/ src / script / sign.cpp
sign.cpp
   1  // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
   2  // Copyright (c) 2009-present The Bitcoin Core developers
   3  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
   4  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
   5  
   6  #include <script/sign.h>
   7  
   8  #include <consensus/amount.h>
   9  #include <key.h>
  10  #include <musig.h>
  11  #include <policy/policy.h>
  12  #include <primitives/transaction.h>
  13  #include <random.h>
  14  #include <script/keyorigin.h>
  15  #include <script/miniscript.h>
  16  #include <script/script.h>
  17  #include <script/signingprovider.h>
  18  #include <script/solver.h>
  19  #include <uint256.h>
  20  #include <util/translation.h>
  21  #include <util/vector.h>
  22  
  23  typedef std::vector<unsigned char> valtype;
  24  
  25  MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::MutableTransactionSignatureCreator(const CMutableTransaction& tx, unsigned int input_idx, const CAmount& amount, int hash_type)
  26      : m_txto{tx}, nIn{input_idx}, nHashType{hash_type}, amount{amount}, checker{&m_txto, nIn, amount, MissingDataBehavior::FAIL},
  27        m_txdata(nullptr)
  28  {
  29  }
  30  
  31  MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::MutableTransactionSignatureCreator(const CMutableTransaction& tx, unsigned int input_idx, const CAmount& amount, const PrecomputedTransactionData* txdata, int hash_type)
  32      : m_txto{tx}, nIn{input_idx}, nHashType{hash_type}, amount{amount},
  33        checker{txdata ? MutableTransactionSignatureChecker{&m_txto, nIn, amount, *txdata, MissingDataBehavior::FAIL} :
  34                         MutableTransactionSignatureChecker{&m_txto, nIn, amount, MissingDataBehavior::FAIL}},
  35        m_txdata(txdata)
  36  {
  37  }
  38  
  39  bool MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::CreateSig(const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& vchSig, const CKeyID& address, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const
  40  {
  41      assert(sigversion == SigVersion::BASE || sigversion == SigVersion::WITNESS_V0);
  42  
  43      CKey key;
  44      if (!provider.GetKey(address, key))
  45          return false;
  46  
  47      // Signing with uncompressed keys is disabled in witness scripts
  48      if (sigversion == SigVersion::WITNESS_V0 && !key.IsCompressed())
  49          return false;
  50  
  51      // Signing without known amount does not work in witness scripts.
  52      if (sigversion == SigVersion::WITNESS_V0 && !MoneyRange(amount)) return false;
  53  
  54      // BASE/WITNESS_V0 signatures don't support explicit SIGHASH_DEFAULT, use SIGHASH_ALL instead.
  55      const int hashtype = nHashType == SIGHASH_DEFAULT ? SIGHASH_ALL : nHashType;
  56  
  57      uint256 hash = SignatureHash(scriptCode, m_txto, nIn, hashtype, amount, sigversion, m_txdata);
  58      if (!key.Sign(hash, vchSig))
  59          return false;
  60      vchSig.push_back((unsigned char)hashtype);
  61      return true;
  62  }
  63  
  64  std::optional<uint256> MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::ComputeSchnorrSignatureHash(const uint256* leaf_hash, SigVersion sigversion) const
  65  {
  66      assert(sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT || sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT);
  67  
  68      // BIP341/BIP342 signing needs lots of precomputed transaction data. While some
  69      // (non-SIGHASH_DEFAULT) sighash modes exist that can work with just some subset
  70      // of data present, for now, only support signing when everything is provided.
  71      if (!m_txdata || !m_txdata->m_bip341_taproot_ready || !m_txdata->m_spent_outputs_ready) return std::nullopt;
  72  
  73      ScriptExecutionData execdata;
  74      execdata.m_annex_init = true;
  75      execdata.m_annex_present = false; // Only support annex-less signing for now.
  76      if (sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT) {
  77          execdata.m_codeseparator_pos_init = true;
  78          execdata.m_codeseparator_pos = 0xFFFFFFFF; // Only support non-OP_CODESEPARATOR BIP342 signing for now.
  79          if (!leaf_hash) return std::nullopt; // BIP342 signing needs leaf hash.
  80          execdata.m_tapleaf_hash_init = true;
  81          execdata.m_tapleaf_hash = *leaf_hash;
  82      }
  83      uint256 hash;
  84      if (!SignatureHashSchnorr(hash, execdata, m_txto, nIn, nHashType, sigversion, *m_txdata, MissingDataBehavior::FAIL)) return std::nullopt;
  85      return hash;
  86  }
  87  
  88  bool MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::CreateSchnorrSig(const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig, const XOnlyPubKey& pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const uint256* merkle_root, SigVersion sigversion) const
  89  {
  90      CKey key;
  91      if (!provider.GetKeyByXOnly(pubkey, key)) return false;
  92  
  93      std::optional<uint256> hash = ComputeSchnorrSignatureHash(leaf_hash, sigversion);
  94      if (!hash.has_value()) return false;
  95  
  96      sig.resize(64);
  97      // Use uint256{} as aux_rnd for now.
