE_DBSTATUS_TEMPBUF_SPILL.
 9047  ** Resetting one will reduce the other.)^
 9048  ** </dd>
 9049  **
 9050  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
 9051  ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
 9052  ** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
 9053  ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
 9054  ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
 9055  ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used to help identify
 9056  ** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
 9057  ** </dd>
 9058  **
 9059  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
 9060  ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
 9061  ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
 9062  ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
 9063  **
 9064  ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_TEMPBUF_SPILL] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_TEMPBUF_SPILL</dt>
 9065  ** <dd>^(This parameter returns the number of bytes written to temporary
 9066  ** files on disk that could have been kept in memory had sufficient memory
 9067  ** been available.  This value includes writes to intermediate tables that
 9068  ** are part of complex queries, external sorts that spill to disk, and
 9069  ** writes to TEMP tables.)^
 9070  ** ^The highwater mark is always 0.
 9071  ** <p>
 9072  ** ^(There is overlap between the quantities measured by this parameter
 9073  ** (SQLITE_DBSTATUS_TEMPBUF_SPILL) and SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE.
 9074  ** Resetting one will reduce the other.)^
 9075  ** </dd>
 9076  ** </dl>
 9077  */
 9078  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
 9079  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
 9080  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
 9081  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
 9082  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
 9083  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
 9084  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
 9085  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
 9086  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
 9087  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
 9088  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
 9089  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
 9090  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
 9091  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_TEMPBUF_SPILL       13
 9092  #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 13   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
 9093  
 9094  
 9095  /*
 9096  ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
 9097  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 9098  **
 9099  ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
 9100  ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
 9101  ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
 9102  ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
 9103  ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
 9104  ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
 9105  ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
 9106  ** an index.
 9107  **
 9108  ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
 9109  ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
 9110  ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
 9111  ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
 9112  ** to be interrogated.)^
 9113  ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
 9114  ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
 9115  ** interface call returns.
 9116  **
 9117  ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
 9118  */
 9119  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
 9120  
 9121  /*
 9122  ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
 9123  ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
 9124  **
 9125  ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
 9126  ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
 9127  ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
 9128  **
 9129  ** <dl>
 9130  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
 9131  ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
 9132  ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
 9133  ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
 9134  ** careful use of indices.</dd>
 9135  **
 9136  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
 9137  ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
 9138  ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
 9139  ** improve performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
 9140  **
 9141  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
 9142  ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
 9143  ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
 9144  ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
 9145  ** improve performance by adding permanent indices that do not
 9146  ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
 9147  **
 9148  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
 9149  ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
 9150  ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
 9151  ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
 9152  ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 9153  ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 9154  ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.</dd>
 9155  **
 9156  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
 9157  ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
 9158  ** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
 9159  ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.</dd>
 9160  **
 9161  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
 9162  ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
 9163  ** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
 9164  ** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
 9165  ** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
 9166  ** cycle.</dd>
 9167  **
 9168  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
 9169  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
 9170  ** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
 9171  ** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
 9172  ** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
 9173  ** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
 9174  ** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
 9175  ** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
 9176  ** had to be processed as normal.</dd>
 9177  **
 9178  ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
 9179  ** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
 9180  ** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
 9181  ** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
 9182  ** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
 9183  ** </dd>
 9184  ** </dl>
 9185  */
 9186  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
 9187  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
 9188  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
 9189  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
 9190  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
 9191  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
 9192  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS       7
 9193  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT        8
 9194  #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
 9195  
 9196  /*
 9197  ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
 9198  **
 9199  ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
 9200  ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
 9201  ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
 9202  ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
 9203  ** to the object.
 9204  **
 9205  ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
 9206  */
 9207  typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
 9208  
 9209  /*
 9210  ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
 9211  **
 9212  ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
 9213  ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
 9214  ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
 9215  ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
 9216  **
 9217  ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
 9218  */
 9219  typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
 9220  struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
 9221    void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
 9222    void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
 9223  };
 9224  
 9225  /*
 9226  ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
 9227  ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
 9228  **
 9229  ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
 9230  ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
 9231  ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
 9232  ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
 9233  ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
 9234  ** By implementing a
 9235  ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
 9236  ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
 9237  ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
 9238  ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
 9239  ** how long.
 9240  **
 9241  ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
 9242  ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
 9243  ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
 9244  **
 9245  ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
 9246  ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
 9247  ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
 9248  ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
 9249  **
 9250  ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
 9251  ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
 9252  ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
 9253  ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
 9254  ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
 9255  ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
 9256  ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
 9257  ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
 9258  ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
 9259  ** page cache.)^
 9260  **
 9261  ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
 9262  ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
 9263  ** It can be used to clean up
 9264  ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
 9265  ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
 9266  **
 9267  ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
 9268  ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
 9269  ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
 9270  ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
 9271  ** in multithreaded applications.
 9272  **
 9273  ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
 9274  ** call to xShutdown().
 9275  **
 9276  ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
 9277  ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
 9278  ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
 9279  ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
 9280  ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
 9281  ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always be a power of two.  ^The
 9282  ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
 9283  ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will be
 9284  ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
 9285  ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
 9286  ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
 9287  ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
 9288  ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
 9289  ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
 9290  ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
 9291  ** does not have to do anything special based upon the value of bPurgeable;
 9292  ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
 9293  ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
 9294  ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
 9295  ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
 9296  ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable set to false will
 9297  ** never contain any unpinned pages.
 9298  **
 9299  ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
 9300  ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
 9301  ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored) for the cache
 9302  ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
 9303  ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
 9304  ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
 9305  ** value; it is advisory only.
 9306  **
 9307  ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
 9308  ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
 9309  ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
 9310  **
 9311  ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
 9312  ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
 9313  ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
 9314  ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
 9315  ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
 9316  ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
 9317  ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
 9318  ** for each entry in the page cache.
 9319  **
 9320  ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
 9321  ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
 9322  ** to be "pinned".
 9323  **
 9324  ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
 9325  ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
 9326  ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
 9327  ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
 9328  ** parameter to help it determine what action to take:
 9329  **
 9330  ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
 9331  ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
 9332  ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
 9333  ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it is easy and convenient to do so.
 9334  **                 Otherwise return NULL.
 9335  ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
 9336  **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
 9337  ** </table>
 9338  **
 9339  ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
 9340  ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
 9341  ** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
 9342  ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
 9343  ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
 9344  **
 9345  ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
 9346  ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
 9347  ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
 9348  ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
 9349  ** ^If the discard parameter is
 9350  ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of the
 9351  ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
 9352  ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
 9353  **
 9354  ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
 9355  ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
 9356  ** to xFetch().
 9357  **
 9358  ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
 9359  ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
 9360  ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
 9361  ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
 9362  ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
 9363  ** to be pinned.
 9364  **
 9365  ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
 9366  ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
 9367  ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
 9368  ** of these pages are pinned, they become implicitly unpinned, meaning that
 9369  ** they can be safely discarded.
 9370  **
 9371  ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
 9372  ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
 9373  ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
 9374  ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
 9375  ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
 9376  ** functions.
 9377  **
 9378  ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
 9379  ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
 9380  ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
 9381  ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
 9382  ** do their best.
 9383  */
 9384  typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
 9385  struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
 9386    int iVersion;
 9387    void *pArg;
 9388    int (*xInit)(void*);
 9389    void (*xShutdown)(void*);
 9390    sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
 9391    void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
 9392    int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 9393    sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
 9394    void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
 9395    void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
 9396        unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
 9397    void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
 9398    void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 9399    void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 9400  };
 9401  
 9402  /*
 9403  ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
 9404  ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
 9405  ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
 9406  */
 9407  typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
 9408  struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
 9409    void *pArg;
 9410    int (*xInit)(void*);
 9411    void (*xShutdown)(void*);
 9412    sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
 9413    void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
 9414    int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 9415    void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
 9416    void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
 9417    void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
 9418    void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
 9419    void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
 9420  };
 9421  
 9422  
 9423  /*
 9424  ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
 9425  **
 9426  ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
 9427  ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
 9428  ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
 9429  ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
 9430  **
 9431  ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
 9432  */
 9433  typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
 9434  
 9435  /*
 9436  ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
 9437  **
 9438  ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
 9439  ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
 9440  ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
 9441  **
 9442  ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
 9443  **
 9444  ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
 9445  ** for the duration of the backup operation.
 9446  ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
 9447  ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
 9448  ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
 9449  ** preventing other database connections from
 9450  ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
 9451  **
 9452  ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
 9453  **   <ol>
 9454  **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
 9455  **         backup,
 9456  **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
 9457  **         the data between the two databases, and finally
 9458  **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
 9459  **         associated with the backup operation.
 9460  **   </ol>)^
 9461  ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
 9462  ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
 9463  **
 9464  ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
 9465  **
 9466  ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
 9467  ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
 9468  ** and the database name, respectively.
 9469  ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
 9470  ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
 9471  ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
 9472  ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
 9473  ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
 9474  ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
 9475  ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
 9476  ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
 9477  ** an error.
 9478  **
 9479  ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
 9480  ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
 9481  ** destination database.
 9482  **
 9483  ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
 9484  ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
 9485  ** destination [database connection] D.
 9486  ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
 9487  ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
 9488  ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
 9489  ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
 9490  ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
 9491  ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
 9492  ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
 9493  ** operation.
 9494  **
 9495  ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
 9496  **
 9497  ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
 9498  ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
 9499  ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
 9500  ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
 9501  ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
 9502  ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
 9503  ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
 9504  ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
 9505  ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
 9506  ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
 9507  ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
 9508  ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
 9509  **
 9510  ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
 9511  ** <ol>
 9512  ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
 9513  ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
 9514  ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
 9515  ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
 9516  ** destination and source page sizes differ.
 9517  ** </ol>)^
 9518  **
 9519  ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
 9520  ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
 9521  ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
 9522  ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
 9523  ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
 9524  ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
 9525  ** [database connection]
 9526  ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
 9527  ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
 9528  ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
 9529  ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
 9530  ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
 9531  ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
 9532  ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
 9533  ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
 9534  ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
 9535  **
 9536  ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
 9537  ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
 9538  ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
 9539  ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
 9540  ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
 9541  ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
 9542  ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
 9543  ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
 9544  ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
 9545  ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
 9546  ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
 9547  ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
 9548  ** database is modified by using the same database connection as is used
 9549  ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
 9550  ** updated at the same time.
 9551  **
 9552  ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
 9553  **
 9554  ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
 9555  ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
 9556  ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
 9557  ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
 9558  ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
 9559  ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
 9560  ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
 9561  ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
 9562  ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
 9563  **
 9564  ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
 9565  ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless of whether or not
 9566  ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
 9567  ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
 9568  ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
 9569  ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
 9570  **
 9571  ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
 9572  ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
 9573  ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
 9574  **
 9575  ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
 9576  ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
 9577  **
 9578  ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
 9579  ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
 9580  ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
 9581  ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
 9582  ** sqlite3_backup_step().
 9583  ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
 9584  ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
 9585  ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
 9586  ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
 9587  ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
 9588  ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
 9589  **
 9590  ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
 9591  **
 9592  ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
 9593  ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
 9594  ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
 9595  ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
 9596  ** from within other threads.
 9597  **
 9598  ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
 9599  ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
 9600  ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
 9601  ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
 9602  ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
 9603  ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
 9604  ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
 9605  ** backup is in progress might also cause a mutex deadlock.
 9606  **
 9607  ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
 9608  ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
 9609  ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
 9610  ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
 9611  ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
 9612  ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
 9613  **
 9614  ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
 9615  ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
 9616  ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
 9617  ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
 9618  ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
 9619  ** possible that they return invalid values.
 9620  **
 9621  ** <b>Alternatives To Using The Backup API</b>
 9622  **
 9623  ** Other techniques for safely creating a consistent backup of an SQLite
 9624  ** database include:
 9625  **
 9626  ** <ul>
 9627  ** <li> The [VACUUM INTO] command.
 9628  ** <li> The [sqlite3_rsync] utility program.
 9629  ** </ul>
 9630  */
 9631  SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
 9632    sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
 9633    const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
 9634    sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
 9635    const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
 9636  );
 9637  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
 9638  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
 9639  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
 9640  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
 9641  
 9642  /*
 9643  ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
 9644  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 9645  **
 9646  ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
 9647  ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
 9648  ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
 9649  ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
 9650  ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
 9651  ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
 9652  ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
 9653  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
 9654  **
 9655  ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
 9656  **
 9657  ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
 9658  ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
 9659  **
 9660  ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
 9661  ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
 9662  ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
 9663  ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
 9664  ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
 9665  ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
 9666  ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
 9667  ** when the blocking connection's current transaction is concluded. ^The
 9668  ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
 9669  ** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
 9670  **
 9671  ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
 9672  ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
 9673  ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
 9674  ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
 9675  ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
 9676  **
 9677  ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
 9678  ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
 9679  ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
 9680  ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
 9681  **
 9682  ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
 9683  ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
 9684  ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
 9685  ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
 9686  ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
 9687  ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connection's
 9688  ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
 9689  ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
 9690  **
 9691  ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
 9692  ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
 9693  ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
 9694  **
 9695  ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
 9696  ** returns SQLITE_OK.
 9697  **
 9698  ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
 9699  **
 9700  ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
 9701  ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
 9702  ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
 9703  ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
 9704  ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
 9705  ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
 9706  **
 9707  ** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
 9708  ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
 9709  ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
 9710  ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
 9711  ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
 9712  ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
 9713  ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
 9714  ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
 9715  **
 9716  ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
 9717  **
 9718  ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
 9719  ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
 9720  ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
 9721  ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
 9722  ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
 9723  ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
 9724  ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
 9725  **
 9726  ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
 9727  ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
 9728  ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
 9729  ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
 9730  ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
 9731  ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
 9732  ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
 9733  ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
 9734  ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
 9735  ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
 9736  ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
 9737  ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
 9738  **
 9739  ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
 9740  **
 9741  ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
 9742  ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
 9743  ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
 9744  ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
 9745  ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
 9746  ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
 9747  ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
 9748  ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
 9749  ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
 9750  **
 9751  ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
 9752  ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
 9753  ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
 9754  ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
 9755  ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
 9756  */
 9757  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
 9758    sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
 9759    void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
 9760    void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
 9761  );
 9762  
 9763  
 9764  /*
 9765  ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
 9766  **
 9767  ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
 9768  ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
 9769  ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
 9770  ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
 9771  */
 9772  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
 9773  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
 9774  
 9775  /*
 9776  ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
 9777  *
 9778  ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
 9779  ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
 9780  ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
 9781  ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
 9782  ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
 9783  ** is case sensitive.
