/ src / netbase.cpp
netbase.cpp
  1  // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
  2  // Copyright (c) 2009-present The Bitcoin Core developers
  3  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
  4  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
  5  
  6  #include <bitcoin-build-config.h> // IWYU pragma: keep
  7  
  8  #include <netbase.h>
  9  
 10  #include <compat/compat.h>
 11  #include <logging.h>
 12  #include <sync.h>
 13  #include <tinyformat.h>
 14  #include <util/sock.h>
 15  #include <util/strencodings.h>
 16  #include <util/string.h>
 17  #include <util/time.h>
 18  
 19  #include <atomic>
 20  #include <chrono>
 21  #include <cstdint>
 22  #include <functional>
 23  #include <limits>
 24  #include <memory>
 25  
 26  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_UN
 27  #include <sys/un.h>
 28  #endif
 29  
 30  using util::ContainsNoNUL;
 31  
 32  // Settings
 33  static GlobalMutex g_proxyinfo_mutex;
 34  static Proxy proxyInfo[NET_MAX] GUARDED_BY(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
 35  static Proxy nameProxy GUARDED_BY(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
 36  int nConnectTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT;
 37  bool fNameLookup = DEFAULT_NAME_LOOKUP;
 38  
 39  // Need ample time for negotiation for very slow proxies such as Tor
 40  std::chrono::milliseconds g_socks5_recv_timeout = 20s;
 41  CThreadInterrupt g_socks5_interrupt;
 42  
 43  ReachableNets g_reachable_nets;
 44  
 45  std::vector<CNetAddr> WrappedGetAddrInfo(const std::string& name, bool allow_lookup)
 46  {
 47      addrinfo ai_hint{};
 48      // We want a TCP port, which is a streaming socket type
 49      ai_hint.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
 50      ai_hint.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
 51      // We don't care which address family (IPv4 or IPv6) is returned
 52      ai_hint.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
 53  
 54      // If we allow lookups of hostnames, use the AI_ADDRCONFIG flag to only
 55      // return addresses whose family we have an address configured for.
 56      //
 57      // If we don't allow lookups, then use the AI_NUMERICHOST flag for
 58      // getaddrinfo to only decode numerical network addresses and suppress
 59      // hostname lookups.
 60      ai_hint.ai_flags = allow_lookup ? AI_ADDRCONFIG : AI_NUMERICHOST;
 61  
 62      addrinfo* ai_res{nullptr};
 63      const int n_err{getaddrinfo(name.c_str(), nullptr, &ai_hint, &ai_res)};
 64      if (n_err != 0) {
 65          if ((ai_hint.ai_flags & AI_ADDRCONFIG) == AI_ADDRCONFIG) {
 66              // AI_ADDRCONFIG on some systems may exclude loopback-only addresses
 67              // If first lookup failed we perform a second lookup without AI_ADDRCONFIG
 68              ai_hint.ai_flags = (ai_hint.ai_flags & ~AI_ADDRCONFIG);
 69              const int n_err_retry{getaddrinfo(name.c_str(), nullptr, &ai_hint, &ai_res)};
 70              if (n_err_retry != 0) {
 71                  return {};
 72              }
 73          } else {
 74              return {};
 75          }
 76      }
 77  
 78      // Traverse the linked list starting with ai_trav.
 79      addrinfo* ai_trav{ai_res};
 80      std::vector<CNetAddr> resolved_addresses;
 81      while (ai_trav != nullptr) {
 82          if (ai_trav->ai_family == AF_INET) {
 83              assert(ai_trav->ai_addrlen >= sizeof(sockaddr_in));
 84              resolved_addresses.emplace_back(reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in*>(ai_trav->ai_addr)->sin_addr);
 85          }
 86          if (ai_trav->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
 87              assert(ai_trav->ai_addrlen >= sizeof(sockaddr_in6));
 88              const sockaddr_in6* s6{reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in6*>(ai_trav->ai_addr)};
 89              resolved_addresses.emplace_back(s6->sin6_addr, s6->sin6_scope_id);
 90          }
 91          ai_trav = ai_trav->ai_next;
 92      }
 93      freeaddrinfo(ai_res);
 94  
 95      return resolved_addresses;
 96  }
 97  
 98  DNSLookupFn g_dns_lookup{WrappedGetAddrInfo};
 99  
100  enum Network ParseNetwork(const std::string& net_in) {
101      std::string net = ToLower(net_in);
102      if (net == "ipv4") return NET_IPV4;
103      if (net == "ipv6") return NET_IPV6;
104      if (net == "onion") return NET_ONION;
105      if (net == "i2p") {
106          return NET_I2P;
107      }
108      if (net == "cjdns") {
109          return NET_CJDNS;
110      }
111      return NET_UNROUTABLE;
112  }
113  
114  std::string GetNetworkName(enum Network net)