  98      if (!key.SignSchnorr(*hash, sig, merkle_root, {})) return false;
  99      if (nHashType) sig.push_back(nHashType);
 100      return true;
 101  }
 102  
 103  std::vector<uint8_t> MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::CreateMuSig2Nonce(const SigningProvider& provider, const CPubKey& aggregate_pubkey, const CPubKey& script_pubkey, const CPubKey& part_pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const uint256* merkle_root, SigVersion sigversion, const SignatureData& sigdata) const
 104  {
 105      assert(sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT || sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT);
 106  
 107      // Retrieve the private key
 108      CKey key;
 109      if (!provider.GetKey(part_pubkey.GetID(), key)) return {};
 110  
 111      // Retrieve participant pubkeys
 112      auto it = sigdata.musig2_pubkeys.find(aggregate_pubkey);
 113      if (it == sigdata.musig2_pubkeys.end()) return {};
 114      const std::vector<CPubKey>& pubkeys = it->second;
 115      if (std::find(pubkeys.begin(), pubkeys.end(), part_pubkey) == pubkeys.end()) return {};
 116  
 117      // Compute sighash
 118      std::optional<uint256> sighash = ComputeSchnorrSignatureHash(leaf_hash, sigversion);
 119      if (!sighash.has_value()) return {};
 120  
 121      MuSig2SecNonce secnonce;
 122      std::vector<uint8_t> out = key.CreateMuSig2Nonce(secnonce, *sighash, aggregate_pubkey, pubkeys);
 123      if (out.empty()) return {};
 124  
 125      // Store the secnonce in the SigningProvider
 126      provider.SetMuSig2SecNonce(MuSig2SessionID(script_pubkey, part_pubkey, *sighash), std::move(secnonce));
 127  
 128      return out;
 129  }
 130  
 131  bool MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::CreateMuSig2PartialSig(const SigningProvider& provider, uint256& partial_sig, const CPubKey& aggregate_pubkey, const CPubKey& script_pubkey, const CPubKey& part_pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const std::vector<std::pair<uint256, bool>>& tweaks, SigVersion sigversion, const SignatureData& sigdata) const
 132  {
 133      assert(sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT || sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT);
 134  
 135      // Retrieve private key
 136      CKey key;
 137      if (!provider.GetKey(part_pubkey.GetID(), key)) return false;
 138  
 139      // Retrieve participant pubkeys
 140      auto it = sigdata.musig2_pubkeys.find(aggregate_pubkey);
 141      if (it == sigdata.musig2_pubkeys.end()) return false;
 142      const std::vector<CPubKey>& pubkeys = it->second;
 143      if (std::find(pubkeys.begin(), pubkeys.end(), part_pubkey) == pubkeys.end()) return {};
 144  
 145      // Retrieve pubnonces
 146      auto this_leaf_aggkey = std::make_pair(script_pubkey, leaf_hash ? *leaf_hash : uint256());
 147      auto pubnonce_it = sigdata.musig2_pubnonces.find(this_leaf_aggkey);
 148      if (pubnonce_it == sigdata.musig2_pubnonces.end()) return false;
 149      const std::map<CPubKey, std::vector<uint8_t>>& pubnonces = pubnonce_it->second;
 150  
 151      // Check if enough pubnonces
 152      if (pubnonces.size() != pubkeys.size()) return false;
 153  
 154      // Compute sighash
 155      std::optional<uint256> sighash = ComputeSchnorrSignatureHash(leaf_hash, sigversion);
 156      if (!sighash.has_value()) return false;
 157  
 158      // Retrieve the secnonce
 159      uint256 session_id = MuSig2SessionID(script_pubkey, part_pubkey, *sighash);
 160      std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<MuSig2SecNonce>> secnonce = provider.GetMuSig2SecNonce(session_id);
 161      if (!secnonce || !secnonce->get().IsValid()) return false;
 162  
 163      // Compute the sig
 164      std::optional<uint256> sig = key.CreateMuSig2PartialSig(*sighash, aggregate_pubkey, pubkeys, pubnonces, *secnonce, tweaks);
 165      if (!sig) return false;
 166      partial_sig = std::move(*sig);
 167  
 168      // Delete the secnonce now that we're done with it
 169      assert(!secnonce->get().IsValid());
 170      provider.DeleteMuSig2Session(session_id);
 171  
 172      return true;
 173  }
 174  
 175  bool MutableTransactionSignatureCreator::CreateMuSig2AggregateSig(const std::vector<CPubKey>& participants, std::vector<uint8_t>& sig, const CPubKey& aggregate_pubkey, const CPubKey& script_pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const std::vector<std::pair<uint256, bool>>& tweaks, SigVersion sigversion, const SignatureData& sigdata) const
 176  {
 177      assert(sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT || sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT);
 178      if (!participants.size()) return false;
 179  
 180      // Retrieve pubnonces and partial sigs
 181      auto this_leaf_aggkey = std::make_pair(script_pubkey, leaf_hash ? *leaf_hash : uint256());
 182      auto pubnonce_it = sigdata.musig2_pubnonces.find(this_leaf_aggkey);
 183      if (pubnonce_it == sigdata.musig2_pubnonces.end()) return false;
 184      const std::map<CPubKey, std::vector<uint8_t>>& pubnonces = pubnonce_it->second;
 185      auto partial_sigs_it = sigdata.musig2_partial_sigs.find(this_leaf_aggkey);
 186      if (partial_sigs_it == sigdata.musig2_partial_sigs.end()) return false;
 187      const std::map<CPubKey, uint256>& partial_sigs = partial_sigs_it->second;
 188  
 189      // Check if enough pubnonces and partial sigs
 190      if (pubnonces.size() != participants.size()) return false;
 191      if (partial_sigs.size() != participants.size()) return false;
 192  
 193      // Compute sighash
 194      std::optional<uint256> sighash = ComputeSchnorrSignatureHash(leaf_hash, sigversion);
 195      if (!sighash.has_value()) return false;
 196  
 197      std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> res = ::CreateMuSig2AggregateSig(participants, aggregate_pubkey, tweaks, *sighash, pubnonces, partial_sigs);
 198      if (!res) return false;
 199      sig = res.value();
 200      if (nHashType) sig.push_back(nHashType);
 201  
 202      return true;
 203  }
 204  
 205  static bool GetCScript(const SigningProvider& provider, const SignatureData& sigdata, const CScriptID& scriptid, CScript& script)
 206  {
 207      if (provider.GetCScript(scriptid, script)) {
 208          return true;
 209      }
 210      // Look for scripts in SignatureData
 211      if (CScriptID(sigdata.redeem_script) == scriptid) {
 212          script = sigdata.redeem_script;
 213          return true;
 214      } else if (CScriptID(sigdata.witness_script) == scriptid) {
 215          script = sigdata.witness_script;
 216          return true;
 217      }
 218      return false;
 219  }
 220  
 221  static bool GetPubKey(const SigningProvider& provider, const SignatureData& sigdata, const CKeyID& address, CPubKey& pubkey)
 222  {
 223      // Look for pubkey in all partial sigs
 224      const auto it = sigdata.signatures.find(address);
 225      if (it != sigdata.signatures.end()) {
 226          pubkey = it->second.first;
 227          return true;
 228      }
 229      // Look for pubkey in pubkey lists
 230      const auto& pk_it = sigdata.misc_pubkeys.find(address);
 231      if (pk_it != sigdata.misc_pubkeys.end()) {
 232          pubkey = pk_it->second.first;
 233          return true;
 234      }
 235      const auto& tap_pk_it = sigdata.tap_pubkeys.find(address);
 236      if (tap_pk_it != sigdata.tap_pubkeys.end()) {
 237          pubkey = tap_pk_it->second.GetEvenCorrespondingCPubKey();
 238          return true;
 239      }
 240      // Query the underlying provider
 241      return provider.GetPubKey(address, pubkey);
 242  }
 243  
 244  static bool CreateSig(const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, SignatureData& sigdata, const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig_out, const CPubKey& pubkey, const CScript& scriptcode, SigVersion sigversion)
 245  {
 246      CKeyID keyid = pubkey.GetID();
 247      const auto it = sigdata.signatures.find(keyid);
 248      if (it != sigdata.signatures.end()) {
 249          sig_out = it->second.second;
 250          return true;
 251      }
 252      KeyOriginInfo info;
 253      if (provider.GetKeyOrigin(keyid, info)) {
 254          sigdata.misc_pubkeys.emplace(keyid, std::make_pair(pubkey, std::move(info)));
 255      }
 256      if (creator.CreateSig(provider, sig_out, keyid, scriptcode, sigversion)) {
 257          auto i = sigdata.signatures.emplace(keyid, SigPair(pubkey, sig_out));
 258          assert(i.second);
 259          return true;
 260      }
 261      // Could not make signature or signature not found, add keyid to missing
 262      sigdata.missing_sigs.push_back(keyid);
 263      return false;
 264  }
 265  
 266  static bool SignMuSig2(const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, SignatureData& sigdata, const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig_out, const XOnlyPubKey& script_pubkey, const uint256* merkle_root, const uint256* leaf_hash, SigVersion sigversion)
 267  {
 268      Assert(sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT || sigversion == SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT);
 269  
 270      // Lookup derivation paths for the script pubkey
 271      KeyOriginInfo agg_info;
 272      auto misc_pk_it = sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.find(script_pubkey);
 273      if (misc_pk_it != sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.end()) {
 274          agg_info = misc_pk_it->second.second;
 275      }
 276  
 277      for (const auto& [agg_pub, part_pks] : sigdata.musig2_pubkeys) {
 278          if (part_pks.empty()) continue;
 279  
 280          // Fill participant derivation path info
 281          for (const auto& part_pk : part_pks) {
 282              KeyOriginInfo part_info;
 283              if (provider.GetKeyOrigin(part_pk.GetID(), part_info)) {
 284                  XOnlyPubKey xonly_part(part_pk);
 285                  auto it = sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.find(xonly_part);
 286                  if (it == sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.end()) {
 287                      it = sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.emplace(xonly_part, std::make_pair(std::set<uint256>(), part_info)).first;
 288                  }
 289                  if (leaf_hash) it->second.first.insert(*leaf_hash);
 290              }
 291          }
 292  
 293          // The pubkey in the script may not be the actual aggregate of the participants, but derived from it.
