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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/favicon.ico" /><style type="text/css"> 4 TD {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 5 BODY {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; margin-top: 2em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em} 6 H1 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 7 H2 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 8 H3 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica} 9 A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: underline } 10 </style><title>Catalog support</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#a06060" vlink="#000000"><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"><tr><td width="120"><a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/"><img src="epatents.png" alt="Action against software 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cellpadding="1" width="100%"><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><p>Table of Content:</p><ol> 11 <li><a href="General2">General overview</a></li> 12 <li><a href="#definition">The definition</a></li> 13 <li><a href="#Simple">Using catalogs</a></li> 14 <li><a href="#Some">Some examples</a></li> 15 <li><a href="#reference">How to tune catalog usage</a></li> 16 <li><a href="#validate">How to debug catalog processing</a></li> 17 <li><a href="#Declaring">How to create and maintain catalogs</a></li> 18 <li><a href="#implemento">The implementor corner quick review of the 19 API</a></li> 20 <li><a href="#Other">Other resources</a></li> 21 </ol><h3><a name="General2" id="General2">General overview</a></h3><p>What is a catalog? Basically it's a lookup mechanism used when an entity 22 (a file or a remote resource) references another entity. The catalog lookup 23 is inserted between the moment the reference is recognized by the software 24 (XML parser, stylesheet processing, or even images referenced for inclusion 25 in a rendering) and the time where loading that resource is actually 26 started.</p><p>It is basically used for 3 things:</p><ul> 27 <li>mapping from "logical" names, the public identifiers and a more 28 concrete name usable for download (and URI). For example it can associate 29 the logical name 30 <p>"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"</p> 31 <p>of the DocBook 4.1.2 XML DTD with the actual URL where it can be 32 downloaded</p> 33 <p>http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd</p> 34 </li> 35 <li>remapping from a given URL to another one, like an HTTP indirection 36 saying that 37 <p>"http://www.oasis-open.org/committes/tr.xsl"</p> 38 <p>should really be looked at</p> 39 <p>"http://www.oasis-open.org/committes/entity/stylesheets/base/tr.xsl"</p> 40 </li> 41 <li>providing a local cache mechanism allowing to load the entities 42 associated to public identifiers or remote resources, this is a really 43 important feature for any significant deployment of XML or SGML since it 44 allows to avoid the aleas and delays associated to fetching remote 45 resources.</li> 46 </ul><h3><a name="definition" id="definition">The definitions</a></h3><p>Libxml, as of 2.4.3 implements 2 kind of catalogs:</p><ul> 47 <li>the older SGML catalogs, the official spec is SGML Open Technical 48 Resolution TR9401:1997, but is better understood by reading <a href="http://www.jclark.com/sp/catalog.htm">the SP Catalog page</a> from 49 James Clark. This is relatively old and not the preferred mode of 50 operation of libxml.</li> 51 <li><a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/spec.html">XML 52 Catalogs</a> is far more flexible, more recent, uses an XML syntax and 53 should scale quite better. This is the default option of libxml.</li> 54 </ul><p></p><h3><a name="Simple" id="Simple">Using catalog</a></h3><p>In a normal environment libxml2 will by default check the presence of a 55 catalog in /etc/xml/catalog, and assuming it has been correctly populated, 56 the processing is completely transparent to the document user. To take a 57 concrete example, suppose you are authoring a DocBook document, this one 58 starts with the following DOCTYPE definition:</p><pre><?xml version='1.0'?> 59 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBk XML V3.1.4//EN" 60 "http://nwalsh.com/docbook/xml/3.1.4/db3xml.dtd"></pre><p>When validating the document with libxml, the catalog will be 61 automatically consulted to lookup the public identifier "-//Norman Walsh//DTD 62 DocBk XML V3.1.4//EN" and the system identifier 63 "http://nwalsh.com/docbook/xml/3.1.4/db3xml.dtd", and if these entities have 64 been installed on your system and the catalogs actually point to them, libxml 65 will fetch them from the local disk.</p><p style="font-size: 10pt"><strong>Note</strong>: Really don't use this 66 DOCTYPE example it's a really old version, but is fine as an example.