115  {
116      switch (net) {
117      case NET_UNROUTABLE: return "not_publicly_routable";
118      case NET_IPV4: return "ipv4";
119      case NET_IPV6: return "ipv6";
120      case NET_ONION: return "onion";
121      case NET_I2P: return "i2p";
122      case NET_CJDNS: return "cjdns";
123      case NET_INTERNAL: return "internal";
124      case NET_MAX: assert(false);
125      } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
126  
127      assert(false);
128  }
129  
130  std::vector<std::string> GetNetworkNames(bool append_unroutable)
131  {
132      std::vector<std::string> names;
133      for (int n = 0; n < NET_MAX; ++n) {
134          const enum Network network{static_cast<Network>(n)};
135          if (network == NET_UNROUTABLE || network == NET_INTERNAL) continue;
136          names.emplace_back(GetNetworkName(network));
137      }
138      if (append_unroutable) {
139          names.emplace_back(GetNetworkName(NET_UNROUTABLE));
140      }
141      return names;
142  }
143  
144  static std::vector<CNetAddr> LookupIntern(const std::string& name, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, bool fAllowLookup, DNSLookupFn dns_lookup_function)
145  {
146      if (!ContainsNoNUL(name)) return {};
147      {
148          CNetAddr addr;
149          // From our perspective, onion addresses are not hostnames but rather
150          // direct encodings of CNetAddr much like IPv4 dotted-decimal notation
151          // or IPv6 colon-separated hextet notation. Since we can't use
152          // getaddrinfo to decode them and it wouldn't make sense to resolve
153          // them, we return a network address representing it instead. See
154          // CNetAddr::SetSpecial(const std::string&) for more details.
155          if (addr.SetSpecial(name)) return {addr};
156      }
157  
158      std::vector<CNetAddr> addresses;
159  
160      for (const CNetAddr& resolved : dns_lookup_function(name, fAllowLookup)) {
161          if (nMaxSolutions > 0 && addresses.size() >= nMaxSolutions) {
162              break;
163          }
164          /* Never allow resolving to an internal address. Consider any such result invalid */
165          if (!resolved.IsInternal()) {
166              addresses.push_back(resolved);
167          }
168      }
169  
170      return addresses;
171  }
172  
173  std::vector<CNetAddr> LookupHost(const std::string& name, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, bool fAllowLookup, DNSLookupFn dns_lookup_function)
174  {
175      if (!ContainsNoNUL(name)) return {};
176      std::string strHost = name;
177      if (strHost.empty()) return {};
178      if (strHost.front() == '[' && strHost.back() == ']') {
179          strHost = strHost.substr(1, strHost.size() - 2);
180      }
181  
182      return LookupIntern(strHost, nMaxSolutions, fAllowLookup, dns_lookup_function);
183  }
184  
185  std::optional<CNetAddr> LookupHost(const std::string& name, bool fAllowLookup, DNSLookupFn dns_lookup_function)
186  {
187      const std::vector<CNetAddr> addresses{LookupHost(name, 1, fAllowLookup, dns_lookup_function)};
188      return addresses.empty() ? std::nullopt : std::make_optional(addresses.front());
189  }
190  
191  std::vector<CService> Lookup(const std::string& name, uint16_t portDefault, bool fAllowLookup, unsigned int nMaxSolutions, DNSLookupFn dns_lookup_function)
192  {
193      if (name.empty() || !ContainsNoNUL(name)) {
194          return {};
195      }
196      uint16_t port{portDefault};
197      std::string hostname;
198      SplitHostPort(name, port, hostname);
199  
200      const std::vector<CNetAddr> addresses{LookupIntern(hostname, nMaxSolutions, fAllowLookup, dns_lookup_function)};
201      if (addresses.empty()) return {};
202      std::vector<CService> services;
203      services.reserve(addresses.size());
204      for (const auto& addr : addresses)
205          services.emplace_back(addr, port);
206      return services;
207  }
208  
209  std::optional<CService> Lookup(const std::string& name, uint16_t portDefault, bool fAllowLookup, DNSLookupFn dns_lookup_function)
210  {
211      const std::vector<CService> services{Lookup(name, portDefault, fAllowLookup, 1, dns_lookup_function)};
212  
213      return services.empty() ? std::nullopt : std::make_optional(services.front());
214  }
215  
216  CService LookupNumeric(const std::string& name, uint16_t portDefault, DNSLookupFn dns_lookup_function)
217  {
218      if (!ContainsNoNUL(name)) {
219          return {};
220      }
221      // "1.2:345" will fail to resolve the ip, but will still set the port.
222      // If the ip fails to resolve, re-init the result.