 294          // Check the derivation, and compute the BIP 32 derivation tweaks
 295          std::vector<std::pair<uint256, bool>> tweaks;
 296          CPubKey plain_pub = agg_pub;
 297          if (XOnlyPubKey(agg_pub) != script_pubkey) {
 298              if (agg_info.path.empty()) continue;
 299              // Compute and compare fingerprint
 300              CKeyID keyid = agg_pub.GetID();
 301              if (!std::equal(agg_info.fingerprint, agg_info.fingerprint + sizeof(agg_info.fingerprint), keyid.data())) {
 302                  continue;
 303              }
 304              // Get the BIP32 derivation tweaks
 305              CExtPubKey extpub = CreateMuSig2SyntheticXpub(agg_pub);
 306              for (const int i : agg_info.path) {
 307                  auto& [t, xonly] = tweaks.emplace_back();
 308                  xonly = false;
 309                  if (!extpub.Derive(extpub, i, &t)) {
 310                      return false;
 311                  }
 312              }
 313              Assert(XOnlyPubKey(extpub.pubkey) == script_pubkey);
 314              plain_pub = extpub.pubkey;
 315          }
 316  
 317          // Add the merkle root tweak
 318          if (sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT && merkle_root) {
 319              tweaks.emplace_back(script_pubkey.ComputeTapTweakHash(merkle_root->IsNull() ? nullptr : merkle_root), true);
 320              std::optional<std::pair<XOnlyPubKey, bool>> tweaked = script_pubkey.CreateTapTweak(merkle_root->IsNull() ? nullptr : merkle_root);
 321              if (!Assume(tweaked)) return false;
 322              plain_pub = tweaked->first.GetCPubKeys().at(tweaked->second ? 1 : 0);
 323          }
 324  
 325          // First try to aggregate
 326          if (creator.CreateMuSig2AggregateSig(part_pks, sig_out, agg_pub, plain_pub, leaf_hash, tweaks, sigversion, sigdata)) {
 327              if (sigversion == SigVersion::TAPROOT) {
 328                  sigdata.taproot_key_path_sig = sig_out;
 329              } else {
 330                  auto lookup_key = std::make_pair(script_pubkey, leaf_hash ? *leaf_hash : uint256());
 331                  sigdata.taproot_script_sigs[lookup_key] = sig_out;
 332              }
 333              continue;
 334          }
 335          // Cannot aggregate, try making partial sigs for every participant
 336          auto pub_key_leaf_hash = std::make_pair(plain_pub, leaf_hash ? *leaf_hash : uint256());
 337          for (const CPubKey& part_pk : part_pks) {
 338              uint256 partial_sig;
 339              if (creator.CreateMuSig2PartialSig(provider, partial_sig, agg_pub, plain_pub, part_pk, leaf_hash, tweaks, sigversion, sigdata) && Assume(!partial_sig.IsNull())) {
 340                  sigdata.musig2_partial_sigs[pub_key_leaf_hash].emplace(part_pk, partial_sig);
 341              }
 342          }
 343          // If there are any partial signatures, continue with next aggregate pubkey
 344          auto partial_sigs_it = sigdata.musig2_partial_sigs.find(pub_key_leaf_hash);
 345          if (partial_sigs_it != sigdata.musig2_partial_sigs.end() && !partial_sigs_it->second.empty()) {
 346              continue;
 347          }
 348          // No partial sigs, try to make pubnonces
 349          std::map<CPubKey, std::vector<uint8_t>>& pubnonces = sigdata.musig2_pubnonces[pub_key_leaf_hash];
 350          for (const CPubKey& part_pk : part_pks) {
 351              if (pubnonces.contains(part_pk)) continue;
 352              std::vector<uint8_t> pubnonce = creator.CreateMuSig2Nonce(provider, agg_pub, plain_pub, part_pk, leaf_hash, merkle_root, sigversion, sigdata);
 353              if (pubnonce.empty()) continue;
 354              pubnonces[part_pk] = std::move(pubnonce);
 355          }
 356      }
 357      return true;
 358  }
 359  
 360  static bool CreateTaprootScriptSig(const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, SignatureData& sigdata, const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig_out, const XOnlyPubKey& pubkey, const uint256& leaf_hash, SigVersion sigversion)
 361  {
 362      KeyOriginInfo info;
 363      if (provider.GetKeyOriginByXOnly(pubkey, info)) {
 364          auto it = sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.find(pubkey);
 365          if (it == sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.end()) {
 366              sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.emplace(pubkey, std::make_pair(std::set<uint256>({leaf_hash}), info));
 367          } else {
 368              it->second.first.insert(leaf_hash);
 369          }
 370      }
 371  
 372      auto lookup_key = std::make_pair(pubkey, leaf_hash);
 373      auto it = sigdata.taproot_script_sigs.find(lookup_key);
 374      if (it != sigdata.taproot_script_sigs.end()) {
 375          sig_out = it->second;
 376          return true;
 377      }
 378  
 379      if (creator.CreateSchnorrSig(provider, sig_out, pubkey, &leaf_hash, nullptr, sigversion)) {
 380          sigdata.taproot_script_sigs[lookup_key] = sig_out;
 381      } else if (!SignMuSig2(creator, sigdata, provider, sig_out, pubkey, /*merkle_root=*/nullptr, &leaf_hash, sigversion)) {
 382          return false;
 383      }
 384  
 385      return sigdata.taproot_script_sigs.contains(lookup_key);
 386  }
 387  
 388  template<typename M, typename K, typename V>
 389  miniscript::Availability MsLookupHelper(const M& map, const K& key, V& value)
 390  {
 391      auto it = map.find(key);
 392      if (it != map.end()) {
 393          value = it->second;
 394          return miniscript::Availability::YES;
 395      }
 396      return miniscript::Availability::NO;
 397  }
 398  
 399  /**
 400   * Context for solving a Miniscript.