 9784  **
 9785  ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
 9786  ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
 9787  **
 9788  ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
 9789  */
 9790  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
 9791  
 9792  /*
 9793  ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
 9794  *
 9795  ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
 9796  ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
 9797  ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
 9798  ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
 9799  ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
 9800  ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
 9801  ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
 9802  ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
 9803  ** one another.
 9804  **
 9805  ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
 9806  ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
 9807  **
 9808  ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
 9809  ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
 9810  **
 9811  ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
 9812  */
 9813  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
 9814  
 9815  /*
 9816  ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
 9817  **
 9818  ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
 9819  ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
 9820  ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
 9821  ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
 9822  **
 9823  ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
 9824  ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
 9825  ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
 9826  ** is considered bad form.
 9827  **
 9828  ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
 9829  **
 9830  ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
 9831  ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
 9832  ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
 9833  ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
 9834  ** buffer.
 9835  */
 9836  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
 9837  
 9838  /*
 9839  ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
 9840  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 9841  **
 9842  ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
 9843  ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
 9844  **
 9845  ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
 9846  ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
 9847  ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
 9848  **
 9849  ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
 9850  ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
 9851  ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
 9852  ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
 9853  ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
 9854  ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
 9855  ** including those that were just committed.
 9856  **
 9857  ** ^The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
 9858  ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
 9859  ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
 9860  ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
 9861  ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
 9862  ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
 9863  ** are undefined.
 9864  **
 9865  ** ^A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log
 9866  ** callback registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()]
 9867  ** replaces the default behavior or previously registered write-ahead
 9868  ** log callback.
 9869  **
 9870  ** ^The return value is a copy of the third parameter from the
 9871  ** previous call, if any, or 0.
 9872  **
 9873  ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
 9874  ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and
 9875  ** will overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
 9876  **
 9877  ** ^If a write-ahead log callback is set using this function then
 9878  ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] or [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint]
 9879  ** should be invoked periodically to keep the write-ahead log file
 9880  ** from growing without bound.
 9881  **
 9882  ** ^Passing a NULL pointer for the callback disables automatic
 9883  ** checkpointing entirely. To re-enable the default behavior, call
 9884  ** sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(db,1000) or use [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint].
 9885  */
 9886  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
 9887    sqlite3*,
 9888    int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
 9889    void*
 9890  );
 9891  
 9892  /*
 9893  ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
 9894  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 9895  **
 9896  ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
 9897  ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
 9898  ** to automatically [checkpoint]
 9899  ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
 9900  ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
 9901  ** a negative value as the N parameter disables automatic
 9902  ** checkpoints entirely.
 9903  **
 9904  ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
 9905  ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
 9906  ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
 9907  ** configured by this function.
 9908  **
 9909  ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
 9910  ** from SQL.
 9911  **
 9912  ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
 9913  ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
 9914  **
 9915  ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
 9916  ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
 9917  ** pages.
 9918  **
 9919  ** ^The use of this interface is only necessary if the default setting
 9920  ** is found to be suboptimal for a particular application.
 9921  */
 9922  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
 9923  
 9924  /*
 9925  ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
 9926  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 9927  **
 9928  ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
 9929  ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
 9930  **
 9931  ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
 9932  ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
 9933  ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
 9934  ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
 9935  ** information.
 9936  **
 9937  ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
 9938  ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
 9939  ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
 9940  ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
 9941  ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
 9942  ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
 9943  */
 9944  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
 9945  
 9946  /*
 9947  ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
 9948  ** METHOD: sqlite3
 9949  **
 9950  ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
 9951  ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
 9952  ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
 9953  ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
 9954  **
 9955  ** <dl>
 9956  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
 9957  **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
 9958  **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
 9959  **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
 9960  **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
 9961  **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
 9962  **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
 9963  **
 9964  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
 9965  **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
 9966  **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
 9967  **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
 9968  **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
 9969  **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
 9970  **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
 9971  **
 9972  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
 9973  **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
 9974  **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
 9975  **   [busy-handler callback])
 9976  **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
 9977  **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
 9978  **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
 9979  **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
 9980  **
 9981  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
 9982  **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
 9983  **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
 9984  **   to a successful return.
 9985  **
 9986  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_NOOP<dd>
 9987  **   ^This mode always checkpoints zero frames. The only reason to invoke
 9988  **   a NOOP checkpoint is to access the values returned by
 9989  **   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() via output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt.
 9990  ** </dl>
 9991  **
 9992  ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
 9993  ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
 9994  ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
 9995  ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
 9996  ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
 9997  ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
 9998  ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
 9999  ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
10000  ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
10001  **
10002  ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
10003  ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
10004  ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
10005  ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
10006  **
10007  ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
10008  ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
10009  ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
10010  ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
10011  ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
10012  ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
10013  ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
10014  ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
10015  ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
10016  ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
10017  **
10018  ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
10019  ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
10020  ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
10021  ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
10022  ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
10023  ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
10024  ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
10025  ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
10026  ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
10027  ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
10028  ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
10029  **
10030  ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
10031  ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
10032  ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
10033  ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
10034  **
10035  ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
10036  ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
10037  ** sets the error information that is queried by
10038  ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
10039  **
10040  ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
10041  ** from SQL.
10042  */
10043  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
10044    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
10045    const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
10046    int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
10047    int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
10048    int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
10049  );
10050  
10051  /*
10052  ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
10053  ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
10054  **
10055  ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
10056  ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
10057  ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
10058  ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
10059  */
10060  #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_NOOP    -1  /* Do no work at all */
10061  #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
10062  #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
10063  #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for readers */
10064  #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
10065  
10066  /*
10067  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
10068  **
10069  ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
10070  ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
10071  ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
10072  **
10073  ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
10074  ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
10075  **
10076  ** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
10077  ** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
10078  ** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
10079  ** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
10080  ** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
10081  ** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
10082  ** is used.
10083  */
10084  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
10085  
10086  /*
10087  ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
10088  ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
10089  ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
10090  **
10091  ** These macros define the various options to the
10092  ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
10093  ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
10094  **
10095  ** <dl>
10096  ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
10097  ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
10098  ** <dd>Calls of the form
10099  ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
10100  ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
10101  ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
10102  ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
10103  ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
10104  ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
10105  ** specified as part of the user's SQL statement, regardless of the actual
10106  ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
10107  **
10108  ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
10109  ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
10110  ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
10111  ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
10112  ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
10113  ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
10114  ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
10115  ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
10116  ** had been ABORT.
10117  **
10118  ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
10119  ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
10120  ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
10121  ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
10122  ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
10123  ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
10124  ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
10125  ** constraint handling.
10126  ** </dd>
10127  **
10128  ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
10129  ** <dd>Calls of the form
10130  ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
10131  ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
10132  ** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
10133  ** views.
10134  ** </dd>
10135  **
10136  ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
10137  ** <dd>Calls of the form
10138  ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
10139  ** [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
10140  ** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
10141  ** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
10142  ** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
10143  ** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
10144  ** flag unless absolutely necessary.
10145  ** </dd>
10146  **
10147  ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS</dt>
10148  ** <dd>Calls of the form
10149  ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMA) from within the
10150  ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
10151  ** instruct the query planner to begin at least a read transaction on
10152  ** all schemas ("main", "temp", and any ATTACH-ed databases) whenever the
10153  ** virtual table is used.
10154  ** </dd>
10155  ** </dl>
10156  */
10157  #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
10158  #define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
10159  #define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
10160  #define SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS   4
10161  
10162  /*
10163  ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
10164  **
10165  ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
10166  ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
10167  ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
10168  ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
10169  ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
10170  ** [virtual table].
10171  */
10172  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
10173  
10174  /*
10175  ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
10176  **
10177  ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
10178  ** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
10179  ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
10180  ** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
10181  ** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
10182  ** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
10183  ** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
10184  **
10185  ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
10186  ** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
10187  ** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
10188  ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
10189  ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
10190  ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
10191  **
10192  ** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
10193  ** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
10194  ** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
10195  ** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
10196  ** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
10197  */
10198  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
10199  
10200  /*
10201  ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
10202  ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10203  **
10204  ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
10205  ** method of a [virtual table].  This function returns a pointer to a string
10206  ** that is the name of the appropriate collation sequence to use for text
10207  ** comparisons on the constraint identified by its arguments.
10208  **
10209  ** The first argument must be the pointer to the [sqlite3_index_info] object
10210  ** that is the first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument
10211  ** must be an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the
10212  ** sqlite3_index_info structure passed to xBestIndex.
10213  **
10214  ** Important:
10215  ** The first parameter must be the same pointer that is passed into the
10216  ** xBestMethod() method.  The first parameter may not be a pointer to a
10217  ** different [sqlite3_index_info] object, even an exact copy.
10218  **
10219  ** The return value is computed as follows:
10220  **
10221  ** <ol>
10222  ** <li><p> If the constraint comes from a WHERE clause expression that contains
10223  **         a [COLLATE operator], then the name of the collation specified by
10224  **         that COLLATE operator is returned.
10225  ** <li><p> If there is no COLLATE operator, but the column that is the subject
10226  **         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
10227  **         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
10228  **         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
10229  **         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
10230  ** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
10231  ** </ol>
10232  */
10233  SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
10234  
10235  /*
10236  ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
10237  ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10238  **
10239  ** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
10240  ** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this
10241  ** interface from outside of xBestIndex() is undefined and probably harmful.
10242  **
10243  ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns an integer between 0 and
10244  ** 3.  The integer returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct()
10245  ** gives the virtual table additional information about how the query
10246  ** planner wants the output to be ordered. As long as the virtual table
10247  ** can meet the ordering requirements of the query planner, it may set
10248  ** the "orderByConsumed" flag.
10249  **
10250  ** <ol><li value="0"><p>
10251  ** ^If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 0, that means
10252  ** that the query planner needs the virtual table to return all rows in the
10253  ** sort order defined by the "nOrderBy" and "aOrderBy" fields of the
10254  ** [sqlite3_index_info] object.  This is the default expectation.  If the
10255  ** virtual table outputs all rows in sorted order, then it is always safe for
10256  ** the xBestIndex method to set the "orderByConsumed" flag, regardless of
10257  ** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_distinct().
10258  ** <li value="1"><p>
10259  ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 1, that means
10260  ** that the query planner does not need the rows to be returned in sorted order
10261  ** as long as all rows with the same values in all columns identified by the
10262  ** "aOrderBy" field are adjacent.)^  This mode is used when the query planner
10263  ** is doing a GROUP BY.
10264  ** <li value="2"><p>
10265  ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
10266  ** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
10267  ** order, as long as rows with the same values in all columns identified
10268  ** by "aOrderBy" are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, when two or more rows
10269  ** contain the same values for all columns identified by "colUsed", all but
10270  ** one such row may optionally be omitted from the result.)^
10271  ** The virtual table is not required to omit rows that are duplicates
10272  ** over the "colUsed" columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
10273  ** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
10274  ** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
10275  ** <li value="3"><p>
10276  ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means the
10277  ** virtual table must return rows in the order defined by "aOrderBy" as
10278  ** if the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface had returned 0.  However if
10279  ** two or more rows in the result have the same values for all columns
10280  ** identified by "colUsed", then all but one such row may optionally be
10281  ** omitted.)^  Like when the return value is 2, the virtual table
10282  ** is not required to omit rows that are duplicates over the "colUsed"
10283  ** columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
10284  ** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
10285  ** This mode is used for queries
10286  ** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
10287  ** </ol>
10288  **
10289  ** <p>The following table summarizes the conditions under which the
10290  ** virtual table is allowed to set the "orderByConsumed" flag based on
10291  ** the value returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct().  This table is a
10292  ** restatement of the previous four paragraphs:
10293  **
10294  ** <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=10 width="90%">
10295  ** <tr>
10296  ** <td valign="top">sqlite3_vtab_distinct() return value
10297  ** <td valign="top">Rows are returned in aOrderBy order
10298  ** <td valign="top">Rows with the same value in all aOrderBy columns are adjacent
10299  ** <td valign="top">Duplicates over all colUsed columns may be omitted
10300  ** <tr><td>0<td>yes<td>yes<td>no
10301  ** <tr><td>1<td>no<td>yes<td>no
10302  ** <tr><td>2<td>no<td>yes<td>yes
10303  ** <tr><td>3<td>yes<td>yes<td>yes
10304  ** </table>
10305  **
10306  ** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
10307  ** values are the same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
10308  ** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
10309  ** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
10310  **
10311  ** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
10312  ** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
10313  ** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
10314  **
10315  ** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
10316  ** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
10317  ** "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
10318  ** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
10319  ** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
10320  ** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
10321  ** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
10322  ** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
10323  ** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
10324  ** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect
10325  ** results.
10326  */
10327  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_distinct(sqlite3_index_info*);
10328  
10329  /*
10330  ** CAPI3REF: Identify and handle IN constraints in xBestIndex
10331  **
10332  ** This interface may only be used from within an
10333  ** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
10334  ** The result of invoking this interface from any other context is
10335  ** undefined and probably harmful.