223      return Lookup(name, portDefault, /*fAllowLookup=*/false, dns_lookup_function).value_or(CService{});
224  }
225  
226  bool IsUnixSocketPath(const std::string& name)
227  {
228  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_UN
229      if (!name.starts_with(ADDR_PREFIX_UNIX)) return false;
230  
231      // Split off "unix:" prefix
232      std::string str{name.substr(ADDR_PREFIX_UNIX.length())};
233  
234      // Path size limit is platform-dependent
235      // see https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man7/unix.7.html
236      if (str.size() + 1 > sizeof(((sockaddr_un*)nullptr)->sun_path)) return false;
237  
238      return true;
239  #else
240      return false;
241  #endif
242  }
243  
244  /** SOCKS version */
245  enum SOCKSVersion: uint8_t {
246      SOCKS4 = 0x04,
247      SOCKS5 = 0x05
248  };
249  
250  /** Values defined for METHOD in RFC1928 */
251  enum SOCKS5Method: uint8_t {
252      NOAUTH = 0x00,        //!< No authentication required
253      GSSAPI = 0x01,        //!< GSSAPI
254      USER_PASS = 0x02,     //!< Username/password
255      NO_ACCEPTABLE = 0xff, //!< No acceptable methods
256  };
257  
258  /** Values defined for CMD in RFC1928 */
259  enum SOCKS5Command: uint8_t {
260      CONNECT = 0x01,
261      BIND = 0x02,
262      UDP_ASSOCIATE = 0x03
263  };
264  
265  /** Values defined for REP in RFC1928 and https://spec.torproject.org/socks-extensions.html */
266  enum SOCKS5Reply: uint8_t {
267      SUCCEEDED = 0x00,                  //!< RFC1928: Succeeded
268      GENFAILURE = 0x01,                 //!< RFC1928: General failure
269      NOTALLOWED = 0x02,                 //!< RFC1928: Connection not allowed by ruleset
270      NETUNREACHABLE = 0x03,             //!< RFC1928: Network unreachable
271      HOSTUNREACHABLE = 0x04,            //!< RFC1928: Network unreachable
272      CONNREFUSED = 0x05,                //!< RFC1928: Connection refused
273      TTLEXPIRED = 0x06,                 //!< RFC1928: TTL expired
274      CMDUNSUPPORTED = 0x07,             //!< RFC1928: Command not supported
275      ATYPEUNSUPPORTED = 0x08,           //!< RFC1928: Address type not supported
276      TOR_HS_DESC_NOT_FOUND = 0xf0,      //!< Tor: Onion service descriptor can not be found
277      TOR_HS_DESC_INVALID = 0xf1,        //!< Tor: Onion service descriptor is invalid
278      TOR_HS_INTRO_FAILED = 0xf2,        //!< Tor: Onion service introduction failed
279      TOR_HS_REND_FAILED = 0xf3,         //!< Tor: Onion service rendezvous failed
280      TOR_HS_MISSING_CLIENT_AUTH = 0xf4, //!< Tor: Onion service missing client authorization
281      TOR_HS_WRONG_CLIENT_AUTH = 0xf5,   //!< Tor: Onion service wrong client authorization
282      TOR_HS_BAD_ADDRESS = 0xf6,         //!< Tor: Onion service invalid address
283      TOR_HS_INTRO_TIMEOUT = 0xf7,       //!< Tor: Onion service introduction timed out
284  };
285  
286  /** Values defined for ATYPE in RFC1928 */
287  enum SOCKS5Atyp: uint8_t {
288      IPV4 = 0x01,
289      DOMAINNAME = 0x03,
290      IPV6 = 0x04,
291  };
292  
293  /** Status codes that can be returned by InterruptibleRecv */
294  enum class IntrRecvError {
295      OK,
296      Timeout,
297      Disconnected,
298      NetworkError,
299      Interrupted
300  };
301  
302  /**
303   * Try to read a specified number of bytes from a socket. Please read the "see
304   * also" section for more detail.
305   *
306   * @param data The buffer where the read bytes should be stored.
307   * @param len The number of bytes to read into the specified buffer.
308   * @param timeout The total timeout for this read.
309   * @param sock The socket (has to be in non-blocking mode) from which to read bytes.
310   *
311   * @returns An IntrRecvError indicating the resulting status of this read.
312   *          IntrRecvError::OK only if all of the specified number of bytes were
313   *          read.
314   *
315   * @see This function can be interrupted by calling g_socks5_interrupt().
316   *      Sockets can be made non-blocking with Sock::SetNonBlocking().