</p><p>Libxml2 will check the catalog each time that it is requested to load an 67 entity, this includes DTD, external parsed entities, stylesheets, etc ... If 68 your system is correctly configured all the authoring phase and processing 69 should use only local files, even if your document stays portable because it 70 uses the canonical public and system ID, referencing the remote document.</p><h3><a name="Some" id="Some">Some examples:</a></h3><p>Here is a couple of fragments from XML Catalogs used in libxml2 early 71 regression tests in <code>test/catalogs</code> :</p><pre><?xml version="1.0"?> 72 <!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC 73 "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN" 74 "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd"> 75 <catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"> 76 <public publicId="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" 77 uri="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"/> 78 ...</pre><p>This is the beginning of a catalog for DocBook 4.1.2, XML Catalogs are 79 written in XML, there is a specific namespace for catalog elements 80 "urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog". The first entry in this 81 catalog is a <code>public</code> mapping it allows to associate a Public 82 Identifier with an URI.</p><pre>... 83 <rewriteSystem systemIdStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/" 84 rewritePrefix="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook/"/> 85 ...</pre><p>A <code>rewriteSystem</code> is a very powerful instruction, it says that 86 any URI starting with a given prefix should be looked at another URI 87 constructed by replacing the prefix with an new one. In effect this acts like 88 a cache system for a full area of the Web. In practice it is extremely useful 89 with a file prefix if you have installed a copy of those resources on your 90 local system.</p><pre>... 91 <delegatePublic publicIdStartString="-//OASIS//DTD XML Catalog //" 92 catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/> 93 <delegatePublic publicIdStartString="-//OASIS//ENTITIES DocBook XML" 94 catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/> 95 <delegatePublic publicIdStartString="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML" 96 catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/> 97 <delegateSystem systemIdStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/" 98 catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/> 99 <delegateURI uriStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/" 100 catalog="file:///usr/share/xml/docbook.xml"/> 101 ...</pre><p>Delegation is the core features which allows to build a tree of catalogs, 102 easier to maintain than a single catalog, based on Public Identifier, System 103 Identifier or URI prefixes it instructs the catalog software to look up 104 entries in another resource. This feature allow to build hierarchies of 105 catalogs, the set of entries presented should be sufficient to redirect the 106 resolution of all DocBook references to the specific catalog in 107 <code>/usr/share/xml/docbook.xml</code> this one in turn could delegate all 108 references for DocBook 4.2.1 to a specific catalog installed at the same time 109 as the DocBook resources on the local machine.</p><h3><a name="reference" id="reference">How to tune catalog usage:</a></h3><p>The user can change the default catalog behaviour by redirecting queries 110 to its own set of catalogs, this can be done by setting the 111 <code>XML_CATALOG_FILES</code> environment variable to a list of catalogs, an 112 empty one should deactivate loading the default <code>/etc/xml/catalog</code> 113 default catalog</p><h3><a name="validate" id="validate">How to debug catalog processing:</a></h3><p>Setting up the <code>XML_DEBUG_CATALOG</code> environment variable will 114 make libxml2 output debugging information for each catalog operations, for 115 example:</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> xmllint --memory --noout test/ent2 116 warning: failed to load external entity "title.xml" 117 orchis:~/XML -> export XML_DEBUG_CATALOG= 118 orchis:~/XML -> xmllint --memory --noout test/ent2 119 Failed to parse catalog /etc/xml/catalog 120 Failed to parse catalog /etc/xml/catalog 121 warning: failed to load external entity "title.xml" 122 Catalogs cleanup 123 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>The test/ent2 references an entity, running the parser from memory makes 124 the base URI unavailable and the the "title.xml" entity cannot be loaded. 125 Setting up the debug environment variable allows to detect that an attempt is 126 made to load the <code>/etc/xml/catalog</code> but since it's not present the 127 resolution fails.