10336  **
10337  ** ^(A constraint on a virtual table of the form
10338  ** "[IN operator|column IN (...)]" is
10339  ** communicated to the xBestIndex method as a
10340  ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ] constraint.)^  If xBestIndex wants to use
10341  ** this constraint, it must set the corresponding
10342  ** aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex to a positive integer.  ^(Then, under
10343  ** the usual mode of handling IN operators, SQLite generates [bytecode]
10344  ** that invokes the [xFilter|xFilter() method] once for each value
10345  ** on the right-hand side of the IN operator.)^  Thus the virtual table
10346  ** only sees a single value from the right-hand side of the IN operator
10347  ** at a time.
10348  **
10349  ** In some cases, however, it would be advantageous for the virtual
10350  ** table to see all values on the right-hand of the IN operator all at
10351  ** once.  The sqlite3_vtab_in() interfaces facilitates this in two ways:
10352  **
10353  ** <ol>
10354  ** <li><p>
10355  **   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,-1) will return true (non-zero)
10356  **   if and only if the [sqlite3_index_info|P->aConstraint][N] constraint
10357  **   is an [IN operator] that can be processed all at once.  ^In other words,
10358  **   sqlite3_vtab_in() with -1 in the third argument is a mechanism
10359  **   by which the virtual table can ask SQLite if all-at-once processing
10360  **   of the IN operator is even possible.
10361  **
10362  ** <li><p>
10363  **   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) with F==1 or F==0 indicates
10364  **   to SQLite that the virtual table does or does not want to process
10365  **   the IN operator all-at-once, respectively.  ^Thus when the third
10366  **   parameter (F) is non-negative, this interface is the mechanism by
10367  **   which the virtual table tells SQLite how it wants to process the
10368  **   IN operator.
10369  ** </ol>
10370  **
10371  ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) interface can be invoked multiple times
10372  ** within the same xBestIndex method call.  ^For any given P,N pair,
10373  ** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) will always be the same
10374  ** within the same xBestIndex call.  ^If the interface returns true
10375  ** (non-zero), that means that the constraint is an IN operator
10376  ** that can be processed all-at-once.  ^If the constraint is not an IN
10377  ** operator or cannot be processed all-at-once, then the interface returns
10378  ** false.
10379  **
10380  ** ^(All-at-once processing of the IN operator is selected if both of the
10381  ** following conditions are met:
10382  **
10383  ** <ol>
10384  ** <li><p> The P->aConstraintUsage[N].argvIndex value is set to a positive
10385  ** integer.  This is how the virtual table tells SQLite that it wants to
10386  ** use the N-th constraint.
10387  **
10388  ** <li><p> The last call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) for which F was
10389  ** non-negative had F>=1.
10390  ** </ol>)^
10391  **
10392  ** ^If either or both of the conditions above are false, then SQLite uses
10393  ** the traditional one-at-a-time processing strategy for the IN constraint.
10394  ** ^If both conditions are true, then the argvIndex-th parameter to the
10395  ** xFilter method will be an [sqlite3_value] that appears to be NULL,
10396  ** but which can be passed to [sqlite3_vtab_in_first()] and
10397  ** [sqlite3_vtab_in_next()] to find all values on the right-hand side
10398  ** of the IN constraint.
10399  */
10400  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in(sqlite3_index_info*, int iCons, int bHandle);
10401  
10402  /*
10403  ** CAPI3REF: Find all elements on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
10404  **
10405  ** These interfaces are only useful from within the
10406  ** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
10407  ** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
10408  ** is undefined and probably harmful.
10409  **
10410  ** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
10411  ** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) should be one of the parameters to the
10412  ** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
10413  ** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
10414  ** processing using the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
10415  ** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
10416  ** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
10417  ** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_ERROR].)^
10418  **
10419  ** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
10420  ** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
10421  **
10422  ** <blockquote><pre>
10423  ** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
10424  ** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal;
10425  ** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
10426  ** &nbsp;  ){
10427  ** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
10428  ** &nbsp;  }
10429  ** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
10430  ** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
10431  ** &nbsp;  }
10432  ** </pre></blockquote>)^
10433  **
10434  ** ^On success, the sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) and sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P)
10435  ** routines return SQLITE_OK and set *P to point to the first or next value
10436  ** on the RHS of the IN constraint.  ^If there are no more values on the
10437  ** right hand side of the IN constraint, then *P is set to NULL and these
10438  ** routines return [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The return value might be
10439  ** some other value, such as SQLITE_NOMEM, in the event of a malfunction.
10440  **
10441  ** The *ppOut values returned by these routines are only valid until the
10442  ** next call to either of these routines or until the end of the xFilter
10443  ** method from which these routines were called.  If the virtual table
10444  ** implementation needs to retain the *ppOut values for longer, it must make
10445  ** copies.  The *ppOut values are [protected sqlite3_value|protected].
10446  */
10447  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
10448  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
10449  
10450  /*
10451  ** CAPI3REF: Constraint values in xBestIndex()
10452  ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10453  **
10454  ** This API may only be used from within the [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
10455  ** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this interface
10456  ** from outside of an xBestIndex method are undefined and probably harmful.
10457  **
10458  ** ^When the sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface is invoked from within
10459  ** the [xBestIndex] method of a [virtual table] implementation, with P being
10460  ** a copy of the [sqlite3_index_info] object pointer passed into xBestIndex and
10461  ** J being a 0-based index into P->aConstraint[], then this routine
10462  ** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
10463  ** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
10464  ** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
10465  ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
10466  ** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
10467  ** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
10468  ** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
10469  ** can return a result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
10470  ** something goes wrong.
10471  **
10472  ** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
10473  ** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
10474  ** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
10475  ** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
10476  ** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].
10477  **
10478  ** ^(Some constraints, such as [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL] and
10479  ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL], have no right-hand operand.  For such
10480  ** constraints, sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() always returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND.)^
10481  **
10482  ** ^The [sqlite3_value] object returned in *V is a protected sqlite3_value
10483  ** and remains valid for the duration of the xBestIndex method call.
10484  ** ^When xBestIndex returns, the sqlite3_value object returned by
10485  ** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() is automatically deallocated.
10486  **
10487  ** The "_rhs_" in the name of this routine is an abbreviation for
10488  ** "Right-Hand Side".
10489  */
10490  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);
10491  
10492  /*
10493  ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
10494  ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
10495  **
10496  ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
10497  ** inform a [virtual table] implementation of the [ON CONFLICT] mode
10498  ** for the SQL statement being evaluated.
10499  **
10500  ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
10501  ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
10502  ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
10503  */
10504  #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
10505  /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
10506  #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
10507  /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
10508  #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
10509  
10510  /*
10511  ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
10512  ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
10513  **
10514  ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
10515  ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
10516  ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
10517  **
10518  ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
10519  ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
10520  ** S is finalized.
10521  **
10522  ** Not all values are available for all query elements. When a value is
10523  ** not available, the output variable is set to -1 if the value is numeric,
10524  ** or to NULL if it is a string (SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME).
10525  **
10526  ** <dl>
10527  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
10528  ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
10529  ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
10530  **
10531  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
10532  ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10533  ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
10534  **
10535  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
10536  ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10537  ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
10538  ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimate was accurate,
10539  ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
10540  ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
10541  ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.</dd>
10542  **
10543  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
10544  ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10545  ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
10546  ** used for the X-th loop.</dd>
10547  **
10548  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
10549  ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10550  ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
10551  ** description for the X-th loop.</dd>
10552  **
10553  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID</dt>
10554  ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10555  ** id for the X-th query plan element. The id value is unique within the
10556  ** statement. The select-id is the same value as is output in the first
10557  ** column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.</dd>
10558  **
10559  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID</dt>
10560  ** <dd>The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10561  ** id of the parent of the current query element, if applicable, or
10562  ** to zero if the query element has no parent. This is the same value as
10563  ** returned in the second column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.</dd>
10564  **
10565  ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE</dt>
10566  ** <dd>The sqlite3_int64 output value is set to the number of cycles,
10567  ** according to the processor time-stamp counter, that elapsed while the
10568  ** query element was being processed. This value is not available for
10569  ** all query elements - if it is unavailable the output variable is
10570  ** set to -1.</dd>
10571  ** </dl>
10572  */
10573  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
10574  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
10575  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
10576  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
10577  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
10578  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
10579  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID 6
10580  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE   7
10581  
10582  /*
10583  ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
10584  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
10585  **
10586  ** These interfaces return information about the predicted and measured
10587  ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
10588  ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
10589  ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
10590  **
10591  ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
10592  ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
10593  ** compile-time option.
10594  **
10595  ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
10596  ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
10597  ** of this interface is undefined. ^The requested measurement is written into
10598  ** a variable pointed to by the "pOut" parameter.
10599  **
10600  ** The "flags" parameter must be passed a mask of flags. At present only
10601  ** one flag is defined - SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX. If SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX
10602  ** is specified, then status information is available for all elements
10603  ** of a query plan that are reported by "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN" output. If
10604  ** SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX is not specified, then only query plan elements
10605  ** that correspond to query loops (the "SCAN..." and "SEARCH..." elements of
10606  ** the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output) are available. Invoking API
10607  ** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() is equivalent to calling
10608  ** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2() with a zeroed flags parameter.
10609  **
10610  ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific query element to retrieve statistics
10611  ** for. Query elements are numbered starting from zero. A value of -1 may
10612  ** retrieve statistics for the entire query. ^If idx is out of range
10613  ** - less than -1 or greater than or equal to the total number of query
10614  ** elements used to implement the statement - a non-zero value is returned and
10615  ** the variable that pOut points to is unchanged.
10616  **
10617  ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
10618  */
10619  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
10620    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
10621    int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
10622    int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
10623    void *pOut                /* Result written here */
10624  );
10625  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
10626    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
10627    int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
10628    int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
10629    int flags,                /* Mask of flags defined below */
10630    void *pOut                /* Result written here */
10631  );
10632  
10633  /*
10634  ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
10635  ** KEYWORDS: {scan status flags}
10636  */
10637  #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX 0x0001
10638  
10639  /*
10640  ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
10641  ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
10642  **
10643  ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
10644  **
10645  ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
10646  ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
10647  */
10648  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
10649  
10650  /*
10651  ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
10652  ** METHOD: sqlite3
10653  **
10654  ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
10655  ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface is invoked, any dirty
10656  ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
10657  ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
10658  ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
10659  ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
10660  ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
10661  ** any [attached] databases.
10662  **
10663  ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
10664  ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
10665  ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
10666  ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
10667  ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
10668  ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
10669  ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
10670  ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
10671  **
10672  ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
10673  ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
10674  ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
10675  **
10676  ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
10677  **
10678  ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
10679  ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
10680  */
10681  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
10682  
10683  /*
10684  ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
10685  ** METHOD: sqlite3
10686  **
10687  ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
10688  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
10689  **
10690  ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
10691  ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
10692  ** on a database table.
10693  ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
10694  ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
10695  ** the previous setting.
10696  ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
10697  ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
10698  ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
10699  ** the first parameter to callbacks.
10700  **
10701  ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
10702  ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
10703  ** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
10704  **
10705  ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
10706  ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
10707  ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
10708  ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
10709  ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
10710  ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10711  ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
10712  ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
10713  ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
10714  ** databases.)^
10715  ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10716  ** table that is being modified.
10717  **
10718  ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
10719  ** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
10720  ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
10721  ** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
10722  ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
10723  ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
10724  ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
10725  ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
10726  ** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
10727  **
10728  ** ^The sqlite3_preupdate_hook(D,C,P) function returns the P argument from
10729  ** the previous call on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
10730  ** the first call on D.
10731  **
10732  ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
10733  ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
10734  ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
10735  ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
10736  ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
10737  ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
10738  ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
10739  ** behavior.
10740  **
10741  ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
10742  ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
10743  **
10744  ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10745  ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10746  ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10747  ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10748  ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
10749  ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
10750  ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10751  ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10752  **
10753  ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10754  ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10755  ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10756  ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10757  ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
10758  ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
10759  ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10760  ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10761  **
10762  ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
10763  ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
10764  ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
10765  ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
10766  ** triggers; and so forth.
10767  **
10768  ** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
10769  ** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE, because
10770  ** the new values are not yet available. In this case, when a
10771  ** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actually a write using the
10772  ** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
10773  ** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
10774  ** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
10775  ** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
10776  **
10777  ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
10778  */
10779  #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
10780  SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
10781    sqlite3 *db,
10782    void(*xPreUpdate)(
10783      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
10784      sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
10785      int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
10786      char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
10787      char const *zName,            /* Table name */
10788      sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
10789      sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
10790    ),
10791    void*
10792  );
10793  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10794  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
10795  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
10796  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10797  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
10798  #endif
10799  
10800  /*
10801  ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
10802  ** METHOD: sqlite3
10803  **
10804  ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
10805  ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
10806  ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
10807  ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
10808  ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
10809  ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
10810  */
10811  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
10812  
10813  /*
10814  ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
10815  ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
10816  **
10817  ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
10818  ** database for some specific point in history.
10819  **
10820  ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
10821  ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
10822  ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
10823  ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
10824  ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
10825  ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
10826  ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
10827  **
10828  ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
10829  ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
10830  ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
10831  ** the most recent version.
10832  */
10833  typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
10834    unsigned char hidden[48];
10835  } sqlite3_snapshot;
10836  
10837  /*
10838  ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
10839  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10840  **
10841  ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
10842  ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
10843  ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
10844  ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
10845  ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
10846  ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
10847  ** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
10848  **
10849  ** If a read-transaction is opened by this function, then it is guaranteed
10850  ** that the returned snapshot object may not be invalidated by a database
10851  ** writer or checkpointer until after the read-transaction is closed. This
10852  ** is not guaranteed if a read-transaction is already open when this
10853  ** function is called. In that case, any subsequent write or checkpoint
10854  ** operation on the database may invalidate the returned snapshot handle,
10855  ** even while the read-transaction remains open.