317   */
318  static IntrRecvError InterruptibleRecv(uint8_t* data, size_t len, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout, const Sock& sock)
319  {
320      auto curTime{Now<SteadyMilliseconds>()};
321      const auto endTime{curTime + timeout};
322      while (len > 0 && curTime < endTime) {
323          ssize_t ret = sock.Recv(data, len, 0); // Optimistically try the recv first
324          if (ret > 0) {
325              len -= ret;
326              data += ret;
327          } else if (ret == 0) { // Unexpected disconnection
328              return IntrRecvError::Disconnected;
329          } else { // Other error or blocking
330              int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
331              if (nErr == WSAEINPROGRESS || nErr == WSAEWOULDBLOCK || nErr == WSAEINVAL) {
332                  // Only wait at most MAX_WAIT_FOR_IO at a time, unless
333                  // we're approaching the end of the specified total timeout
334                  const auto remaining = std::chrono::milliseconds{endTime - curTime};
335                  const auto timeout = std::min(remaining, std::chrono::milliseconds{MAX_WAIT_FOR_IO});
336                  if (!sock.Wait(timeout, Sock::RECV)) {
337                      return IntrRecvError::NetworkError;
338                  }
339              } else {
340                  return IntrRecvError::NetworkError;
341              }
342          }
343          if (g_socks5_interrupt) {
344              return IntrRecvError::Interrupted;
345          }
346          curTime = Now<SteadyMilliseconds>();
347      }
348      return len == 0 ? IntrRecvError::OK : IntrRecvError::Timeout;
349  }
350  
351  /** Convert SOCKS5 reply to an error message */
352  static std::string Socks5ErrorString(uint8_t err)
353  {
354      switch(err) {
355          case SOCKS5Reply::GENFAILURE:
356              return "general failure";
357          case SOCKS5Reply::NOTALLOWED:
358              return "connection not allowed";
359          case SOCKS5Reply::NETUNREACHABLE:
360              return "network unreachable";
361          case SOCKS5Reply::HOSTUNREACHABLE:
362              return "host unreachable";
363          case SOCKS5Reply::CONNREFUSED:
364              return "connection refused";
365          case SOCKS5Reply::TTLEXPIRED:
366              return "TTL expired";
367          case SOCKS5Reply::CMDUNSUPPORTED:
368              return "protocol error";
369          case SOCKS5Reply::ATYPEUNSUPPORTED:
370              return "address type not supported";
371          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_DESC_NOT_FOUND:
372              return "onion service descriptor can not be found";
373          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_DESC_INVALID:
374              return "onion service descriptor is invalid";
375          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_INTRO_FAILED:
376              return "onion service introduction failed";
377          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_REND_FAILED:
378              return "onion service rendezvous failed";
379          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_MISSING_CLIENT_AUTH:
380              return "onion service missing client authorization";
381          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_WRONG_CLIENT_AUTH:
382              return "onion service wrong client authorization";
383          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_BAD_ADDRESS:
384              return "onion service invalid address";
385          case SOCKS5Reply::TOR_HS_INTRO_TIMEOUT:
386              return "onion service introduction timed out";
387          default:
388              return strprintf("unknown (0x%02x)", err);
389      }
390  }
391  
392  bool Socks5(const std::string& strDest, uint16_t port, const ProxyCredentials* auth, const Sock& sock)
393  {
394      try {
395          IntrRecvError recvr;
396          LogDebug(BCLog::NET, "SOCKS5 connecting %s\n", strDest);
397          if (strDest.size() > 255) {
398              LogError("Hostname too long\n");
399              return false;
400          }
401          // Construct the version identifier/method selection message
402          std::vector<uint8_t> vSocks5Init;
403          vSocks5Init.push_back(SOCKSVersion::SOCKS5); // We want the SOCK5 protocol
404          if (auth) {
405              vSocks5Init.push_back(0x02); // 2 method identifiers follow...
406              vSocks5Init.push_back(SOCKS5Method::NOAUTH);
407              vSocks5Init.push_back(SOCKS5Method::USER_PASS);
408          } else {
409              vSocks5Init.push_back(0x01); // 1 method identifier follows...
410              vSocks5Init.push_back(SOCKS5Method::NOAUTH);
411          }
412          sock.SendComplete(vSocks5Init, g_socks5_recv_timeout, g_socks5_interrupt);
413          uint8_t pchRet1[2];
414          if (InterruptibleRecv(pchRet1, 2, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock) != IntrRecvError::OK) {
415              LogInfo("Socks5() connect to %s:%d failed: InterruptibleRecv() timeout or other failure\n", strDest, port);
416              return false;
417          }
418          if (pchRet1[0] != SOCKSVersion::SOCKS5) {
419              LogError("Proxy failed to initialize\n");
420              return false;
421          }
422          if (pchRet1[1] == SOCKS5Method::USER_PASS && auth) {
423              // Perform username/password authentication (as described in RFC1929)
424              std::vector<uint8_t> vAuth;
425              vAuth.push_back(0x01); // Current (and only) version of user/pass subnegotiation
426              if (auth->username.size() > 255 || auth->password.size() > 255) {
427                  LogError("Proxy username or password too long\n");
428                  return false;
429              }
430              vAuth.push_back(auth->username.size());
431              vAuth.insert(vAuth.end(), auth->username.begin(), auth->username.end());
432              vAuth.push_back(auth->password.size());
433              vAuth.insert(vAuth.end(), auth->password.begin(), auth->password.end());
434              LogDebug(BCLog::PROXY, "SOCKS5 sending username/password authentication\n");