</p><p>But the most advanced way to debug XML catalog processing is to use the 128 <strong>xmlcatalog</strong> command shipped with libxml2, it allows to load 129 catalogs and make resolution queries to see what is going on. This is also 130 used for the regression tests:</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog test/catalogs/docbook.xml \ 131 "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" 132 http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd 133 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>For debugging what is going on, adding one -v flags increase the verbosity 134 level to indicate the processing done (adding a second flag also indicate 135 what elements are recognized at parsing):</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog -v test/catalogs/docbook.xml \ 136 "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" 137 Parsing catalog test/catalogs/docbook.xml's content 138 Found public match -//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN 139 http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd 140 Catalogs cleanup 141 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>A shell interface is also available to debug and process multiple queries 142 (and for regression tests):</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog -shell test/catalogs/docbook.xml \ 143 "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" 144 > help 145 Commands available: 146 public PublicID: make a PUBLIC identifier lookup 147 system SystemID: make a SYSTEM identifier lookup 148 resolve PublicID SystemID: do a full resolver lookup 149 add 'type' 'orig' 'replace' : add an entry 150 del 'values' : remove values 151 dump: print the current catalog state 152 debug: increase the verbosity level 153 quiet: decrease the verbosity level 154 exit: quit the shell 155 > public "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" 156 http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd 157 > quit 158 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>This should be sufficient for most debugging purpose, this was actually 159 used heavily to debug the XML Catalog implementation itself.</p><h3><a name="Declaring" id="Declaring">How to create and maintain</a> catalogs:</h3><p>Basically XML Catalogs are XML files, you can either use XML tools to 160 manage them or use <strong>xmlcatalog</strong> for this. The basic step is 161 to create a catalog the -create option provide this facility:</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog --create tst.xml 162 <?xml version="1.0"?> 163 <!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN" 164 "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd"> 165 <catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"/> 166 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>By default xmlcatalog does not overwrite the original catalog and save the 167 result on the standard output, this can be overridden using the -noout 168 option. The <code>-add</code> command allows to add entries in the 169 catalog:</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog --noout --create --add "public" \ 170 "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" \ 171 http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd tst.xml 172 orchis:~/XML -> cat tst.xml 173 <?xml version="1.0"?> 174 <!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN" \ 175 "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd"> 176 <catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"> 177 <public publicId="-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN" 178 uri="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd"/> 179 </catalog> 180 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>The <code>-add</code> option will always take 3 parameters even if some of 181 the XML Catalog constructs (like nextCatalog) will have only a single 182 argument, just pass a third empty string, it will be ignored.</p><p>Similarly the <code>-del</code> option remove matching entries from the 183 catalog:</p><pre>orchis:~/XML -> ./xmlcatalog --del \ 184 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" tst.xml 185 <?xml version="1.0"?> 186 <!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN" 187 "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd"> 188 <catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog"/> 189 orchis:~/XML -> </pre><p>The catalog is now empty. Note that the matching of <code>-del</code> is 190 exact and would have worked in a similar fashion with the Public ID 191 string.</p><p>This is rudimentary but should be sufficient to manage a not too complex 192 catalog tree of resources.</p><h3><a name="implemento" id="implemento">The implementor corner quick review of the 193 API:</a></h3><p>First, and like for every other module of libxml, there is an 194 automatically generated <a href="html/libxml-catalog.html">API page for 195 catalog support</a>.</p><p>The header for the catalog interfaces should be included as:</p><pre>#include <libxml/catalog.h></pre><p>The API is voluntarily kept very simple. First it is not obvious that 196 applications really need access to it since it is the default behaviour of 197 libxml2 (Note: it is possible to completely override libxml2 default catalog 198 by using <a href="html/libxml-parser.html">xmlSetExternalEntityLoader</a> to 199 plug an application specific resolver).