 401   * If enough material (access to keys, hash preimages, ..) is given, produces a valid satisfaction.
 402   */
 403  template<typename Pk>
 404  struct Satisfier {
 405      using Key = Pk;
 406  
 407      const SigningProvider& m_provider;
 408      SignatureData& m_sig_data;
 409      const BaseSignatureCreator& m_creator;
 410      const CScript& m_witness_script;
 411      //! The context of the script we are satisfying (either P2WSH or Tapscript).
 412      const miniscript::MiniscriptContext m_script_ctx;
 413  
 414      explicit Satisfier(const SigningProvider& provider LIFETIMEBOUND, SignatureData& sig_data LIFETIMEBOUND,
 415                         const BaseSignatureCreator& creator LIFETIMEBOUND,
 416                         const CScript& witscript LIFETIMEBOUND,
 417                         miniscript::MiniscriptContext script_ctx) : m_provider(provider),
 418                                                                     m_sig_data(sig_data),
 419                                                                     m_creator(creator),
 420                                                                     m_witness_script(witscript),
 421                                                                     m_script_ctx(script_ctx) {}
 422  
 423      static bool KeyCompare(const Key& a, const Key& b) {
 424          return a < b;
 425      }
 426  
 427      //! Get a CPubKey from a key hash. Note the key hash may be of an xonly pubkey.
 428      template<typename I>
 429      std::optional<CPubKey> CPubFromPKHBytes(I first, I last) const {
 430          assert(last - first == 20);
 431          CPubKey pubkey;
 432          CKeyID key_id;
 433          std::copy(first, last, key_id.begin());
 434          if (GetPubKey(m_provider, m_sig_data, key_id, pubkey)) return pubkey;
 435          m_sig_data.missing_pubkeys.push_back(key_id);
 436          return {};
 437      }
 438  
 439      //! Conversion to raw public key.
 440      std::vector<unsigned char> ToPKBytes(const Key& key) const { return {key.begin(), key.end()}; }
 441  
 442      //! Time lock satisfactions.
 443      bool CheckAfter(uint32_t value) const { return m_creator.Checker().CheckLockTime(CScriptNum(value)); }
 444      bool CheckOlder(uint32_t value) const { return m_creator.Checker().CheckSequence(CScriptNum(value)); }
 445  
 446      //! Hash preimage satisfactions.
 447      miniscript::Availability SatSHA256(const std::vector<unsigned char>& hash, std::vector<unsigned char>& preimage) const {
 448          return MsLookupHelper(m_sig_data.sha256_preimages, hash, preimage);
 449      }
 450      miniscript::Availability SatRIPEMD160(const std::vector<unsigned char>& hash, std::vector<unsigned char>& preimage) const {
 451          return MsLookupHelper(m_sig_data.ripemd160_preimages, hash, preimage);
 452      }
 453      miniscript::Availability SatHASH256(const std::vector<unsigned char>& hash, std::vector<unsigned char>& preimage) const {
 454          return MsLookupHelper(m_sig_data.hash256_preimages, hash, preimage);
 455      }
 456      miniscript::Availability SatHASH160(const std::vector<unsigned char>& hash, std::vector<unsigned char>& preimage) const {
 457          return MsLookupHelper(m_sig_data.hash160_preimages, hash, preimage);
 458      }
 459  
 460      miniscript::MiniscriptContext MsContext() const {
 461          return m_script_ctx;
 462      }
 463  };
 464  
 465  /** Miniscript satisfier specific to P2WSH context. */
 466  struct WshSatisfier: Satisfier<CPubKey> {
 467      explicit WshSatisfier(const SigningProvider& provider LIFETIMEBOUND, SignatureData& sig_data LIFETIMEBOUND,
 468                            const BaseSignatureCreator& creator LIFETIMEBOUND, const CScript& witscript LIFETIMEBOUND)
 469                            : Satisfier(provider, sig_data, creator, witscript, miniscript::MiniscriptContext::P2WSH) {}
 470  
 471      //! Conversion from a raw compressed public key.
 472      template <typename I>
 473      std::optional<CPubKey> FromPKBytes(I first, I last) const {
 474          CPubKey pubkey{first, last};
 475          if (pubkey.IsValid()) return pubkey;
 476          return {};
 477      }
 478  
 479      //! Conversion from a raw compressed public key hash.
 480      template<typename I>
 481      std::optional<CPubKey> FromPKHBytes(I first, I last) const {
 482          return Satisfier::CPubFromPKHBytes(first, last);
 483      }
 484  
 485      //! Satisfy an ECDSA signature check.
 486      miniscript::Availability Sign(const CPubKey& key, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig) const {
 487          if (CreateSig(m_creator, m_sig_data, m_provider, sig, key, m_witness_script, SigVersion::WITNESS_V0)) {
 488              return miniscript::Availability::YES;
 489          }
 490          return miniscript::Availability::NO;
 491      }
 492  };
 493  
 494  /** Miniscript satisfier specific to Tapscript context. */
 495  struct TapSatisfier: Satisfier<XOnlyPubKey> {
 496      const uint256& m_leaf_hash;
 497  
 498      explicit TapSatisfier(const SigningProvider& provider LIFETIMEBOUND, SignatureData& sig_data LIFETIMEBOUND,
 499                            const BaseSignatureCreator& creator LIFETIMEBOUND, const CScript& script LIFETIMEBOUND,
 500                            const uint256& leaf_hash LIFETIMEBOUND)
 501                            : Satisfier(provider, sig_data, creator, script, miniscript::MiniscriptContext::TAPSCRIPT),
 502                              m_leaf_hash(leaf_hash) {}
 503  
 504      //! Conversion from a raw xonly public key.
 505      template <typename I>
 506      std::optional<XOnlyPubKey> FromPKBytes(I first, I last) const {
 507          if (last - first != 32) return {};
 508          XOnlyPubKey pubkey;
 509          std::copy(first, last, pubkey.begin());
 510          return pubkey;
 511      }
 512  
 513      //! Conversion from a raw xonly public key hash.