435              sock.SendComplete(vAuth, g_socks5_recv_timeout, g_socks5_interrupt);
436              uint8_t pchRetA[2];
437              if (InterruptibleRecv(pchRetA, 2, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock) != IntrRecvError::OK) {
438                  LogError("Error reading proxy authentication response\n");
439                  return false;
440              }
441              if (pchRetA[0] != 0x01 || pchRetA[1] != 0x00) {
442                  LogError("Proxy authentication unsuccessful\n");
443                  return false;
444              }
445          } else if (pchRet1[1] == SOCKS5Method::NOAUTH) {
446              // Perform no authentication
447          } else {
448              LogError("Proxy requested wrong authentication method %02x\n", pchRet1[1]);
449              return false;
450          }
451          std::vector<uint8_t> vSocks5;
452          vSocks5.push_back(SOCKSVersion::SOCKS5);   // VER protocol version
453          vSocks5.push_back(SOCKS5Command::CONNECT); // CMD CONNECT
454          vSocks5.push_back(0x00);                   // RSV Reserved must be 0
455          vSocks5.push_back(SOCKS5Atyp::DOMAINNAME); // ATYP DOMAINNAME
456          vSocks5.push_back(strDest.size());         // Length<=255 is checked at beginning of function
457          vSocks5.insert(vSocks5.end(), strDest.begin(), strDest.end());
458          vSocks5.push_back((port >> 8) & 0xFF);
459          vSocks5.push_back((port >> 0) & 0xFF);
460          sock.SendComplete(vSocks5, g_socks5_recv_timeout, g_socks5_interrupt);
461          uint8_t pchRet2[4];
462          if ((recvr = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet2, 4, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock)) != IntrRecvError::OK) {
463              if (recvr == IntrRecvError::Timeout) {
464                  /* If a timeout happens here, this effectively means we timed out while connecting
465                   * to the remote node. This is very common for Tor, so do not print an
466                   * error message. */
467                  return false;
468              } else {
469                  LogError("Error while reading proxy response\n");
470                  return false;
471              }
472          }
473          if (pchRet2[0] != SOCKSVersion::SOCKS5) {
474              LogError("Proxy failed to accept request\n");
475              return false;
476          }
477          if (pchRet2[1] != SOCKS5Reply::SUCCEEDED) {
478              // Failures to connect to a peer that are not proxy errors
479              LogDebug(BCLog::NET,
480                            "Socks5() connect to %s:%d failed: %s\n", strDest, port, Socks5ErrorString(pchRet2[1]));
481              return false;
482          }
483          if (pchRet2[2] != 0x00) { // Reserved field must be 0
484              LogError("Error: malformed proxy response\n");
485              return false;
486          }
487          uint8_t pchRet3[256];
488          switch (pchRet2[3]) {
489          case SOCKS5Atyp::IPV4: recvr = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 4, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock); break;
490          case SOCKS5Atyp::IPV6: recvr = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 16, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock); break;
491          case SOCKS5Atyp::DOMAINNAME: {
492              recvr = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 1, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock);
493              if (recvr != IntrRecvError::OK) {
494                  LogError("Error reading from proxy\n");
495                  return false;
496              }
497              int nRecv = pchRet3[0];
498              recvr = InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, nRecv, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock);
499              break;
500          }
501          default: {
502              LogError("Error: malformed proxy response\n");
503              return false;
504          }
505          }
506          if (recvr != IntrRecvError::OK) {
507              LogError("Error reading from proxy\n");
508              return false;
509          }
510          if (InterruptibleRecv(pchRet3, 2, g_socks5_recv_timeout, sock) != IntrRecvError::OK) {
511              LogError("Error reading from proxy\n");
512              return false;
513          }
514          LogDebug(BCLog::NET, "SOCKS5 connected %s\n", strDest);
515          return true;
516      } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
517          LogError("Error during SOCKS5 proxy handshake: %s\n", e.what());
518          return false;
519      }
520  }
521  
522  std::unique_ptr<Sock> CreateSockOS(int domain, int type, int protocol)
523  {
524      // Not IPv4, IPv6 or UNIX
525      if (domain == AF_UNSPEC) return nullptr;
526  
527      // Create a socket in the specified address family.
528      SOCKET hSocket = socket(domain, type, protocol);
529      if (hSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
530          return nullptr;
531      }
532  
533      auto sock = std::make_unique<Sock>(hSocket);
534  
535      if (domain != AF_INET && domain != AF_INET6 && domain != AF_UNIX) {
536          return sock;
537      }
538  
539      // Ensure that waiting for I/O on this socket won't result in undefined
540      // behavior.
541      if (!sock->IsSelectable()) {
542          LogInfo("Cannot create connection: non-selectable socket created (fd >= FD_SETSIZE ?)\n");
543          return nullptr;
544      }
545  
546  #ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
547      int set = 1;
548      // Set the no-sigpipe option on the socket for BSD systems, other UNIXes
549      // should use the MSG_NOSIGNAL flag for every send.
550      if (sock->SetSockOpt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, &set, sizeof(int)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
551          LogInfo("Error setting SO_NOSIGPIPE on socket: %s, continuing anyway\n",
552                    NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
553      }
554  #endif
555  
556      // Set the non-blocking option on the socket.