</p><p>Basically libxml2 support 2 catalog lists:</p><ul> 200 <li>the default one, global shared by all the application</li> 201 <li>a per-document catalog, this one is built if the document uses the 202 <code>oasis-xml-catalog</code> PIs to specify its own catalog list, it is 203 associated to the parser context and destroyed when the parsing context 204 is destroyed.</li> 205 </ul><p>the document one will be used first if it exists.</p><h4>Initialization routines:</h4><p>xmlInitializeCatalog(), xmlLoadCatalog() and xmlLoadCatalogs() should be 206 used at startup to initialize the catalog, if the catalog should be 207 initialized with specific values xmlLoadCatalog() or xmlLoadCatalogs() 208 should be called before xmlInitializeCatalog() which would otherwise do a 209 default initialization first.</p><p>The xmlCatalogAddLocal() call is used by the parser to grow the document 210 own catalog list if needed.</p><h4>Preferences setup:</h4><p>The XML Catalog spec requires the possibility to select default 211 preferences between public and system delegation, 212 xmlCatalogSetDefaultPrefer() allows this, xmlCatalogSetDefaults() and 213 xmlCatalogGetDefaults() allow to control if XML Catalogs resolution should 214 be forbidden, allowed for global catalog, for document catalog or both, the 215 default is to allow both.</p><p>And of course xmlCatalogSetDebug() allows to generate debug messages 216 (through the xmlGenericError() mechanism).</p><h4>Querying routines:</h4><p>xmlCatalogResolve(), xmlCatalogResolveSystem(), xmlCatalogResolvePublic() 217 and xmlCatalogResolveURI() are relatively explicit if you read the XML 218 Catalog specification they correspond to section 7 algorithms, they should 219 also work if you have loaded an SGML catalog with a simplified semantic.</p><p>xmlCatalogLocalResolve() and xmlCatalogLocalResolveURI() are the same but 220 operate on the document catalog list</p><h4>Cleanup and Miscellaneous:</h4><p>xmlCatalogCleanup() free-up the global catalog, xmlCatalogFreeLocal() is 221 the per-document equivalent.</p><p>xmlCatalogAdd() and xmlCatalogRemove() are used to dynamically modify the 222 first catalog in the global list, and xmlCatalogDump() allows to dump a 223 catalog state, those routines are primarily designed for xmlcatalog, I'm not 224 sure that exposing more complex interfaces (like navigation ones) would be 225 really useful.</p><p>The xmlParseCatalogFile() is a function used to load XML Catalog files, 226 it's similar as xmlParseFile() except it bypass all catalog lookups, it's 227 provided because this functionality may be useful for client tools.</p><h4>threaded environments:</h4><p>Since the catalog tree is built progressively, some care has been taken to 228 try to avoid troubles in multithreaded environments. The code is now thread 229 safe assuming that the libxml2 library has been compiled with threads 230 support.</p><p></p><h3><a name="Other" id="Other">Other resources</a></h3><p>The XML Catalog specification is relatively recent so there isn't much 231 literature to point at:</p><ul> 232 <li>You can find a good rant from Norm Walsh about <a href="http://www.arbortext.com/Think_Tank/XML_Resources/Issue_Three/issue_three.html">the 233 need for catalogs</a>, it provides a lot of context information even if 234 I don't agree with everything presented. Norm also wrote a more recent 235 article <a href="http://wwws.sun.com/software/xml/developers/resolver/article/">XML 236 entities and URI resolvers</a> describing them.</li> 237 <li>An <a href="http://home.ccil.org/~cowan/XML/XCatalog.html">old XML 238 catalog proposal</a> from John Cowan</li> 239 <li>The <a href="http://www.rddl.org/">Resource Directory Description 240 Language</a> (RDDL) another catalog system but more oriented toward 241 providing metadata for XML namespaces.</li> 242 <li>the page from the OASIS Technical <a href="http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/">Committee on Entity 243 Resolution</a> who maintains XML Catalog, you will find pointers to the 244 specification update, some background and pointers to others tools 245 providing XML Catalog support</li> 246 <li>There is a <a href="buildDocBookCatalog">shell script</a> to generate 247 XML Catalogs for DocBook 4.1.2 . If it can write to the /etc/xml/ 248 directory, it will set-up /etc/xml/catalog and /etc/xml/docbook based on 249 the resources found on the system. Otherwise it will just create 250 ~/xmlcatalog and ~/dbkxmlcatalog and doing: 251 <p><code>export XML_CATALOG_FILES=$HOME/xmlcatalog</code></p> 252 <p>should allow to process DocBook documentations without requiring 253 network accesses for the DTD or stylesheets</p> 254 </li> 255 <li>I have uploaded <a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/test/dbk412catalog.tar.gz">a 256 small tarball</a> containing XML Catalogs for DocBook 4.1.2 which seems 257 to work fine for me too</li> 258 <li>The <a href="http://www.xmlsoft.org/xmlcatalog_man.html">xmlcatalog 259 manual page</a></li> 260 </ul><p>If you have suggestions for corrections or additions, simply contact 261 me:</p><p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html>