10856  **
10857  ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
10858  ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
10859  ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
10860  ** in this case.
10861  **
10862  ** <ul>
10863  **   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
10864  **
10865  **   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
10866  **
10867  **   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
10868  **        connection D.
10869  **
10870  **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
10871  **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
10872  **        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
10873  **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
10874  **        must be written to it first.
10875  ** </ul>
10876  **
10877  ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
10878  ** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
10879  ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
10880  **
10881  ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
10882  ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
10883  ** to avoid a memory leak.
10884  **
10885  ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
10886  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10887  */
10888  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
10889    sqlite3 *db,
10890    const char *zSchema,
10891    sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
10892  );
10893  
10894  /*
10895  ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
10896  ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10897  **
10898  ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
10899  ** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
10900  ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
10901  ** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
10902  ** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
10903  ** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
10904  **
10905  ** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
10906  ** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
10907  ** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
10908  ** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
10909  ** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
10910  ** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
10911  ** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
10912  **
10913  ** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
10914  ** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
10915  ** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
10916  **
10917  ** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
10918  ** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
10919  ** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
10920  ** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
10921  ** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
10922  ** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
10923  ** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
10924  **
10925  ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
10926  ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
10927  ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
10928  ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
10929  ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
10930  ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
10931  ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
10932  ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
10933  **
10934  ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
10935  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10936  */
10937  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
10938    sqlite3 *db,
10939    const char *zSchema,
10940    sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
10941  );
10942  
10943  /*
10944  ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
10945  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10946  **
10947  ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
10948  ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
10949  ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
10950  **
10951  ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
10952  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10953  */
10954  SQLITE_API void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
10955  
10956  /*
10957  ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
10958  ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10959  **
10960  ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
10961  ** of two valid snapshot handles.
10962  **
10963  ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
10964  ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
10965  **
10966  ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
10967  ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
10968  ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
10969  ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
10970  ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
10971  ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
10972  ** is undefined.
10973  **
10974  ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
10975  ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
10976  ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
10977  **
10978  ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10979  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10980  */
10981  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
10982    sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
10983    sqlite3_snapshot *p2
10984  );
10985  
10986  /*
10987  ** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
10988  ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10989  **
10990  ** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
10991  ** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
10992  ** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
10993  ** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
10994  ** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
10995  ** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
10996  ** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
10997  **
10998  ** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
10999  ** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
11000  ** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
11001  ** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
11002  ** database.
11003  **
11004  ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
11005  **
11006  ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
11007  ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
11008  */
11009  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
11010  
11011  /*
11012  ** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
11013  **
11014  ** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to
11015  ** memory that is a serialization of the S database on
11016  ** [database connection] D.  If S is a NULL pointer, the main database is used.
11017  ** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
11018  ** is written into *P.
11019  **
11020  ** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
11021  ** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
11022  ** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
11023  ** to disk if that database were backed up to disk.
11024  **
11025  ** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
11026  ** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
11027  ** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
11028  ** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
11029  ** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
11030  ** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
11031  ** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
11032  ** is currently using for that database, or NULL if no such contiguous
11033  ** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
11034  ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
11035  ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
11036  ** values of D and S.
11037  ** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
11038  ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
11039  ** of the database exists.
11040  **
11041  ** After the call, if the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit had been set,
11042  ** the returned buffer content will remain accessible and unchanged
11043  ** until either the next write operation on the connection or when
11044  ** the connection is closed, and applications must not modify the
11045  ** buffer. If the bit had been clear, the returned buffer will not
11046  ** be accessed by SQLite after the call.
11047  **
11048  ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
11049  ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
11050  ** allocation error occurs.
11051  **
11052  ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
11053  ** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
11054  */
11055  SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
11056    sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
11057    const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
11058    sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
11059    unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
11060  );
11061  
11062  /*
11063  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
11064  **
11065  ** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
11066  ** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
11067  **
11068  ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
11069  ** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
11070  ** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
11071  ** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
11072  ** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
11073  ** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
11074  ** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
11075  */
11076  #define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
11077  
11078  /*
11079  ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
11080  **
11081  ** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
11082  ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
11083  ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization
11084  ** contained in P.  If S is a NULL pointer, the main database is
11085  ** used. The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size
11086  ** of the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than
11087  ** N, and the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then
11088  ** SQLite is permitted to add content to the in-memory database as
11089  ** long as the total size does not exceed M bytes.
11090  **
11091  ** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
11092  ** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
11093  ** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
11094  ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
11095  ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
11096  **
11097  ** Applications must not modify the buffer P or invalidate it before
11098  ** the database connection D is closed.
11099  **
11100  ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
11101  ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
11102  ** operation.
11103  **
11104  ** It is not possible to deserialize into the TEMP database.  If the
11105  ** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
11106  ** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
11107  **
11108  ** The deserialized database should not be in [WAL mode].  If the database
11109  ** is in WAL mode, then any attempt to use the database file will result
11110  ** in an [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] error.  The application can set the
11111  ** [file format version numbers] (bytes 18 and 19) of the input database P
11112  ** to 0x01 prior to invoking sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) to force the
11113  ** database file into rollback mode and work around this limitation.
11114  **
11115  ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
11116  ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
11117  ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
11118  **
11119  ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
11120  ** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
11121  */
11122  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
11123    sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
11124    const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
11125    unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
11126    sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number of bytes in the deserialization */
11127    sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
11128    unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
11129  );
11130  
11131  /*
11132  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
11133  **
11134  ** The following are allowed values for the 6th argument (the F argument) to
11135  ** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
11136  **
11137  ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
11138  ** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
11139  ** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
11140  ** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
11141  ** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
11142  **
11143  ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
11144  ** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
11145  ** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
11146  ** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
11147  ** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
11148  **
11149  ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
11150  ** should be treated as read-only.
11151  */
11152  #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
11153  #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
11154  #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
11155  
11156  /*
11157  ** CAPI3REF: Bind array values to the CARRAY table-valued function
11158  **
11159  ** The sqlite3_carray_bind(S,I,P,N,F,X) interface binds an array value to
11160  ** one of the first argument of the [carray() table-valued function].  The
11161  ** S parameter is a pointer to the [prepared statement] that uses the carray()
11162  ** functions.  I is the parameter index to be bound.  P is a pointer to the
11163  ** array to be bound, and N is the number of eements in the array.  The
11164  ** F argument is one of constants [SQLITE_CARRAY_INT32], [SQLITE_CARRAY_INT64],
11165  ** [SQLITE_CARRAY_DOUBLE], [SQLITE_CARRAY_TEXT], or [SQLITE_CARRAY_BLOB] to
11166  ** indicate the datatype of the array being bound.  The X argument is not a
11167  ** NULL pointer, then SQLite will invoke the function X on the P parameter
11168  ** after it has finished using P, even if the call to
11169  ** sqlite3_carray_bind() fails. The special-case finalizer
11170  ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT has no effect here.
11171  */
11172  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_carray_bind(
11173    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,        /* Statement to be bound */
11174    int i,                      /* Parameter index */
11175    void *aData,                /* Pointer to array data */
11176    int nData,                  /* Number of data elements */
11177    int mFlags,                 /* CARRAY flags */
11178    void (*xDel)(void*)         /* Destructor for aData */
11179  );
11180  
11181  /*
11182  ** CAPI3REF: Datatypes for the CARRAY table-valued function
11183  **
11184  ** The fifth argument to the [sqlite3_carray_bind()] interface musts be
11185  ** one of the following constants, to specify the datatype of the array
11186  ** that is being bound into the [carray table-valued function].
11187  */
11188  #define SQLITE_CARRAY_INT32     0    /* Data is 32-bit signed integers */
11189  #define SQLITE_CARRAY_INT64     1    /* Data is 64-bit signed integers */
11190  #define SQLITE_CARRAY_DOUBLE    2    /* Data is doubles */
11191  #define SQLITE_CARRAY_TEXT      3    /* Data is char* */
11192  #define SQLITE_CARRAY_BLOB      4    /* Data is struct iovec */
11193  
11194  /*
11195  ** Versions of the above #defines that omit the initial SQLITE_, for
11196  ** legacy compatibility.
11197  */
11198  #define CARRAY_INT32     0    /* Data is 32-bit signed integers */
11199  #define CARRAY_INT64     1    /* Data is 64-bit signed integers */
11200  #define CARRAY_DOUBLE    2    /* Data is doubles */
11201  #define CARRAY_TEXT      3    /* Data is char* */
11202  #define CARRAY_BLOB      4    /* Data is struct iovec */
11203  
11204  /*
11205  ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
11206  ** builds on processors without floating point support.
11207  */
11208  #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
11209  # undef double
11210  #endif
11211  
11212  #if defined(__wasi__)
11213  # undef SQLITE_WASI
11214  # define SQLITE_WASI 1
11215  # ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
11216  #  define SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
11217  # endif
11218  # ifndef SQLITE_THREADSAFE
11219  #  define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
11220  # endif
11221  #endif
11222  
11223  #ifdef __cplusplus
11224  }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
11225  #endif
11226  /* #endif for SQLITE3_H will be added by mksqlite3.tcl */
11227  
11228  /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
11229  /*
11230  ** 2010 August 30
11231  **
11232  ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
11233  ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
11234  **
11235  **    May you do good and not evil.
11236  **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
11237  **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
11238  **
11239  *************************************************************************
11240  */
11241  
11242  #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
11243  #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
11244  
11245  
11246  #ifdef __cplusplus
11247  extern "C" {
11248  #endif
11249  
11250  typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
11251  typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
11252  
11253  /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
11254  ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
11255  */
11256  #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
11257    typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
11258  #else
11259    typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
11260  #endif
11261  
11262  /*
11263  ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
11264  ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
11265  **
11266  **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
11267  */
11268  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
11269    sqlite3 *db,
11270    const char *zGeom,
11271    int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
11272    void *pContext
11273  );
11274  
11275  
11276  /*
11277  ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
11278  ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
11279  */
11280  struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
11281    void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
11282    int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
11283    sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
11284    void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
11285    void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
11286  };
11287  
11288  /*
11289  ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
11290  ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
11291  **
11292  **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
11293  */
11294  SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
11295    sqlite3 *db,
11296    const char *zQueryFunc,
11297    int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
11298    void *pContext,
11299    void (*xDestructor)(void*)
11300  );
11301  
11302  
11303  /*
11304  ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
11305  ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
11306  ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
11307  **
11308  ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
11309  ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
11310  ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
11311  */
11312  struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
11313    void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
11314    int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
11315    sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
11316    void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
11317    void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
11318    sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
11319    unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
11320    int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
11321    int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
11322    int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
11323    sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
11324    sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
11325    int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
11326    int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visibility */
11327    sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
11328    /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
11329    sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
11330  };
11331  
11332  /*
11333  ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
11334  */
11335  #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
11336  #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
11337  #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
11338  
11339  
11340  #ifdef __cplusplus
11341  }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
11342  #endif
11343  
11344  #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
11345  
11346  /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
11347  /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
11348  
11349  #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
11350  #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
11351  
11352  /*
11353  ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
11354  */
11355  #ifdef __cplusplus
11356  extern "C" {
11357  #endif
11358  
11359  
11360  /*
11361  ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
11362  **
11363  ** An instance of this object is a [session] that can be used to
11364  ** record changes to a database.
11365  */
11366  typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
11367  
11368  /*
11369  ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
11370  **
11371  ** An instance of this object acts as a cursor for iterating
11372  ** over the elements of a [changeset] or [patchset].
11373  */
11374  typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
11375  
11376  /*
11377  ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
11378  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
11379  **
11380  ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
11381  ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
11382  ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
11383  ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
11384  **
11385  ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
11386  ** database handle.
11387  **
11388  ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
11389  ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
11390  ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
11391  ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
11392  ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
11393  ** are undefined.
11394  **
11395  ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
11396  ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
11397  ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
11398  ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
11399  ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
11400  ** either of these things are undefined.
11401  **
11402  ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
11403  ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
11404  ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
11405  ** to the database when the session object is created.
11406  */
11407  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
11408    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
11409    const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
11410    sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
11411  );
11412  
11413  /*
11414  ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
11415  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
11416  **
11417  ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
11418  ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
11419  ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
11420  ** function are undefined.
11421  **
11422  ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
11423  ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
11424  ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
11425  */
11426  SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11427  
11428  /*
11429  ** CAPI3REF: Configure a Session Object
11430  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11431  **
11432  ** This method is used to configure a session object after it has been
11433  ** created. At present the only valid values for the second parameter are
11434  ** [SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE] and [SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID].
11435  **
11436  */
11437  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_object_config(sqlite3_session*, int op, void *pArg);
11438  
11439  /*
11440  ** CAPI3REF: Options for sqlite3session_object_config
11441  **
11442  ** The following values may passed as the the 2nd parameter to
11443  ** sqlite3session_object_config().
11444  **
11445  ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE <dd>
11446  **   This option is used to set, clear or query the flag that enables
11447  **   the [sqlite3session_changeset_size()] API. Because it imposes some
11448  **   computational overhead, this API is disabled by default. Argument
11449  **   pArg must point to a value of type (int). If the value is initially
11450  **   0, then the sqlite3session_changeset_size() API is disabled. If it
11451  **   is greater than 0, then the same API is enabled. Or, if the initial
11452  **   value is less than zero, no change is made. In all cases the (int)
11453  **   variable is set to 1 if the sqlite3session_changeset_size() API is
11454  **   enabled following the current call, or 0 otherwise.