557      if (!sock->SetNonBlocking()) {
558          LogInfo("Error setting socket to non-blocking: %s\n", NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
559          return nullptr;
560      }
561  
562  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_UN
563      if (domain == AF_UNIX) return sock;
564  #endif
565  
566      if (protocol == IPPROTO_TCP) {
567          // Set the no-delay option (disable Nagle's algorithm) on the TCP socket.
568          const int on{1};
569          if (sock->SetSockOpt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &on, sizeof(on)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
570              LogDebug(BCLog::NET, "Unable to set TCP_NODELAY on a newly created socket, continuing anyway\n");
571          }
572      }
573  
574      return sock;
575  }
576  
577  std::function<std::unique_ptr<Sock>(int, int, int)> CreateSock = CreateSockOS;
578  
579  template<typename... Args>
580  static void LogConnectFailure(bool manual_connection, util::ConstevalFormatString<sizeof...(Args)> fmt, const Args&... args)
581  {
582      std::string error_message = tfm::format(fmt, args...);
583      if (manual_connection) {
584          LogInfo("%s\n", error_message);
585      } else {
586          LogDebug(BCLog::NET, "%s\n", error_message);
587      }
588  }
589  
590  static bool ConnectToSocket(const Sock& sock, struct sockaddr* sockaddr, socklen_t len, const std::string& dest_str, bool manual_connection)
591  {
592      // Connect to `sockaddr` using `sock`.
593      if (sock.Connect(sockaddr, len) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
594          int nErr = WSAGetLastError();
595          // WSAEINVAL is here because some legacy version of winsock uses it
596          if (nErr == WSAEINPROGRESS || nErr == WSAEWOULDBLOCK || nErr == WSAEINVAL)
597          {
598              // Connection didn't actually fail, but is being established
599              // asynchronously. Thus, use async I/O api (select/poll)
600              // synchronously to check for successful connection with a timeout.
601              const Sock::Event requested = Sock::RECV | Sock::SEND;
602              Sock::Event occurred;
603              if (!sock.Wait(std::chrono::milliseconds{nConnectTimeout}, requested, &occurred)) {
604                  LogInfo("wait for connect to %s failed: %s\n",
605                            dest_str,
606                            NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
607                  return false;
608              } else if (occurred == 0) {
609                  LogDebug(BCLog::NET, "connection attempt to %s timed out\n", dest_str);
610                  return false;
611              }
612  
613              // Even if the wait was successful, the connect might not
614              // have been successful. The reason for this failure is hidden away
615              // in the SO_ERROR for the socket in modern systems. We read it into
616              // sockerr here.
617              int sockerr;
618              socklen_t sockerr_len = sizeof(sockerr);
619              if (sock.GetSockOpt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &sockerr, &sockerr_len) ==
620                  SOCKET_ERROR) {
621                  LogInfo("getsockopt() for %s failed: %s\n", dest_str, NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
622                  return false;
623              }
624              if (sockerr != 0) {
625                  LogConnectFailure(manual_connection,
626                                    "connect() to %s failed after wait: %s",
627                                    dest_str,
628                                    NetworkErrorString(sockerr));
629                  return false;
630              }
631          }
632  #ifdef WIN32
633          else if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEISCONN)
634  #else
635          else
636  #endif
637          {
638              LogConnectFailure(manual_connection, "connect() to %s failed: %s", dest_str, NetworkErrorString(WSAGetLastError()));
639              return false;
640          }
641      }
642      return true;
643  }
644  
645  std::unique_ptr<Sock> ConnectDirectly(const CService& dest, bool manual_connection)
646  {
647      auto sock = CreateSock(dest.GetSAFamily(), SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
648      if (!sock) {
649          LogError("Cannot create a socket for connecting to %s\n", dest.ToStringAddrPort());
650          return {};
651      }
652  
653      // Create a sockaddr from the specified service.