 514      template<typename I>
 515      std::optional<XOnlyPubKey> FromPKHBytes(I first, I last) const {
 516          if (auto pubkey = Satisfier::CPubFromPKHBytes(first, last)) return XOnlyPubKey{*pubkey};
 517          return {};
 518      }
 519  
 520      //! Satisfy a BIP340 signature check.
 521      miniscript::Availability Sign(const XOnlyPubKey& key, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig) const {
 522          if (CreateTaprootScriptSig(m_creator, m_sig_data, m_provider, sig, key, m_leaf_hash, SigVersion::TAPSCRIPT)) {
 523              return miniscript::Availability::YES;
 524          }
 525          return miniscript::Availability::NO;
 526      }
 527  };
 528  
 529  static bool SignTaprootScript(const SigningProvider& provider, const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, SignatureData& sigdata, int leaf_version, std::span<const unsigned char> script_bytes, std::vector<valtype>& result)
 530  {
 531      // Only BIP342 tapscript signing is supported for now.
 532      if (leaf_version != TAPROOT_LEAF_TAPSCRIPT) return false;
 533  
 534      uint256 leaf_hash = ComputeTapleafHash(leaf_version, script_bytes);
 535      CScript script = CScript(script_bytes.begin(), script_bytes.end());
 536  
 537      TapSatisfier ms_satisfier{provider, sigdata, creator, script, leaf_hash};
 538      const auto ms = miniscript::FromScript(script, ms_satisfier);
 539      return ms && ms->Satisfy(ms_satisfier, result) == miniscript::Availability::YES;
 540  }
 541  
 542  static bool SignTaproot(const SigningProvider& provider, const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, const WitnessV1Taproot& output, SignatureData& sigdata, std::vector<valtype>& result)
 543  {
 544      TaprootSpendData spenddata;
 545      TaprootBuilder builder;
 546  
 547      // Gather information about this output.
 548      if (provider.GetTaprootSpendData(output, spenddata)) {
 549          sigdata.tr_spenddata.Merge(spenddata);
 550      }
 551      if (provider.GetTaprootBuilder(output, builder)) {
 552          sigdata.tr_builder = builder;
 553      }
 554      if (auto agg_keys = provider.GetAllMuSig2ParticipantPubkeys(); !agg_keys.empty()) {
 555          sigdata.musig2_pubkeys.insert(agg_keys.begin(), agg_keys.end());
 556      }
 557  
 558  
 559      // Try key path spending.
 560      {
 561          KeyOriginInfo internal_key_info;
 562          if (provider.GetKeyOriginByXOnly(sigdata.tr_spenddata.internal_key, internal_key_info)) {
 563              auto it = sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.find(sigdata.tr_spenddata.internal_key);
 564              if (it == sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.end()) {
 565                  sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.emplace(sigdata.tr_spenddata.internal_key, std::make_pair(std::set<uint256>(), internal_key_info));
 566              }
 567          }
 568  
 569          KeyOriginInfo output_key_info;
 570          if (provider.GetKeyOriginByXOnly(output, output_key_info)) {
 571              auto it = sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.find(output);
 572              if (it == sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.end()) {
 573                  sigdata.taproot_misc_pubkeys.emplace(output, std::make_pair(std::set<uint256>(), output_key_info));
 574              }
 575          }
 576  
 577          auto make_keypath_sig = [&](const XOnlyPubKey& pk, const uint256* merkle_root) {
 578              std::vector<unsigned char> sig;
 579              if (creator.CreateSchnorrSig(provider, sig, pk, nullptr, merkle_root, SigVersion::TAPROOT)) {
 580                  sigdata.taproot_key_path_sig = sig;
 581              } else {
 582                  SignMuSig2(creator, sigdata, provider, sig, pk, merkle_root, /*leaf_hash=*/nullptr, SigVersion::TAPROOT);
 583              }
 584          };
 585  
 586          // First try signing with internal key
 587          if (sigdata.taproot_key_path_sig.size() == 0) {
 588              make_keypath_sig(sigdata.tr_spenddata.internal_key, &sigdata.tr_spenddata.merkle_root);
 589          }
 590          // Try signing with output key if still no signature
 591          if (sigdata.taproot_key_path_sig.size() == 0) {
 592              make_keypath_sig(output, nullptr);
 593          }
 594          if (sigdata.taproot_key_path_sig.size()) {
 595              result = Vector(sigdata.taproot_key_path_sig);
 596              return true;
 597          }
 598      }
 599  
 600      // Try script path spending.
 601      std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> smallest_result_stack;
 602      for (const auto& [key, control_blocks] : sigdata.tr_spenddata.scripts) {
 603          const auto& [script, leaf_ver] = key;
 604          std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> result_stack;
 605          if (SignTaprootScript(provider, creator, sigdata, leaf_ver, script, result_stack)) {
 606              result_stack.emplace_back(std::begin(script), std::end(script)); // Push the script
 607              result_stack.push_back(*control_blocks.begin()); // Push the smallest control block
 608              if (smallest_result_stack.size() == 0 ||
 609                  GetSerializeSize(result_stack) < GetSerializeSize(smallest_result_stack)) {
 610                  smallest_result_stack = std::move(result_stack);
 611              }
 612          }
 613      }
 614      if (smallest_result_stack.size() != 0) {
 615          result = std::move(smallest_result_stack);
 616          return true;
 617      }
 618  
 619      return false;
 620  }
 621  
 622  /**
 623   * Sign scriptPubKey using signature made with creator.
 624   * Signatures are returned in scriptSigRet (or returns false if scriptPubKey can't be signed),
 625   * unless whichTypeRet is TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH, in which case scriptSigRet is the redemption script.
 626   * Returns false if scriptPubKey could not be completely satisfied.