11455  **
11456  **   It is an error (SQLITE_MISUSE) to attempt to modify this setting after
11457  **   the first table has been attached to the session object.
11458  **
11459  ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID <dd>
11460  **   This option is used to set, clear or query the flag that enables
11461  **   collection of data for tables with no explicit PRIMARY KEY.
11462  **
11463  **   Normally, tables with no explicit PRIMARY KEY are simply ignored
11464  **   by the sessions module. However, if this flag is set, it behaves
11465  **   as if such tables have a column "_rowid_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" inserted
11466  **   as their leftmost columns.
11467  **
11468  **   It is an error (SQLITE_MISUSE) to attempt to modify this setting after
11469  **   the first table has been attached to the session object.
11470  */
11471  #define SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE  1
11472  #define SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID 2
11473  
11474  /*
11475  ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
11476  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11477  **
11478  ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
11479  ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
11480  ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
11481  ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
11482  ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
11483  ** the eventual changesets.
11484  **
11485  ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
11486  ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
11487  ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
11488  **
11489  ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
11490  ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
11491  */
11492  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
11493  
11494  /*
11495  ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
11496  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11497  **
11498  ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
11499  ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
11500  **
11501  ** <ul>
11502  **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
11503  **        made, or
11504  **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
11505  **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
11506  ** </ul>
11507  **
11508  ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
11509  ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
11510  ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
11511  **
11512  ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
11513  ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
11514  ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
11515  ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
11516  ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
11517  ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
11518  **
11519  ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
11520  ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
11521  */
11522  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
11523  
11524  /*
11525  ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
11526  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11527  **
11528  ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
11529  ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
11530  ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
11531  ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
11532  **
11533  ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
11534  ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
11535  ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
11536  ** the new tables are also recorded.
11537  **
11538  ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
11539  ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
11540  ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
11541  ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
11542  **
11543  ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
11544  ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
11545  ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
11546  **
11547  ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
11548  ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
11549  **
11550  ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
11551  ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
11552  **
11553  ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
11554  **
11555  ** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
11556  ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
11557  **  <pre>
11558  **  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
11559  **  </pre>
11560  **
11561  ** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
11562  ** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
11563  ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
11564  ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
11565  ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
11566  ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
11567  ** concat() and similar.
11568  **
11569  ** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
11570  ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
11571  ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
11572  ** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
11573  ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
11574  ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
11575  ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
11576  **
11577  ** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
11578  ** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
11579  ** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
11580  ** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
11581  */
11582  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
11583    sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11584    const char *zTab                /* Table name */
11585  );
11586  
11587  /*
11588  ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
11589  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11590  **
11591  ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
11592  ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
11593  ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
11594  ** If xFilter returns 0, changes are not tracked. Note that once a table is
11595  ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
11596  */
11597  SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
11598    sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11599    int(*xFilter)(
11600      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
11601      const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11602    ),
11603    void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
11604  );
11605  
11606  /*
11607  ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
11608  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11609  **
11610  ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
11611  ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
11612  ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
11613  ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
11614  ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
11615  ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
11616  **
11617  ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
11618  ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
11619  ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
11620  ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
11621  ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
11622  ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
11623  ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
11624  ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
11625  ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
11626  **
11627  ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
11628  ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
11629  ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
11630  ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
11631  ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
11632  ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
11633  ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
11634  ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
11635  ** DELETE change only.
11636  **
11637  ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
11638  ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
11639  ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
11640  ** API.
11641  **
11642  ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
11643  ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
11644  ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
11645  ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
11646  ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
11647  ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
11648  ** a single table are stored is undefined.
11649  **
11650  ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
11651  ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
11652  ** [sqlite3_free()].
11653  **
11654  ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
11655  **
11656  ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
11657  ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
11658  ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
11659  ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
11660  ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
11661  ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
11662  **
11663  ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
11664  ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
11665  ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
11666  **
11667  ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
11668  ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
11669  ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
11670  ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
11671  ** or updates a record).
11672  **
11673  ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
11674  ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
11675  ** file. Specifically:
11676  **
11677  ** <ul>
11678  **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
11679  **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
11680  **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
11681  **        is added to the changeset.
11682  **
11683  **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
11684  **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
11685  **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
11686  **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
11687  **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
11688  **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
11689  **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
11690  **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
11691  ** </ul>
11692  **
11693  ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
11694  ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
11695  ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
11696  ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
11697  ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
11698  ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
11699  **
11700  ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
11701  ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
11702  ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
11703  ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
11704  ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
11705  ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
11706  ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
11707  ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is enabled, and
11708  ** then another field of the same row is updated while the session is disabled,
11709  ** the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both
11710  ** fields.
11711  */
11712  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
11713    sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11714    int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
11715    void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
11716  );
11717  
11718  /*
11719  ** CAPI3REF: Return An Upper-limit For The Size Of The Changeset
11720  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11721  **
11722  ** By default, this function always returns 0. For it to return
11723  ** a useful result, the sqlite3_session object must have been configured
11724  ** to enable this API using sqlite3session_object_config() with the
11725  ** SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE verb.
11726  **
11727  ** When enabled, this function returns an upper limit, in bytes, for the size
11728  ** of the changeset that might be produced if sqlite3session_changeset() were
11729  ** called. The final changeset size might be equal to or smaller than the
11730  ** size in bytes returned by this function.
11731  */
11732  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_changeset_size(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11733  
11734  /*
11735  ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
11736  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11737  **
11738  ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
11739  ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
11740  ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
11741  ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
11742  ** an error).
11743  **
11744  ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
11745  ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
11746  ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
11747  ** A table is considered compatible if it:
11748  **
11749  ** <ul>
11750  **   <li> Has the same name,
11751  **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
11752  **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
11753  ** </ul>
11754  **
11755  ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
11756  ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
11757  ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
11758  ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
11759  **
11760  ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
11761  ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
11762  ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
11763  ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
11764  **
11765  ** <ul>
11766  **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
11767  **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
11768  **
11769  **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
11770  **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
11771  **
11772  **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
11773  **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
11774  **     session.
11775  ** </ul>
11776  **
11777  ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
11778  ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
11779  ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
11780  ** identical.
11781  **
11782  ** Unless the call to this function is a no-op as described above, it is an
11783  ** error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the required
11784  ** compatible table.
11785  **
11786  ** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
11787  ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
11788  ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
11789  ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
11790  ** sqlite3_free().
11791  */
11792  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
11793    sqlite3_session *pSession,
11794    const char *zFromDb,
11795    const char *zTbl,
11796    char **pzErrMsg
11797  );
11798  
11799  
11800  /*
11801  ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
11802  ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11803  **
11804  ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
11805  **
11806  ** <ul>
11807  **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
11808  **        original values of other fields are omitted.
11809  **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
11810  **        UPDATE records.
11811  ** </ul>
11812  **
11813  ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
11814  ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
11815  ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
11816  ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
11817  ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
11818  **
11819  ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
11820  ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
11821  ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
11822  ** in the same way as for changesets.
11823  **
11824  ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
11825  ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
11826  ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
11827  ** they were attached to the session object).
11828  */
11829  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
11830    sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11831    int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
11832    void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
11833  );
11834  
11835  /*
11836  ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
11837  **
11838  ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
11839  ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
11840  ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
11841  **
11842  ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
11843  ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
11844  ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
11845  ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
11846  ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
11847  ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
11848  ** changeset containing zero changes.
11849  */
11850  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11851  
11852  /*
11853  ** CAPI3REF: Query for the amount of heap memory used by a session object.
11854  **
11855  ** This API returns the total amount of heap memory in bytes currently
11856  ** used by the session object passed as the only argument.
11857  */
11858  SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_memory_used(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11859  
11860  /*
11861  ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
11862  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11863  **
11864  ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
11865  ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
11866  ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
11867  ** SQLite error code is returned.
11868  **
11869  ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
11870  ** iterator created by this function:
11871  **
11872  ** <ul>
11873  **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
11874  **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
11875  **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
11876  **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
11877  ** </ul>
11878  **
11879  ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
11880  ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
11881  ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
11882  ** destroyed.
11883  **
11884  ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
11885  ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
11886  ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
11887  ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
11888  ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
11889  ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
11890  ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
11891  ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
11892  ** another change for table X.
11893  **
11894  ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_start_v2() and its streaming equivalent
11895  ** may be modified by passing a combination of
11896  ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT | supported flags] as the 4th parameter.
11897  **
11898  ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_start_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
11899  ** and therefore subject to change.
11900  */
11901  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
11902    sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
11903    int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
11904    void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
11905  );
11906  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
11907    sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
11908    int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
11909    void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
11910    int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETSTART_* flags */
11911  );
11912  
11913  /*
11914  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
11915  **
11916  ** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
11917  ** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
11918  **
11919  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT <dd>
11920  **   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
11921  **   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
11922  **   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
11923  */
11924  #define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002
11925  
11926  
11927  /*
11928  ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
11929  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11930  **
11931  ** This function may only be used with iterators created by the function
11932  ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
11933  ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
11934  ** is returned and the call has no effect.
11935  **
11936  ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
11937  ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
11938  ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
11939  ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
11940  ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
11941  ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
11942  ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
11943  ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
11944  ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
11945  **
11946  ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
11947  ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
11948  ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
11949  */
11950  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
11951  
11952  /*
11953  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
11954  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11955  **
11956  ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11957  ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11958  ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11959  ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
11960  ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
11961  **
11962  ** Arguments pOp, pnCol and pzTab may not be NULL. Upon return, three
11963  ** outputs are set through these pointers:
11964  **
11965  ** *pOp is set to one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
11966  ** depending on the type of change that the iterator currently points to;
11967  **
11968  ** *pnCol is set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change; and
11969  **
11970  ** *pzTab is set to point to a nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing
11971  ** the name of the table affected by the current change. The buffer remains
11972  ** valid until either sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator
11973  ** or until the conflict-handler function returns.
11974  **
11975  ** If pbIndirect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
11976  ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
11977  ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
11978  ** changes.
11979  **
11980  ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
11981  ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
11982  ** be trusted in this case.
11983  */
11984  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_op(
11985    sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
11986    const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
11987    int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
11988    int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
11989    int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
11990  );
11991  
11992  /*
11993  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
11994  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11995  **
11996  ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
11997  **
11998  ** <ul>
11999  **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
12000  **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
12001  ** </ul>
12002  **
12003  ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
12004  ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
12005  ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
12006  ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
12007  ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
12008  ** 0x00 if it is not.
12009  **
12010  ** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
12011  ** in the table.
12012  **
12013  ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
12014  ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
12015  ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
12016  ** above.
12017  */
12018  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
12019    sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
12020    unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
12021    int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
12022  );
12023  
12024  /*
12025  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
12026  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
12027  **
12028  ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
12029  ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
12030  ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
12031  ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
12032  ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
12033  ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
12034  ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
12035  **
12036  ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
12037  ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
12038  ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
12039  **
12040  ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
12041  ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
12042  ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
12043  ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
12044  ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
12045  **
12046  ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
12047  ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
12048  */
12049  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
12050    sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
12051    int iVal,                       /* Column number */
12052    sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
12053  );
12054  
12055  /*
12056  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
12057  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
12058  **
12059  ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
12060  ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
12061  ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
12062  ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
12063  ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
12064  ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
12065  ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
12066  **
12067  ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
12068  ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
12069  ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
12070  **
12071  ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
12072  ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
12073  ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
12074  ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
12075  ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
12076  ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
12077  ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
12078  ** triggers.
12079  **
12080  ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
12081  ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
12082  */
12083  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
12084    sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
12085    int iVal,                       /* Column number */
12086    sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
12087  );
12088  
12089  /*
12090  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
12091  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
12092  **
12093  ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
12094  ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
12095  ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
12096  ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
12097  ** is set to NULL.
12098  **
12099  ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
12100  ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
12101  ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
12102  **
12103  ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
12104  ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
12105  ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
12106  ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
12107  **
12108  ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
12109  ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
12110  */
12111  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
12112    sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
12113    int iVal,                       /* Column number */
12114    sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
12115  );
12116  
12117  /*
12118  ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
12119  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
12120  **
12121  ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
12122  ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
12123  ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
12124  ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
12125  **
12126  ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
12127  */
12128  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
12129    sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
12130    int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
12131  );
12132  
12133  
12134  /*
12135  ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
12136  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
12137  **
12138  ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
12139  ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
12140  **
12141  ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
12142  ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
12143  ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
12144  ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
12145  ** call has no effect.
12146  **
12147  ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
12148  ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
12149  ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
12150  ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
12151  ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
12152  **
12153  ** <pre>
12154  **   sqlite3changeset_start();
12155  **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
12156  **     // Do something with change.
12157  **   }
12158  **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
12159  **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
12160  **     // An error has occurred
12161  **   }
12162  ** </pre>
12163  */
12164  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
12165  
12166  /*
12167  ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
12168  **
12169  ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
12170  ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
12171  ** changeset. Specifically:
12172  **
12173  ** <ul>
12174  **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
12175  **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
12176  **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
12177  ** </ul>
12178  **
12179  ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
12180  ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
12181  **
12182  ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
12183  ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
12184  ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
12185  ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
12186  **
12187  ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
12188  ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
12189  ** call to this function.
12190  **
12191  ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
12192  ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
12193  */
12194  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
12195    int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
12196    int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
12197  );
12198  
12199  /*
12200  ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
12201  **
12202  ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
12203  ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
12204  ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
12205  **
12206  ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
12207  ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
12208  ** following code fragment:
12209  **
12210  ** <pre>
12211  **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
12212  **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
12213  **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
12214  **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
12215  **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
12216  **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
12217  **   }else{
12218  **     *ppOut = 0;
12219  **     *pnOut = 0;
12220  **   }
12221  ** </pre>
12222  **
12223  ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
12224  */
12225  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
12226    int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
12227    void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
12228    int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
12229    void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
12230    int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
12231    void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
12232  );
12233  
12234  /*
12235  ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
12236  **
12237  ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
12238  ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
12239  */
12240  typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
12241  
12242  /*
12243  ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
12244  ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
12245  **
12246  ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
12247  ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
12248  ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
12249  ** always in the same format as the input.