654      struct sockaddr_storage sockaddr;
655      socklen_t len = sizeof(sockaddr);
656      if (!dest.GetSockAddr((struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, &len)) {
657          LogInfo("Cannot get sockaddr for %s: unsupported network\n", dest.ToStringAddrPort());
658          return {};
659      }
660  
661      if (!ConnectToSocket(*sock, (struct sockaddr*)&sockaddr, len, dest.ToStringAddrPort(), manual_connection)) {
662          return {};
663      }
664  
665      return sock;
666  }
667  
668  std::unique_ptr<Sock> Proxy::Connect() const
669  {
670      if (!IsValid()) return {};
671  
672      if (!m_is_unix_socket) return ConnectDirectly(proxy, /*manual_connection=*/true);
673  
674  #ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_UN
675      auto sock = CreateSock(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
676      if (!sock) {
677          LogError("Cannot create a socket for connecting to %s\n", m_unix_socket_path);
678          return {};
679      }
680  
681      const std::string path{m_unix_socket_path.substr(ADDR_PREFIX_UNIX.length())};
682  
683      struct sockaddr_un addrun;
684      memset(&addrun, 0, sizeof(addrun));
685      addrun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
686      // leave the last char in addrun.sun_path[] to be always '\0'
687      memcpy(addrun.sun_path, path.c_str(), std::min(sizeof(addrun.sun_path) - 1, path.length()));
688      socklen_t len = sizeof(addrun);
689  
690      if(!ConnectToSocket(*sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addrun, len, path, /*manual_connection=*/true)) {
691          return {};
692      }
693  
694      return sock;
695  #else
696      return {};
697  #endif
698  }
699  
700  bool SetProxy(enum Network net, const Proxy &addrProxy) {
701      assert(net >= 0 && net < NET_MAX);
702      if (!addrProxy.IsValid())
703          return false;
704      LOCK(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
705      proxyInfo[net] = addrProxy;
706      return true;
707  }
708  
709  std::optional<Proxy> GetProxy(enum Network net)
710  {
711      assert(net >= 0 && net < NET_MAX);
712      LOCK(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
713      if (!proxyInfo[net].IsValid()) {
714          return std::nullopt;
715      }
716      return proxyInfo[net];
717  }
718  
719  bool SetNameProxy(const Proxy &addrProxy) {
720      if (!addrProxy.IsValid())
721          return false;
722      LOCK(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
723      nameProxy = addrProxy;
724      return true;
725  }
726  
727  std::optional<Proxy> GetNameProxy()
728  {
729      LOCK(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
730      if (!nameProxy.IsValid()) {
731          return std::nullopt;
732      }
733      return nameProxy;
734  }
735  
736  bool HaveNameProxy() {
737      LOCK(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
738      return nameProxy.IsValid();
739  }
740  
741  bool IsProxy(const CNetAddr &addr) {
742      LOCK(g_proxyinfo_mutex);
743      for (int i = 0; i < NET_MAX; i++) {
744          if (addr == static_cast<CNetAddr>(proxyInfo[i].proxy))
745              return true;
746      }
747      return false;
748  }
749  
750  /**
751   * Generate unique credentials for Tor stream isolation. Tor will create
752   * separate circuits for SOCKS5 proxy connections with different credentials, which
753   * makes it harder to correlate the connections.
754   */
755  class TorStreamIsolationCredentialsGenerator
756  {
757  public:
758      TorStreamIsolationCredentialsGenerator():
759          m_prefix(GenerateUniquePrefix()) {
760      }
761  
762      /** Return the next unique proxy credentials. */
763      ProxyCredentials Generate() {
764          ProxyCredentials auth;
765          auth.username = auth.password = strprintf("%s%i", m_prefix, m_counter);
766          ++m_counter;
767          return auth;
768      }
769  
770      /** Size of session prefix in bytes. */
771      static constexpr size_t PREFIX_BYTE_LENGTH = 8;
772  private:
773      const std::string m_prefix;
774      std::atomic<uint64_t> m_counter;
775  
776      /** Generate a random prefix for each of the credentials returned by this generator.
777       * This makes sure that different launches of the application (either successively or in parallel)
778       * will not share the same circuits, as would be the case with a bare counter.
779       */
780      static std::string GenerateUniquePrefix() {
781          std::array<uint8_t, PREFIX_BYTE_LENGTH> prefix_bytes;
782          GetRandBytes(prefix_bytes);
783          return HexStr(prefix_bytes) + "-";
784      }
785  };
786  
787  std::unique_ptr<Sock> ConnectThroughProxy(const Proxy& proxy,
788                                            const std::string& dest,
789                                            uint16_t port,
790                                            bool& proxy_connection_failed)
791  {
792      // first connect to proxy server
793      auto sock = proxy.Connect();
794      if (!sock) {
795          proxy_connection_failed = true;
796          return {};
797      }
798  
799      // do socks negotiation
800      if (proxy.m_tor_stream_isolation) {
801          static TorStreamIsolationCredentialsGenerator generator;
802          ProxyCredentials random_auth{generator.Generate()};
803          if (!Socks5(dest, port, &random_auth, *sock)) {
804              return {};
805          }
806      } else {
807          if (!Socks5(dest, port, nullptr, *sock)) {
808              return {};
809          }
810      }
811      return sock;
812  }
813  
814  CSubNet LookupSubNet(const std::string& subnet_str)
815  {
816      CSubNet subnet;
817      assert(!subnet.IsValid());
818      if (!ContainsNoNUL(subnet_str)) {
819          return subnet;
820      }
821  
822      const size_t slash_pos{subnet_str.find_last_of('/')};
823      const std::string str_addr{subnet_str.substr(0, slash_pos)};
824      std::optional<CNetAddr> addr{LookupHost(str_addr, /*fAllowLookup=*/false)};
825  
826      if (addr.has_value()) {
827          addr = static_cast<CNetAddr>(MaybeFlipIPv6toCJDNS(CService{addr.value(), /*port=*/0}));
828          if (slash_pos != subnet_str.npos) {
829              const std::string netmask_str{subnet_str.substr(slash_pos + 1)};
830              if (const auto netmask{ToIntegral<uint8_t>(netmask_str)}) {
831                  // Valid number; assume CIDR variable-length subnet masking.