 627   */
 628  static bool SignStep(const SigningProvider& provider, const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, const CScript& scriptPubKey,
 629                       std::vector<valtype>& ret, TxoutType& whichTypeRet, SigVersion sigversion, SignatureData& sigdata)
 630  {
 631      CScript scriptRet;
 632      ret.clear();
 633      std::vector<unsigned char> sig;
 634  
 635      std::vector<valtype> vSolutions;
 636      whichTypeRet = Solver(scriptPubKey, vSolutions);
 637  
 638      switch (whichTypeRet) {
 639      case TxoutType::NONSTANDARD:
 640      case TxoutType::NULL_DATA:
 641      case TxoutType::WITNESS_UNKNOWN:
 642          return false;
 643      case TxoutType::PUBKEY:
 644          if (!CreateSig(creator, sigdata, provider, sig, CPubKey(vSolutions[0]), scriptPubKey, sigversion)) return false;
 645          ret.push_back(std::move(sig));
 646          return true;
 647      case TxoutType::PUBKEYHASH: {
 648          CKeyID keyID = CKeyID(uint160(vSolutions[0]));
 649          CPubKey pubkey;
 650          if (!GetPubKey(provider, sigdata, keyID, pubkey)) {
 651              // Pubkey could not be found, add to missing
 652              sigdata.missing_pubkeys.push_back(keyID);
 653              return false;
 654          }
 655          if (!CreateSig(creator, sigdata, provider, sig, pubkey, scriptPubKey, sigversion)) return false;
 656          ret.push_back(std::move(sig));
 657          ret.push_back(ToByteVector(pubkey));
 658          return true;
 659      }
 660      case TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH: {
 661          uint160 h160{vSolutions[0]};
 662          if (GetCScript(provider, sigdata, CScriptID{h160}, scriptRet)) {
 663              ret.emplace_back(scriptRet.begin(), scriptRet.end());
 664              return true;
 665          }
 666          // Could not find redeemScript, add to missing
 667          sigdata.missing_redeem_script = h160;
 668          return false;
 669      }
 670      case TxoutType::MULTISIG: {
 671          size_t required = vSolutions.front()[0];
 672          ret.emplace_back(); // workaround CHECKMULTISIG bug
 673          for (size_t i = 1; i < vSolutions.size() - 1; ++i) {
 674              CPubKey pubkey = CPubKey(vSolutions[i]);
 675              // We need to always call CreateSig in order to fill sigdata with all
 676              // possible signatures that we can create. This will allow further PSBT
 677              // processing to work as it needs all possible signature and pubkey pairs
 678              if (CreateSig(creator, sigdata, provider, sig, pubkey, scriptPubKey, sigversion)) {
 679                  if (ret.size() < required + 1) {
 680                      ret.push_back(std::move(sig));
 681                  }
 682              }
 683          }
 684          bool ok = ret.size() == required + 1;
 685          for (size_t i = 0; i + ret.size() < required + 1; ++i) {
 686              ret.emplace_back();
 687          }
 688          return ok;
 689      }
 690      case TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH:
 691          ret.push_back(vSolutions[0]);
 692          return true;
 693  
 694      case TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH:
 695          if (GetCScript(provider, sigdata, CScriptID{RIPEMD160(vSolutions[0])}, scriptRet)) {
 696              ret.emplace_back(scriptRet.begin(), scriptRet.end());
 697              return true;
 698          }
 699          // Could not find witnessScript, add to missing
 700          sigdata.missing_witness_script = uint256(vSolutions[0]);
 701          return false;
 702  
 703      case TxoutType::WITNESS_V1_TAPROOT:
 704          return SignTaproot(provider, creator, WitnessV1Taproot(XOnlyPubKey{vSolutions[0]}), sigdata, ret);
 705  
 706      case TxoutType::ANCHOR:
 707          return true;
 708      } // no default case, so the compiler can warn about missing cases
 709      assert(false);
 710  }
 711  
 712  static CScript PushAll(const std::vector<valtype>& values)
 713  {
 714      CScript result;
 715      for (const valtype& v : values) {
 716          if (v.size() == 0) {
 717              result << OP_0;
 718          } else if (v.size() == 1 && v[0] >= 1 && v[0] <= 16) {
 719              result << CScript::EncodeOP_N(v[0]);
 720          } else if (v.size() == 1 && v[0] == 0x81) {
 721              result << OP_1NEGATE;
 722          } else {
 723              result << v;
 724          }
 725      }
 726      return result;
 727  }
 728  
 729  bool ProduceSignature(const SigningProvider& provider, const BaseSignatureCreator& creator, const CScript& fromPubKey, SignatureData& sigdata)
 730  {
 731      if (sigdata.complete) return true;
 732  
 733      std::vector<valtype> result;
 734      TxoutType whichType;
 735      bool solved = SignStep(provider, creator, fromPubKey, result, whichType, SigVersion::BASE, sigdata);
 736      bool P2SH = false;
 737      CScript subscript;
 738  
 739      if (solved && whichType == TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH)
 740      {
 741          // Solver returns the subscript that needs to be evaluated;
 742          // the final scriptSig is the signatures from that
 743          // and then the serialized subscript:
 744          subscript = CScript(result[0].begin(), result[0].end());
 745          sigdata.redeem_script = subscript;
 746          solved = solved && SignStep(provider, creator, subscript, result, whichType, SigVersion::BASE, sigdata) && whichType != TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH;
 747          P2SH = true;
 748      }
 749  
 750      if (solved && whichType == TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH)
 751      {
 752          CScript witnessscript;
 753          witnessscript << OP_DUP << OP_HASH160 << ToByteVector(result[0]) << OP_EQUALVERIFY << OP_CHECKSIG;
 754          TxoutType subType;
 755          solved = solved && SignStep(provider, creator, witnessscript, result, subType, SigVersion::WITNESS_V0, sigdata);
 756          sigdata.scriptWitness.stack = result;
 757          sigdata.witness = true;
 758          result.clear();
 759      }
 760      else if (solved && whichType == TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH)
 761      {
 762          CScript witnessscript(result[0].begin(), result[0].end());
 763          sigdata.witness_script = witnessscript;
 764  
 765          TxoutType subType{TxoutType::NONSTANDARD};
 766          solved = solved && SignStep(provider, creator, witnessscript, result, subType, SigVersion::WITNESS_V0, sigdata) && subType != TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH && subType != TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH && subType != TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_KEYHASH;
 767  
 768          // If we couldn't find a solution with the legacy satisfier, try satisfying the script using Miniscript.
 769          // Note we need to check if the result stack is empty before, because it might be used even if the Script
 770          // isn't fully solved. For instance the CHECKMULTISIG satisfaction in SignStep() pushes partial signatures
 771          // and the extractor relies on this behaviour to combine witnesses.