12250  **
12251  ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
12252  ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
12253  ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
12254  ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
12255  ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
12256  **
12257  ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
12258  **
12259  ** <ul>
12260  **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
12261  **
12262  **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
12263  **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
12264  **
12265  **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
12266  **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
12267  **
12268  **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
12269  ** </ul>
12270  **
12271  ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
12272  ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
12273  **
12274  ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
12275  ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
12276  ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
12277  */
12278  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
12279  
12280  /*
12281  ** CAPI3REF: Add a Schema to a Changegroup
12282  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup_schema
12283  **
12284  ** This method may be used to optionally enforce the rule that the changesets
12285  ** added to the changegroup handle must match the schema of database zDb
12286  ** ("main", "temp", or the name of an attached database). If
12287  ** sqlite3changegroup_add() is called to add a changeset that is not compatible
12288  ** with the configured schema, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and the changegroup
12289  ** object is left in an undefined state.
12290  **
12291  ** A changeset schema is considered compatible with the database schema in
12292  ** the same way as for sqlite3changeset_apply(). Specifically, for each
12293  ** table in the changeset, there exists a database table with:
12294  **
12295  ** <ul>
12296  **   <li> The name identified by the changeset, and
12297  **   <li> at least as many columns as recorded in the changeset, and
12298  **   <li> the primary key columns in the same position as recorded in
12299  **        the changeset.
12300  ** </ul>
12301  **
12302  ** The output of the changegroup object always has the same schema as the
12303  ** database nominated using this function. In cases where changesets passed
12304  ** to sqlite3changegroup_add() have fewer columns than the corresponding table
12305  ** in the database schema, these are filled in using the default column
12306  ** values from the database schema. This makes it possible to combined
12307  ** changesets that have different numbers of columns for a single table
12308  ** within a changegroup, provided that they are otherwise compatible.
12309  */
12310  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_schema(sqlite3_changegroup*, sqlite3*, const char *zDb);
12311  
12312  /*
12313  ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
12314  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12315  **
12316  ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
12317  ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
12318  **
12319  ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
12320  ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
12321  ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
12322  ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
12323  ** to the changegroup.
12324  **
12325  ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
12326  ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
12327  ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
12328  ** the two rows have the same primary key.
12329  **
12330  ** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
12331  ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
12332  ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
12333  ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
12334  **
12335  ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
12336  **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
12337  **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
12338  **       <th>Output Change
12339  **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
12340  **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12341  **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12342  **       added to the changegroup.
12343  **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
12344  **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
12345  **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
12346  **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
12347  **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
12348  **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
12349  **       not added.
12350  **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
12351  **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12352  **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12353  **       added to the changegroup.
12354  **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
12355  **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
12356  **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
12357  **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
12358  **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
12359  **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
12360  **       changegroup.
12361  **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
12362  **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
12363  **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
12364  **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
12365  **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
12366  **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
12367  **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
12368  **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12369  **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12370  **       added to the changegroup.
12371  **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
12372  **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12373  **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12374  **       added to the changegroup.
12375  ** </table>
12376  **
12377  ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
12378  ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
12379  ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
12380  ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. Except, if the changegroup
12381  ** object has been configured with a database schema using the
12382  ** sqlite3changegroup_schema() API, then it is possible to combine changesets
12383  ** with different numbers of columns for a single table, provided that
12384  ** they are otherwise compatible.
12385  **
12386  ** If the input changeset appears to be corrupt and the corruption is
12387  ** detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition
12388  ** occurs during processing, this function returns SQLITE_NOMEM.
12389  **
12390  ** In all cases, if an error occurs the state of the final contents of the
12391  ** changegroup is undefined. If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
12392  */
12393  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
12394  
12395  /*
12396  ** CAPI3REF: Add A Single Change To A Changegroup
12397  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12398  **
12399  ** This function adds the single change currently indicated by the iterator
12400  ** passed as the second argument to the changegroup object. The rules for
12401  ** adding the change are just as described for [sqlite3changegroup_add()].
12402  **
12403  ** If the change is successfully added to the changegroup, SQLITE_OK is
12404  ** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
12405  **
12406  ** The iterator must point to a valid entry when this function is called.
12407  ** If it does not, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no change is added to the
12408  ** changegroup. Additionally, the iterator must not have been opened with
12409  ** the SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT flag. In this case SQLITE_ERROR is also
12410  ** returned.
12411  */
12412  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_change(
12413    sqlite3_changegroup*,
12414    sqlite3_changeset_iter*
12415  );
12416  
12417  
12418  
12419  /*
12420  ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
12421  ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12422  **
12423  ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
12424  ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
12425  ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
12426  ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
12427  **
12428  ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
12429  ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
12430  ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
12431  ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
12432  ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
12433  ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
12434  ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
12435  ** which they are first encountered.
12436  **
12437  ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
12438  ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
12439  ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
12440  ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
12441  ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
12442  ** call to sqlite3_free().
12443  */
12444  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output(
12445    sqlite3_changegroup*,
12446    int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
12447    void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
12448  );
12449  
12450  /*
12451  ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
12452  ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
12453  */
12454  SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
12455  
12456  /*
12457  ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
12458  **
12459  ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
12460  ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
12461  ** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
12462  **
12463  ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
12464  ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
12465  ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
12466  ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
12467  ** SQLite error code returned. Additionally, starting with version 3.51.0,
12468  ** an error code and error message that may be accessed using the
12469  ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] APIs are left in the database
12470  ** handle.
12471  **
12472  ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
12473  ** callback". This may be passed NULL, in which case all changes in the
12474  ** changeset are applied to the database. For sqlite3changeset_apply() and
12475  ** sqlite3_changeset_apply_v2(), if it is not NULL, then it is invoked once
12476  ** for each table affected by at least one change in the changeset. In this
12477  ** case the table name is passed as the second argument, and a copy of
12478  ** the context pointer passed as the sixth argument to apply() or apply_v2()
12479  ** as the first. If the "filter callback" returns zero, then no attempt is
12480  ** made to apply any changes to the table. Otherwise, if the return value is
12481  ** non-zero, all changes related to the table are attempted.
12482  **
12483  ** For sqlite3_changeset_apply_v3(), the xFilter callback is invoked once
12484  ** per change. The second argument in this case is an sqlite3_changeset_iter
12485  ** that may be queried using the usual APIs for the details of the current
12486  ** change. If the "filter callback" returns zero in this case, then no attempt
12487  ** is made to apply the current change. If it returns non-zero, the change
12488  ** is applied.
12489  **
12490  ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
12491  ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
12492  ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
12493  **
12494  ** <ul>
12495  **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
12496  **        changeset, and
12497  **   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
12498  **        changeset, and
12499  **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
12500  **        recorded in the changeset.
12501  ** </ul>
12502  **
12503  ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
12504  ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
12505  ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
12506  ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
12507  **
12508  ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
12509  ** to modify the table contents according to each UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
12510  ** change that is not excluded by a filter callback. If a change cannot be
12511  ** applied cleanly, the conflict handler function passed as the fifth argument
12512  ** to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be invoked. A description of exactly when
12513  ** the conflict handler is invoked for each type of change is below.
12514  **
12515  ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
12516  ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
12517  ** argument are undefined.
12518  **
12519  ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
12520  ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
12521  ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
12522  ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
12523  ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
12524  ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
12525  ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
12526  ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
12527  ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
12528  ** the documentation for the three
12529  ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
12530  **
12531  ** <dl>
12532  ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
12533  **   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
12534  **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
12535  **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
12536  **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
12537  **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
12538  **
12539  **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
12540  **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
12541  **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
12542  **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. If the
12543  **   database table has more columns than are recorded in the changeset,
12544  **   only the values of those non-primary key fields are compared against
12545  **   the current database contents - any trailing database table columns
12546  **   are ignored.
12547  **
12548  **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
12549  **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
12550  **   passed as the second argument.
12551  **
12552  **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
12553  **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
12554  **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
12555  **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
12556  **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
12557  **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12558  **
12559  ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
12560  **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
12561  **   the database. If the changeset row contains fewer fields than the
12562  **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
12563  **   values.
12564  **
12565  **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
12566  **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
12567  **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
12568  **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
12569  **
12570  **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
12571  **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
12572  **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
12573  **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
12574  **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
12575  **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12576  **
12577  ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
12578  **   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
12579  **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
12580  **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
12581  **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
12582  **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
12583  **
12584  **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
12585  **   the modified non-primary key fields contains a value different from an
12586  **   original row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function
12587  **   is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
12588  **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
12589  **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
12590  **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
12591  **
12592  **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
12593  **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
12594  **   passed as the second argument.
12595  **
12596  **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
12597  **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
12598  **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
12599  **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
12600  **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
12601  **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12602  ** </dl>
12603  **
12604  ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
12605  ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
12606  ** This can be used to further customize the application's conflict
12607  ** resolution strategy.
12608  **
12609  ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
12610  ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
12611  ** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
12612  ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
12613  ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
12614  ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
12615  ** is only allocated and populated if one or more conflicts were encountered
12616  ** while applying the patchset. See comments surrounding the sqlite3_rebaser
12617  ** APIs for further details.
12618  **
12619  ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and its streaming equivalent
12620  ** may be modified by passing a combination of
12621  ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT | supported flags] as the 9th parameter.
12622  **
12623  ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
12624  ** and therefore subject to change.
12625  */
12626  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply(
12627    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12628    int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12629    void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12630    int(*xFilter)(
12631      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12632      const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12633    ),
12634    int(*xConflict)(
12635      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12636      int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12637      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12638    ),
12639    void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12640  );
12641  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
12642    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12643    int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12644    void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12645    int(*xFilter)(
12646      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12647      const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12648    ),
12649    int(*xConflict)(
12650      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12651      int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12652      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12653    ),
12654    void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12655    void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
12656    int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
12657  );
12658  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v3(
12659    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12660    int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12661    void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12662    int(*xFilter)(
12663      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12664      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change */
12665    ),
12666    int(*xConflict)(
12667      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12668      int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12669      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12670    ),
12671    void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12672    void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
12673    int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
12674  );
12675  
12676  /*
12677  ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_apply_v2
12678  **
12679  ** The following flags may passed via the 9th parameter to
12680  ** [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm]:
12681  **
12682  ** <dl>
12683  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT <dd>
12684  **   Usually, the sessions module encloses all operations performed by
12685  **   a single call to apply_v2() or apply_v2_strm() in a [SAVEPOINT]. The
12686  **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
12687  **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
12688  **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
12689  **   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
12690  **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
12691  **
12692  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
12693  **   Invert the changeset before applying it. This is equivalent to inverting
12694  **   a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it. It is
12695  **   an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
12696  **
12697  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP <dd>
12698  **   Do not invoke the conflict handler callback for any changes that
12699  **   would not actually modify the database even if they were applied.
12700  **   Specifically, this means that the conflict handler is not invoked
12701  **   for:
12702  **    <ul>
12703  **    <li>a delete change if the row being deleted cannot be found,
12704  **    <li>an update change if the modified fields are already set to
12705  **        their new values in the conflicting row, or
12706  **    <li>an insert change if all fields of the conflicting row match
12707  **        the row being inserted.
12708  **    </ul>
12709  **
12710  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION <dd>
12711  **   If this flag it set, then all foreign key constraints in the target
12712  **   database behave as if they were declared with "ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON
12713  **   DELETE NO ACTION", even if they are actually CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL
12714  **   or SET DEFAULT.
12715  */
12716  #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
12717  #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
12718  #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP    0x0004
12719  #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION    0x0008
12720  
12721  /*
12722  ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
12723  **
12724  ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
12725  **
12726  ** <dl>
12727  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
12728  **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
12729  **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
12730  **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
12731  **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
12732  **   expected "before" values.
12733  **
12734  **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
12735  **   primary key.
12736  **
12737  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
12738  **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
12739  **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
12740  **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
12741  **
12742  **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
12743  **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
12744  **
12745  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
12746  **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
12747  **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
12748  **   in duplicate primary key values.
12749  **
12750  **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
12751  **   primary key.
12752  **
12753  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
12754  **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
12755  **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
12756  **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
12757  **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
12758  **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
12759  **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
12760  **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
12761  **
12762  **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
12763  **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
12764  **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
12765  **
12766  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
12767  **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
12768  **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
12769  **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
12770  **
12771  **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
12772  **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
12773  **
12774  ** </dl>
12775  */
12776  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
12777  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
12778  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
12779  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
12780  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
12781  
12782  /*
12783  ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
12784  **
12785  ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
12786  **
12787  ** <dl>
12788  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
12789  **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
12790  **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
12791  **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
12792  **
12793  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
12794  **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
12795  **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
12796  **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
12797  **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
12798  **
12799  **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
12800  **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
12801  **   on the type of change.