832                  subnet = CSubNet{addr.value(), *netmask};
833              } else {
834                  // Invalid number; try full netmask syntax. Never allow lookup for netmask.
835                  const std::optional<CNetAddr> full_netmask{LookupHost(netmask_str, /*fAllowLookup=*/false)};
836                  if (full_netmask.has_value()) {
837                      subnet = CSubNet{addr.value(), full_netmask.value()};
838                  }
839              }
840          } else {
841              // Single IP subnet (<ipv4>/32 or <ipv6>/128).
842              subnet = CSubNet{addr.value()};
843          }
844      }
845  
846      return subnet;
847  }
848  
849  bool IsBadPort(uint16_t port)
850  {
851      /* Don't forget to update doc/p2p-bad-ports.md if you change this list. */
852  
853      switch (port) {
854      case 1:     // tcpmux
855      case 7:     // echo
856      case 9:     // discard
857      case 11:    // systat
858      case 13:    // daytime
859      case 15:    // netstat
860      case 17:    // qotd
861      case 19:    // chargen
862      case 20:    // ftp data
863      case 21:    // ftp access
864      case 22:    // ssh
865      case 23:    // telnet
866      case 25:    // smtp
867      case 37:    // time
868      case 42:    // name
869      case 43:    // nicname
870      case 53:    // domain
871      case 69:    // tftp
872      case 77:    // priv-rjs
873      case 79:    // finger
874      case 87:    // ttylink
875      case 95:    // supdup
876      case 101:   // hostname
877      case 102:   // iso-tsap
878      case 103:   // gppitnp
879      case 104:   // acr-nema
880      case 109:   // pop2
881      case 110:   // pop3
882      case 111:   // sunrpc
883      case 113:   // auth
884      case 115:   // sftp
885      case 117:   // uucp-path
886      case 119:   // nntp
887      case 123:   // NTP
888      case 135:   // loc-srv /epmap
889      case 137:   // netbios
890      case 139:   // netbios
891      case 143:   // imap2
892      case 161:   // snmp
893      case 179:   // BGP
894      case 389:   // ldap
895      case 427:   // SLP (Also used by Apple Filing Protocol)
896      case 465:   // smtp+ssl
897      case 512:   // print / exec
898      case 513:   // login
899      case 514:   // shell
900      case 515:   // printer
901      case 526:   // tempo
902      case 530:   // courier
903      case 531:   // chat
904      case 532:   // netnews
905      case 540:   // uucp
906      case 548:   // AFP (Apple Filing Protocol)
907      case 554:   // rtsp
908      case 556:   // remotefs
909      case 563:   // nntp+ssl
910      case 587:   // smtp (rfc6409)
911      case 601:   // syslog-conn (rfc3195)
912      case 636:   // ldap+ssl
913      case 989:   // ftps-data
914      case 990:   // ftps
915      case 993:   // ldap+ssl
916      case 995:   // pop3+ssl
917      case 1719:  // h323gatestat
918      case 1720:  // h323hostcall
919      case 1723:  // pptp
920      case 2049:  // nfs
921      case 3306:  // MySQL
922      case 3389:  // RDP / Windows Remote Desktop
923      case 3659:  // apple-sasl / PasswordServer
924      case 4045:  // lockd
925      case 5060:  // sip
926      case 5061:  // sips
927      case 5432:  // PostgreSQL
928      case 5900:  // VNC
929      case 6000:  // X11
930      case 6566:  // sane-port
931      case 6665:  // Alternate IRC
932      case 6666:  // Alternate IRC
933      case 6667:  // Standard IRC
934      case 6668:  // Alternate IRC
935      case 6669:  // Alternate IRC
936      case 6697:  // IRC + TLS
937      case 10080: // Amanda
938      case 27017: // MongoDB
939          return true;
940      }
941      return false;
942  }
943  
944  CService MaybeFlipIPv6toCJDNS(const CService& service)
945  {
946      CService ret{service};
947      if (ret.IsIPv6() && ret.HasCJDNSPrefix() && g_reachable_nets.Contains(NET_CJDNS)) {
948          ret.m_net = NET_CJDNS;
949      }
950      return ret;
951  }
952  
953  CService GetBindAddress(const Sock& sock)
954  {
955      CService addr_bind;
956      sockaddr_storage storage;
957      socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
958  
959      auto sa = reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&storage);
960  
961      if (sock.GetSockName(sa, &len) == 0) {
962          addr_bind.SetSockAddr(sa, len);
963      } else {
964          LogWarning("getsockname failed\n");
965      }
966      return addr_bind;
967  }