 772          if (!solved && result.empty()) {
 773              WshSatisfier ms_satisfier{provider, sigdata, creator, witnessscript};
 774              const auto ms = miniscript::FromScript(witnessscript, ms_satisfier);
 775              solved = ms && ms->Satisfy(ms_satisfier, result) == miniscript::Availability::YES;
 776          }
 777          result.emplace_back(witnessscript.begin(), witnessscript.end());
 778  
 779          sigdata.scriptWitness.stack = result;
 780          sigdata.witness = true;
 781          result.clear();
 782      } else if (whichType == TxoutType::WITNESS_V1_TAPROOT && !P2SH) {
 783          sigdata.witness = true;
 784          if (solved) {
 785              sigdata.scriptWitness.stack = std::move(result);
 786          }
 787          result.clear();
 788      } else if (solved && whichType == TxoutType::WITNESS_UNKNOWN) {
 789          sigdata.witness = true;
 790      }
 791  
 792      if (!sigdata.witness) sigdata.scriptWitness.stack.clear();
 793      if (P2SH) {
 794          result.emplace_back(subscript.begin(), subscript.end());
 795      }
 796      sigdata.scriptSig = PushAll(result);
 797  
 798      // Test solution
 799      sigdata.complete = solved && VerifyScript(sigdata.scriptSig, fromPubKey, &sigdata.scriptWitness, STANDARD_SCRIPT_VERIFY_FLAGS, creator.Checker());
 800      return sigdata.complete;
 801  }
 802  
 803  namespace {
 804  class SignatureExtractorChecker final : public DeferringSignatureChecker
 805  {
 806  private:
 807      SignatureData& sigdata;
 808  
 809  public:
 810      SignatureExtractorChecker(SignatureData& sigdata, BaseSignatureChecker& checker) : DeferringSignatureChecker(checker), sigdata(sigdata) {}
 811  
 812      bool CheckECDSASignature(const std::vector<unsigned char>& scriptSig, const std::vector<unsigned char>& vchPubKey, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const override
 813      {
 814          if (m_checker.CheckECDSASignature(scriptSig, vchPubKey, scriptCode, sigversion)) {
 815              CPubKey pubkey(vchPubKey);
 816              sigdata.signatures.emplace(pubkey.GetID(), SigPair(pubkey, scriptSig));
 817              return true;
 818          }
 819          return false;
 820      }
 821  };
 822  
 823  struct Stacks
 824  {
 825      std::vector<valtype> script;
 826      std::vector<valtype> witness;
 827  
 828      Stacks() = delete;
 829      Stacks(const Stacks&) = delete;
 830      explicit Stacks(const SignatureData& data) : witness(data.scriptWitness.stack) {
 831          EvalScript(script, data.scriptSig, SCRIPT_VERIFY_STRICTENC, BaseSignatureChecker(), SigVersion::BASE);
 832      }
 833  };
 834  }
 835  
 836  // Extracts signatures and scripts from incomplete scriptSigs. Please do not extend this, use PSBT instead
 837  SignatureData DataFromTransaction(const CMutableTransaction& tx, unsigned int nIn, const CTxOut& txout)
 838  {
 839      SignatureData data;
 840      assert(tx.vin.size() > nIn);
 841      data.scriptSig = tx.vin[nIn].scriptSig;
 842      data.scriptWitness = tx.vin[nIn].scriptWitness;
 843      Stacks stack(data);
 844  
 845      // Get signatures
 846      MutableTransactionSignatureChecker tx_checker(&tx, nIn, txout.nValue, MissingDataBehavior::FAIL);
 847      SignatureExtractorChecker extractor_checker(data, tx_checker);
 848      if (VerifyScript(data.scriptSig, txout.scriptPubKey, &data.scriptWitness, STANDARD_SCRIPT_VERIFY_FLAGS, extractor_checker)) {
 849          data.complete = true;
 850          return data;
 851      }
 852  
 853      // Get scripts
 854      std::vector<std::vector<unsigned char>> solutions;
 855      TxoutType script_type = Solver(txout.scriptPubKey, solutions);
 856      SigVersion sigversion = SigVersion::BASE;
 857      CScript next_script = txout.scriptPubKey;
 858  
 859      if (script_type == TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH && !stack.script.empty() && !stack.script.back().empty()) {
 860          // Get the redeemScript
 861          CScript redeem_script(stack.script.back().begin(), stack.script.back().end());
 862          data.redeem_script = redeem_script;
 863          next_script = std::move(redeem_script);
 864  
 865          // Get redeemScript type
 866          script_type = Solver(next_script, solutions);
 867          stack.script.pop_back();
 868      }
 869      if (script_type == TxoutType::WITNESS_V0_SCRIPTHASH && !stack.witness.empty() && !stack.witness.back().empty()) {
 870          // Get the witnessScript
 871          CScript witness_script(stack.witness.back().begin(), stack.witness.back().end());
 872          data.witness_script = witness_script;
 873          next_script = std::move(witness_script);
 874  
 875          // Get witnessScript type
 876          script_type = Solver(next_script, solutions);
 877          stack.witness.pop_back();
 878          stack.script = std::move(stack.witness);
 879          stack.witness.clear();
 880          sigversion = SigVersion::WITNESS_V0;
 881      }
 882      if (script_type == TxoutType::MULTISIG && !stack.script.empty()) {
 883          // Build a map of pubkey -> signature by matching sigs to pubkeys:
 884          assert(solutions.size() > 1);
 885          unsigned int num_pubkeys = solutions.size()-2;
 886          unsigned int last_success_key = 0;
 887          for (const valtype& sig : stack.script) {
 888              for (unsigned int i = last_success_key; i < num_pubkeys; ++i) {
 889                  const valtype& pubkey = solutions[i+1];
 890                  // We either have a signature for this pubkey, or we have found a signature and it is valid
 891                  if (data.signatures.contains(CPubKey(pubkey).GetID()) || extractor_checker.CheckECDSASignature(sig, pubkey, next_script, sigversion)) {
 892                      last_success_key = i + 1;
 893                      break;
 894                  }
 895              }
 896          }
 897      }
 898  
 899      return data;
 900  }
 901  
 902  void UpdateInput(CTxIn& input, const SignatureData& data)
 903  {
 904      input.scriptSig = data.scriptSig;
 905      input.scriptWitness = data.scriptWitness;
 906  }
 907  
 908  void SignatureData::MergeSignatureData(SignatureData sigdata)
 909  {
 910      if (complete) return;
 911      if (sigdata.complete) {
 912          *this = std::move(sigdata);
 913          return;
 914      }
 915      if (redeem_script.empty() && !sigdata.redeem_script.empty()) {
 916          redeem_script = sigdata.redeem_script;
 917      }
 918      if (witness_script.empty() && !sigdata.witness_script.empty()) {
 919          witness_script = sigdata.witness_script;
 920      }
 921      signatures.insert(std::make_move_iterator(sigdata.signatures.begin()), std::make_move_iterator(sigdata.signatures.end()));
 922  }
 923  
 924  namespace {
 925  /** Dummy signature checker which accepts all signatures. */
 926  class DummySignatureChecker final : public BaseSignatureChecker
 927  {
 928  public:
 929      DummySignatureChecker() = default;