12802  **
12803  **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
12804  **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
12805  **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
12806  **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
12807  **
12808  ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
12809  **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
12810  **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
12811  ** </dl>
12812  */
12813  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
12814  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
12815  #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
12816  
12817  /*
12818  ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
12819  ** EXPERIMENTAL
12820  **
12821  ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
12822  ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
12823  ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
12824  ** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
12825  ** applied to the database. The database is then in state
12826  ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
12827  ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
12828  ** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
12829  ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
12830  ** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
12831  **
12832  ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
12833  ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
12834  **
12835  **   local:  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v1');
12836  **   remote: INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v2');
12837  **
12838  ** and the conflict resolution is REPLACE, then the INSERT change is
12839  ** removed from the local changeset (it was overridden). Or, if the
12840  ** conflict resolution was "OMIT", then the local changeset is modified
12841  ** to instead contain:
12842  **
12843  **           UPDATE t1 SET b = 'v2' WHERE a=1;
12844  **
12845  ** Changes within the local changeset are rebased as follows:
12846  **
12847  ** <dl>
12848  ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
12849  **   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
12850  **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
12851  **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
12852  **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
12853  **
12854  ** <dt>Local DELETE<dd>
12855  **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. In both cases the
12856  **   only possible resolution is OMIT. If the remote operation was a
12857  **   DELETE, then add no change to the rebased changeset. If the remote
12858  **   operation was an UPDATE, then the old.* fields of change are updated
12859  **   to reflect the new.* values in the UPDATE.
12860  **
12861  ** <dt>Local UPDATE<dd>
12862  **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. If it conflicts
12863  **   with a DELETE, and the conflict resolution was OMIT, then the update
12864  **   is changed into an INSERT. Any undefined values in the new.* record
12865  **   from the update change are filled in using the old.* values from
12866  **   the conflicting DELETE. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE,
12867  **   the UPDATE change is simply omitted from the rebased changeset.
12868  **
12869  **   If conflict is with a remote UPDATE and the resolution is OMIT, then
12870  **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
12871  **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
12872  **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
12873  **   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
12874  **   be updated, the change is omitted.
12875  ** </dl>
12876  **
12877  ** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
12878  ** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
12879  ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
12880  ** is rebased:
12881  **
12882  ** <ul>
12883  **    <li> If there has been one or more REPLACE resolutions on a
12884  **         key, it is rebased according to a REPLACE.
12885  **
12886  **    <li> If there have been no REPLACE resolutions on a key, then
12887  **         the local changeset is rebased according to the most recent
12888  **         of the OMIT resolutions.
12889  ** </ul>
12890  **
12891  ** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
12892  ** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
12893  ** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
12894  ** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
12895  ** OMIT.
12896  **
12897  ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
12898  ** be applied to the local database using sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and
12899  ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
12900  **
12901  ** <ol>
12902  **   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
12903  **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
12904  **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
12905  **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
12906  **        If the local changeset is to be rebased against multiple remote
12907  **        changesets, then sqlite3rebaser_configure() should be called
12908  **        multiple times, in the same order that the multiple
12909  **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() calls were made.
12910  **   <li> Each local changeset is rebased by calling sqlite3rebaser_rebase().
12911  **   <li> The sqlite3_rebaser object is deleted by calling
12912  **        sqlite3rebaser_delete().
12913  ** </ol>
12914  */
12915  typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
12916  
12917  /*
12918  ** CAPI3REF: Create a changeset rebaser object.
12919  ** EXPERIMENTAL
12920  **
12921  ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
12922  ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
12923  ** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
12924  ** to NULL.
12925  */
12926  SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
12927  
12928  /*
12929  ** CAPI3REF: Configure a changeset rebaser object.
12930  ** EXPERIMENTAL
12931  **
12932  ** Configure the changeset rebaser object to rebase changesets according
12933  ** to the conflict resolutions described by buffer pRebase (size nRebase
12934  ** bytes), which must have been obtained from a previous call to
12935  ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
12936  */
12937  SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
12938    sqlite3_rebaser*,
12939    int nRebase, const void *pRebase
12940  );
12941  
12942  /*
12943  ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
12944  ** EXPERIMENTAL
12945  **
12946  ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
12947  ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
12948  ** of the changeset rebased according to the configuration of the
12949  ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
12950  ** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changeset and
12951  ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
12952  ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
12953  ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
12954  ** are set to zero and an SQLite error code returned.
12955  */
12956  SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
12957    sqlite3_rebaser*,
12958    int nIn, const void *pIn,
12959    int *pnOut, void **ppOut
12960  );
12961  
12962  /*
12963  ** CAPI3REF: Delete a changeset rebaser object.
12964  ** EXPERIMENTAL
12965  **
12966  ** Delete the changeset rebaser object and all associated resources. There
12967  ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
12968  ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
12969  */
12970  SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
12971  
12972  /*
12973  ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
12974  **
12975  ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
12976  ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
12977  **
12978  ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
12979  **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
12980  **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
12981  **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
12982  **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
12983  **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
12984  **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
12985  **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
12986  **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
12987  ** </table>
12988  **
12989  ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
12990  ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
12991  ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
12992  ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
12993  ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
12994  ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
12995  ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
12996  **
12997  ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
12998  ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
12999  ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
13000  ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
13001  **
13002  **  <pre>
13003  **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
13004  **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
13005  **  </pre>
13006  **
13007  ** Is replaced by:
13008  **
13009  **  <pre>
13010  **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13011  **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
13012  **  </pre>
13013  **
13014  ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
13015  ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
13016  ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
13017  ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
13018  ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
13019  ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
13020  ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
13021  ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
13022  ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
13023  ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
13024  **
13025  ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
13026  ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
13027  ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
13028  ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
13029  ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
13030  **
13031  ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
13032  ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
13033  ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
13034  ** as:
13035  **
13036  **  <pre>
13037  **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
13038  **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
13039  **  </pre>
13040  **
13041  ** Is replaced by:
13042  **
13043  **  <pre>
13044  **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13045  **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
13046  **  </pre>
13047  **
13048  ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
13049  ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
13050  ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
13051  ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
13052  ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
13053  ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
13054  ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
13055  ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
13056  ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
13057  **
13058  ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
13059  ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
13060  ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
13061  */
13062  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
13063    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
13064    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
13065    void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
13066    int(*xFilter)(
13067      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
13068      const char *zTab              /* Table name */
13069    ),
13070    int(*xConflict)(
13071      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
13072      int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
13073      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
13074    ),
13075    void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
13076  );
13077  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm(
13078    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
13079    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
13080    void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
13081    int(*xFilter)(
13082      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
13083      const char *zTab              /* Table name */
13084    ),
13085    int(*xConflict)(
13086      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
13087      int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
13088      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
13089    ),
13090    void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
13091    void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
13092    int flags
13093  );
13094  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v3_strm(
13095    sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
13096    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
13097    void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
13098    int(*xFilter)(
13099      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
13100      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p
13101    ),
13102    int(*xConflict)(
13103      void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
13104      int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
13105      sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
13106    ),
13107    void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
13108    void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
13109    int flags
13110  );
13111  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
13112    int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13113    void *pInA,
13114    int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13115    void *pInB,
13116    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13117    void *pOut
13118  );
13119  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
13120    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13121    void *pIn,
13122    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13123    void *pOut
13124  );
13125  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
13126    sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
13127    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13128    void *pIn
13129  );
13130  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
13131    sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
13132    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13133    void *pIn,
13134    int flags
13135  );
13136  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
13137    sqlite3_session *pSession,
13138    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13139    void *pOut
13140  );
13141  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
13142    sqlite3_session *pSession,
13143    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13144    void *pOut
13145  );
13146  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
13147      int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13148      void *pIn
13149  );
13150  SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
13151      int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13152      void *pOut
13153  );
13154  SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
13155    sqlite3_rebaser *pRebaser,
13156    int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
13157    void *pIn,
13158    int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
13159    void *pOut
13160  );
13161  
13162  /*
13163  ** CAPI3REF: Configure global parameters
13164  **
13165  ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is used to make global configuration
13166  ** changes to the sessions module in order to tune it to the specific needs
13167  ** of the application.
13168  **
13169  ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is not threadsafe. If it is invoked
13170  ** while any other thread is inside any other sessions method then the
13171  ** results are undefined. Furthermore, if it is invoked after any sessions
13172  ** related objects have been created, the results are also undefined.
13173  **
13174  ** The first argument to the sqlite3session_config() function must be one
13175  ** of the SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_XXX constants defined below. The
13176  ** interpretation of the (void*) value passed as the second parameter and
13177  ** the effect of calling this function depends on the value of the first
13178  ** parameter.
13179  **
13180  ** <dl>
13181  ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE<dd>
13182  **    By default, the sessions module streaming interfaces attempt to input
13183  **    and output data in approximately 1 KiB chunks. This operand may be used
13184  **    to set and query the value of this configuration setting. The pointer
13185  **    passed as the second argument must point to a value of type (int).
13186  **    If this value is greater than 0, it is used as the new streaming data
13187  **    chunk size for both input and output. Before returning, the (int) value
13188  **    pointed to by pArg is set to the final value of the streaming interface
13189  **    chunk size.
13190  ** </dl>
13191  **
13192  ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
13193  ** otherwise.
13194  */
13195  SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg);
13196  
13197  /*
13198  ** CAPI3REF: Values for sqlite3session_config().
13199  */
13200  #define SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE 1
13201  
13202  /*
13203  ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
13204  */
13205  #ifdef __cplusplus
13206  }
13207  #endif
13208  
13209  #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
13210  
13211  /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
13212  /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
13213  /*
13214  ** 2014 May 31
13215  **
13216  ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
13217  ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
13218  **
13219  **    May you do good and not evil.
13220  **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
13221  **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
13222  **
13223  ******************************************************************************
13224  **
13225  ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
13226  ** FTS5 may be extended with:
13227  **
13228  **     * custom tokenizers, and
13229  **     * custom auxiliary functions.
13230  */
13231  
13232  
13233  #ifndef _FTS5_H
13234  #define _FTS5_H
13235  
13236  
13237  #ifdef __cplusplus
13238  extern "C" {
13239  #endif
13240  
13241  /*************************************************************************
13242  ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
13243  **
13244  ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
13245  ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
13246  */
13247  
13248  typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
13249  typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
13250  typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
13251  
13252  typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
13253    const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
13254    Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
13255    sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
13256    int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
13257    sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
13258  );
13259  
13260  struct Fts5PhraseIter {
13261    const unsigned char *a;
13262    const unsigned char *b;
13263  };
13264  
13265  /*
13266  ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
13267  **
13268  ** xUserData(pFts):
13269  **   Return a copy of the pUserData pointer passed to the xCreateFunction()
13270  **   API when the extension function was registered.
13271  **
13272  ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
13273  **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
13274  **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
13275  **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
13276  **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
13277  **   the FTS5 table.
13278  **
13279  **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
13280  **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
13281  **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
13282  **   returned.
13283  **
13284  ** xColumnCount(pFts):
13285  **   Return the number of columns in the table.
13286  **
13287  ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
13288  **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
13289  **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
13290  **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
13291  **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
13292  **
13293  **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
13294  **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
13295  **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
13296  **   returned.
13297  **
13298  **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
13299  **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
13300  **
13301  ** xColumnText:
13302  **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
13303  **   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
13304  **
13305  **   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of
13306  **   the current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
13307  **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
13308  **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
13309  **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
13310  **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
13311  **
13312  ** xPhraseCount:
13313  **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
13314  **
13315  ** xPhraseSize:
13316  **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
13317  **   number of phrases in the current query, as returned by xPhraseCount,
13318  **   0 is returned. Otherwise, this function returns the number of tokens in
13319  **   phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases are numbered starting from zero.
13320  **
13321  ** xInstCount:
13322  **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
13323  **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
13324  **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
13325  **
13326  **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13327  **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
13328  **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
13329  **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
13330  **
13331  ** xInst:
13332  **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
13333  **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
13334  **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
13335  **   output by xInstCount(). If iIdx is less than zero or greater than
13336  **   or equal to the value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
13337  **
13338  **   Otherwise, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
13339  **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
13340  **   first token of the phrase. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an
13341  **   error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
13342  **
13343  **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13344  **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
13345  **
13346  ** xRowid:
13347  **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
13348  **
13349  ** xTokenize:
13350  **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
13351  **
13352  ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
13353  **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
13354  **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
13355  **
13356  **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
13357  **
13358  **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
13359  **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
13360  **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
13361  **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
13362  **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
13363  **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
13364  **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
13365  **   the third argument to pUserData.
13366  **
13367  **   If parameter iPhrase is less than zero, or greater than or equal to
13368  **   the number of phrases in the query, as returned by xPhraseCount(),
13369  **   this function returns SQLITE_RANGE.
13370  **
13371  **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
13372  **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
13373  **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
13374  **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
13375  **
13376  **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
13377  **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
13378  **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
13379  **
13380  **
13381  ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
13382  **
13383  **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
13384  **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
13385  **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
13386  **   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
13387  **
13388  **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
13389  **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
13390  **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
13391  **   single auxiliary data context.
13392  **
13393  **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
13394  **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
13395  **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
13396  **   point.
13397  **
13398  **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
13399  **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
13400  **
13401  **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
13402  **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
13403  **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
13404  **   pointer before returning.
13405  **
13406  **
13407  ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
13408  **
13409  **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
13410  **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
13411  **
13412  **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
13413  **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
13414  **   if any, is not invoked.
13415  **
13416  **
13417  ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
13418  **
13419  **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
13420  **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
13421  **
13422  **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
13423  **
13424  ** xPhraseFirst()
13425  **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
13426  **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
13427  **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
13428  **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
13429  **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
13430  **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
13431  **
13432  **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
13433  **       int iCol, iOff;
13434  **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
13435  **           iCol>=0;
13436  **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
13437  **       ){
13438  **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
13439  **       }
13440  **
13441  **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
13442  **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
13443  **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
13444  **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
13445  **
13446  **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13447  **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
13448  **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
13449  **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
13450  **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
13451  **
13452  **   In all cases, matches are visited in (column ASC, offset ASC) order.
13453  **   i.e. all those in column 0, sorted by offset, followed by those in
13454  **   column 1, etc.
13455  **
13456  ** xPhraseNext()
13457  **   See xPhraseFirst above.
13458  **
13459  ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
13460  **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
13461  **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
13462  **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
13463  **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
13464  **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
13465  **
13466  **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
13467  **       int iCol;
13468  **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
13469  **           iCol>=0;
13470  **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
13471  **       ){
13472  **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
13473  **       }
13474  **
13475  **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13476  **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
13477  **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
13478  **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
13479  **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
13480  **
13481  **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
13482  **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
13483  **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
13484  **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
13485  **   "detail=column" tables.
13486  **
13487  ** xPhraseNextColumn()
13488  **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
13489  **
13490  ** xQueryToken(pFts5, iPhrase, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
13491  **   This is used to access token iToken of phrase iPhrase of the current
13492  **   query. Before returning, output parameter *ppToken is set to point
13493  **   to a buffer containing the requested token, and *pnToken to the
13494  **   size of this buffer in bytes.
13495  **
13496  **   If iPhrase or iToken are less than zero, or if iPhrase is greater than
13497  **   or equal to the number of phrases in the query as reported by
13498  **   xPhraseCount(), or if iToken is equal to or greater than the number of
13499  **   tokens in the phrase, SQLITE_RANGE is returned and *ppToken and *pnToken
13500       are both zeroed.
13501  **
13502  **   The output text is not a copy of the query text that specified the
13503  **   token. It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1
13504  **   tables, this includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
13505  **
13506  ** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
13507  **   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
13508  **   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
13509  **   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
13510  **   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
13511  **   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
13512  **   bytes.
13513  **
13514  **   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
13515  **   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
13516  **   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
13517  **
13518  **   This API may be slow in some cases if the token identified by parameters
13519  **   iIdx and iToken matched a prefix token in the query. In most cases, the
13520  **   first call to this API for each prefix token in the query is forced
13521  **   to scan the portion of the full-text index that matches the prefix
13522  **   token to collect the extra data required by this API. If the prefix
13523  **   token matches a large number of token instances in the document set,
13524  **   this may be a performance problem.
13525  **
13526  **   If the user knows in advance that a query may use this API for a
13527  **   prefix token, FTS5 may be configured to collect all required data as part
13528  **   of the initial querying of the full-text index, avoiding the second scan
13529  **   entirely. This also causes prefix queries that do not use this API to
13530  **   run more slowly and use more memory. FTS5 may be configured in this way
13531  **   either on a per-table basis using the [FTS5 insttoken | 'insttoken']
13532  **   option, or on a per-query basis using the
13533  **   [fts5_insttoken | fts5_insttoken()] user function.
13534  **
13535  **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13536  **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
13537  **
13538  ** xColumnLocale(pFts5, iIdx, pzLocale, pnLocale)
13539  **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
13540  **   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
13541  **
13542  **   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the locale associated
13543  **   with column iCol of the current row. Usually, there is no associated
13544  **   locale, and output parameters (*pzLocale) and (*pnLocale) are set
13545  **   to NULL and 0, respectively. However, if the fts5_locale() function
13546  **   was used to associate a locale with the value when it was inserted
13547  **   into the fts5 table, then (*pzLocale) is set to point to a nul-terminated
13548  **   buffer containing the name of the locale in utf-8 encoding. (*pnLocale)
13549  **   is set to the size in bytes of the buffer, not including the
13550  **   nul-terminator.
13551  **
13552  **   If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Or, if an error occurs, an
13553  **   SQLite error code is returned. The final value of the output parameters
13554  **   is undefined in this case.
13555  **
13556  ** xTokenize_v2:
13557  **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table. This
13558  **   API is the same as the xTokenize() API, except that it allows a tokenizer
13559  **   locale to be specified.
13560  */
13561  struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
13562    int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 4 */
13563  
13564    void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
13565  
13566    int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
13567    int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
13568    int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
13569  
13570    int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
13571      const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
13572      void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
13573      int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
13574    );
13575  
13576    int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
13577    int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
13578  
13579    int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
13580    int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
13581  
13582    sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
13583    int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
13584    int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
13585  
13586    int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
13587      int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
13588    );
13589    int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
13590    void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
13591  
13592    int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
13593    void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
13594  
13595    int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
13596    void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
13597  
13598    /* Below this point are iVersion>=3 only */
13599    int (*xQueryToken)(Fts5Context*,
13600        int iPhrase, int iToken,
13601        const char **ppToken, int *pnToken
13602    );
13603    int (*xInstToken)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int iToken, const char**, int*);
13604  
13605    /* Below this point are iVersion>=4 only */
13606    int (*xColumnLocale)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
13607    int (*xTokenize_v2)(Fts5Context*,
13608      const char *pText, int nText,      /* Text to tokenize */
13609      const char *pLocale, int nLocale,  /* Locale to pass to tokenizer */
13610      void *pCtx,                        /* Context passed to xToken() */
13611      int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
13612    );
13613  };
13614  
13615  /*
13616  ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
13617  *************************************************************************/
13618  
13619  /*************************************************************************
13620  ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
13621  **
13622  ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
13623  ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
13624  ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
13625  ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
13626  ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
13627  **
13628  ** xCreate:
13629  **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
13630  **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
13631  **
13632  **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
13633  **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer_v2 object
13634  **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
13635  **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
13636  **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
13637  **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
13638  **   to create the FTS5 table.
13639  **
13640  **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
13641  **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
13642  **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
13643  **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
13644  **   is undefined.
13645  **
13646  ** xDelete:
13647  **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
13648  **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
13649  **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
13650  **
13651  ** xTokenize:
13652  **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
13653  **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
13654  **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
13655  **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
13656  **
13657  **   The third argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
13658  **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
13659  **   four values:
13660  **
13661  **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
13662  **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
13663  **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
13664  **            FTS index.
13665  **
13666  **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
13667  **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
13668  **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
13669  **
13670  **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
13671  **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
13672  **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
13673  **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
13674  **
13675  **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
13676  **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
13677  **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
13678  **            on a columnsize=0 database.
13679  **   </ul>
13680  **
13681  **   The sixth and seventh arguments passed to xTokenize() - pLocale and
13682  **   nLocale - are a pointer to a buffer containing the locale to use for
13683  **   tokenization (e.g. "en_US") and its size in bytes, respectively. The
13684  **   pLocale buffer is not nul-terminated. pLocale may be passed NULL (in
13685  **   which case nLocale is always 0) to indicate that the tokenizer should
13686  **   use its default locale.
13687  **
13688  **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
13689  **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
13690  **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
13691  **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
13692  **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
13693  **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
13694  **   which the token is derived within the input.
13695  **
13696  **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
13697  **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
13698  **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
13699  **
13700  **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
13701  **   order that they occur within the input text.
13702  **
13703  **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
13704  **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
13705  **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
13706  **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
13707  **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
13708  **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
13709  **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
13710  **
13711  **   If the tokenizer is registered using an fts5_tokenizer_v2 object,
13712  **   then the xTokenize() method has two additional arguments - pLocale
13713  **   and nLocale. These specify the locale that the tokenizer should use
13714  **   for the current request. If pLocale and nLocale are both 0, then the
13715  **   tokenizer should use its default locale. Otherwise, pLocale points to
13716  **   an nLocale byte buffer containing the name of the locale to use as utf-8
13717  **   text. pLocale is not nul-terminated.
13718  **
13719  ** FTS5_TOKENIZER
13720  **
13721  ** There is also an fts5_tokenizer object. This is an older, deprecated,
13722  ** version of fts5_tokenizer_v2. It is similar except that:
13723  **
13724  **  <ul>
13725  **    <li> There is no "iVersion" field, and
13726  **    <li> The xTokenize() method does not take a locale argument.
13727  **  </ul>
13728  **
13729  ** Legacy fts5_tokenizer tokenizers must be registered using the
13730  ** legacy xCreateTokenizer() function, instead of xCreateTokenizer_v2().
13731  **
13732  ** Tokenizer implementations registered using either API may be retrieved
13733  ** using both xFindTokenizer() and xFindTokenizer_v2().
13734  **
13735  ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
13736  **
13737  **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
13738  **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
13739  **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
13740  **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
13741  **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
13742  **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
13743  **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
13744  **
13745  **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
13746  **
13747  **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
13748  **            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
13749  **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
13750  **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
13751  **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
13752  **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
13753  **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
13754  **            as expected.
13755  **
13756  **       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
13757  **            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
13758  **            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
13759  **            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
13760  **            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
13761  **
13762  **   <codeblock>
13763  **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
13764  **
13765  **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
13766  **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
13767  **            similar to:
13768  **
13769  **   <codeblock>
13770  **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
13771  **
13772  **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
13773  **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
13774  **            being treated as a single phrase.
13775  **
13776  **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
13777  **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
13778  **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
13779  **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
13780  **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
13781  **            "place".
13782  **
13783  **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
13784  **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
13785  **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
13786  **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
13787  **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
13788  **   </ol>
13789  **
13790  **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
13791  **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
13792  **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
13793  **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
13794  **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
13795  **
13796  **   <codeblock>
13797  **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
13798  **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
13799  **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
13800  **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
13801  **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
13802  **</codeblock>
13803  **
13804  **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
13805  **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
13806  **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
13807  **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
13808  **   single token.
13809  **
13810  **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
13811  **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
13812  **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
13813  **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
13814  **   token "first" is substituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
13815  **
13816  **   <codeblock>
13817  **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
13818  **
13819  **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
13820  **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
13821  **
13822  **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
13823  **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
13824  **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
13825  **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
13826  **   within the database.
13827  **
13828  **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
13829  **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
13830  **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
13831  **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
13832  **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
13833  **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
13834  **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
13835  **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
13836  **
13837  **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
13838  **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (3)) or query
13839  **   text (method (2)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
13840  **   inefficient.
13841  */
13842  typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
13843  typedef struct fts5_tokenizer_v2 fts5_tokenizer_v2;
13844  struct fts5_tokenizer_v2 {
13845    int iVersion;             /* Currently always 2 */
13846  
13847    int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
13848    void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
13849    int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
13850        void *pCtx,
13851        int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
13852        const char *pText, int nText,
13853        const char *pLocale, int nLocale,
13854        int (*xToken)(
13855          void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
13856          int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
13857          const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
13858          int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
13859          int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
13860          int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
13861        )
13862    );
13863  };
13864  
13865  /*
13866  ** New code should use the fts5_tokenizer_v2 type to define tokenizer
13867  ** implementations. The following type is included for legacy applications
13868  ** that still use it.
13869  */
13870  typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
13871  struct fts5_tokenizer {
13872    int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
13873    void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
13874    int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
13875        void *pCtx,
13876        int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
13877        const char *pText, int nText,
13878        int (*xToken)(
13879          void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
13880          int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
13881          const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
13882          int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
13883          int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
13884          int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
13885        )
13886    );
13887  };
13888  
13889  
13890  /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
13891  #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
13892  #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
13893  #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
13894  #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
13895  
13896  /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
13897  ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
13898  #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
13899  
13900  /*
13901  ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
13902  *************************************************************************/
13903  
13904  /*************************************************************************
13905  ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
13906  */
13907  typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
13908  struct fts5_api {
13909    int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
13910  
13911    /* Create a new tokenizer */
13912    int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
13913      fts5_api *pApi,
13914      const char *zName,
13915      void *pUserData,
13916      fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
13917      void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13918    );
13919  
13920    /* Find an existing tokenizer */
13921    int (*xFindTokenizer)(
13922      fts5_api *pApi,
13923      const char *zName,
13924      void **ppUserData,
13925      fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
13926    );
13927  
13928    /* Create a new auxiliary function */
13929    int (*xCreateFunction)(
13930      fts5_api *pApi,
13931      const char *zName,
13932      void *pUserData,
13933      fts5_extension_function xFunction,
13934      void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13935    );
13936  
13937    /* APIs below this point are only available if iVersion>=3 */
13938  
13939    /* Create a new tokenizer */
13940    int (*xCreateTokenizer_v2)(
13941      fts5_api *pApi,
13942      const char *zName,
13943      void *pUserData,
13944      fts5_tokenizer_v2 *pTokenizer,
13945      void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13946    );
13947  
13948    /* Find an existing tokenizer */
13949    int (*xFindTokenizer_v2)(
13950      fts5_api *pApi,
13951      const char *zName,
13952      void **ppUserData,
13953      fts5_tokenizer_v2 **ppTokenizer
13954    );
13955  };
13956  
13957  /*
13958  ** END OF REGISTRATION API
13959  *************************************************************************/
13960  
13961  #ifdef __cplusplus
13962  }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
13963  #endif
13964  
13965  #endif /* _FTS5_H */
13966  
13967  /******** End of fts5.h *********/
13968  #endif /* SQLITE3_H */