 930      bool CheckECDSASignature(const std::vector<unsigned char>& sig, const std::vector<unsigned char>& vchPubKey, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const override { return sig.size() != 0; }
 931      bool CheckSchnorrSignature(std::span<const unsigned char> sig, std::span<const unsigned char> pubkey, SigVersion sigversion, ScriptExecutionData& execdata, ScriptError* serror) const override { return sig.size() != 0; }
 932      bool CheckLockTime(const CScriptNum& nLockTime) const override { return true; }
 933      bool CheckSequence(const CScriptNum& nSequence) const override { return true; }
 934  };
 935  }
 936  
 937  const BaseSignatureChecker& DUMMY_CHECKER = DummySignatureChecker();
 938  
 939  namespace {
 940  class DummySignatureCreator final : public BaseSignatureCreator {
 941  private:
 942      char m_r_len = 32;
 943      char m_s_len = 32;
 944  public:
 945      DummySignatureCreator(char r_len, char s_len) : m_r_len(r_len), m_s_len(s_len) {}
 946      const BaseSignatureChecker& Checker() const override { return DUMMY_CHECKER; }
 947      bool CreateSig(const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& vchSig, const CKeyID& keyid, const CScript& scriptCode, SigVersion sigversion) const override
 948      {
 949          // Create a dummy signature that is a valid DER-encoding
 950          vchSig.assign(m_r_len + m_s_len + 7, '\000');
 951          vchSig[0] = 0x30;
 952          vchSig[1] = m_r_len + m_s_len + 4;
 953          vchSig[2] = 0x02;
 954          vchSig[3] = m_r_len;
 955          vchSig[4] = 0x01;
 956          vchSig[4 + m_r_len] = 0x02;
 957          vchSig[5 + m_r_len] = m_s_len;
 958          vchSig[6 + m_r_len] = 0x01;
 959          vchSig[6 + m_r_len + m_s_len] = SIGHASH_ALL;
 960          return true;
 961      }
 962      bool CreateSchnorrSig(const SigningProvider& provider, std::vector<unsigned char>& sig, const XOnlyPubKey& pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const uint256* tweak, SigVersion sigversion) const override
 963      {
 964          sig.assign(64, '\000');
 965          return true;
 966      }
 967      std::vector<uint8_t> CreateMuSig2Nonce(const SigningProvider& provider, const CPubKey& aggregate_pubkey, const CPubKey& script_pubkey, const CPubKey& part_pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const uint256* merkle_root, SigVersion sigversion, const SignatureData& sigdata) const override
 968      {
 969          std::vector<uint8_t> out;
 970          out.assign(MUSIG2_PUBNONCE_SIZE, '\000');
 971          return out;
 972      }
 973      bool CreateMuSig2PartialSig(const SigningProvider& provider, uint256& partial_sig, const CPubKey& aggregate_pubkey, const CPubKey& script_pubkey, const CPubKey& part_pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const std::vector<std::pair<uint256, bool>>& tweaks, SigVersion sigversion, const SignatureData& sigdata) const override
 974      {
 975          partial_sig = uint256::ONE;
 976          return true;
 977      }
 978      bool CreateMuSig2AggregateSig(const std::vector<CPubKey>& participants, std::vector<uint8_t>& sig, const CPubKey& aggregate_pubkey, const CPubKey& script_pubkey, const uint256* leaf_hash, const std::vector<std::pair<uint256, bool>>& tweaks, SigVersion sigversion, const SignatureData& sigdata) const override
 979      {
 980          sig.assign(64, '\000');
 981          return true;
 982      }
 983  };
 984  
 985  }
 986  
 987  const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_SIGNATURE_CREATOR = DummySignatureCreator(32, 32);
 988  const BaseSignatureCreator& DUMMY_MAXIMUM_SIGNATURE_CREATOR = DummySignatureCreator(33, 32);
 989  
 990  bool IsSegWitOutput(const SigningProvider& provider, const CScript& script)
 991  {
 992      int version;
 993      valtype program;
 994      if (script.IsWitnessProgram(version, program)) return true;
 995      if (script.IsPayToScriptHash()) {
 996          std::vector<valtype> solutions;
 997          auto whichtype = Solver(script, solutions);
 998          if (whichtype == TxoutType::SCRIPTHASH) {
 999              auto h160 = uint160(solutions[0]);
1000              CScript subscript;
1001              if (provider.GetCScript(CScriptID{h160}, subscript)) {
1002                  if (subscript.IsWitnessProgram(version, program)) return true;
1003              }
1004          }
1005      }
1006      return false;
1007  }
1008  
1009  bool SignTransaction(CMutableTransaction& mtx, const SigningProvider* keystore, const std::map<COutPoint, Coin>& coins, int nHashType, std::map<int, bilingual_str>& input_errors)
1010  {
1011      bool fHashSingle = ((nHashType & ~SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY) == SIGHASH_SINGLE);
1012  
1013      // Use CTransaction for the constant parts of the
1014      // transaction to avoid rehashing.
1015      const CTransaction txConst(mtx);
1016  
1017      PrecomputedTransactionData txdata;
1018      std::vector<CTxOut> spent_outputs;
1019      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mtx.vin.size(); ++i) {
1020          CTxIn& txin = mtx.vin[i];
1021          auto coin = coins.find(txin.prevout);
1022          if (coin == coins.end() || coin->second.IsSpent()) {
1023              txdata.Init(txConst, /*spent_outputs=*/{}, /*force=*/true);
1024              break;
1025          } else {
1026              spent_outputs.emplace_back(coin->second.out.nValue, coin->second.out.scriptPubKey);
1027          }
1028      }
1029      if (spent_outputs.size() == mtx.vin.size()) {
1030          txdata.Init(txConst, std::move(spent_outputs), true);
1031      }
1032  
1033      // Sign what we can:
1034      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mtx.vin.size(); ++i) {
1035          CTxIn& txin = mtx.vin[i];
1036          auto coin = coins.find(txin.prevout);
1037          if (coin == coins.end() || coin->second.IsSpent()) {
1038              input_errors[i] = _("Input not found or already spent");
1039              continue;
1040          }
1041          const CScript& prevPubKey = coin->second.out.scriptPubKey;
1042          const CAmount& amount = coin->second.out.nValue;
1043  
1044          SignatureData sigdata = DataFromTransaction(mtx, i, coin->second.out);
1045          // Only sign SIGHASH_SINGLE if there's a corresponding output:
1046          if (!fHashSingle || (i < mtx.vout.size())) {
1047              ProduceSignature(*keystore, MutableTransactionSignatureCreator(mtx, i, amount, &txdata, nHashType), prevPubKey, sigdata);
1048          }
1049  
1050          UpdateInput(txin, sigdata);
1051  
1052          // amount must be specified for valid segwit signature
1053          if (amount == MAX_MONEY && !txin.scriptWitness.IsNull()) {
1054              input_errors[i] = _("Missing amount");
1055              continue;
1056          }
1057  
1058          ScriptError serror = SCRIPT_ERR_OK;
1059          if (!sigdata.complete && !VerifyScript(txin.scriptSig, prevPubKey, &txin.scriptWitness, STANDARD_SCRIPT_VERIFY_FLAGS, TransactionSignatureChecker(&txConst, i, amount, txdata, MissingDataBehavior::FAIL), &serror)) {
1060              if (serror == SCRIPT_ERR_INVALID_STACK_OPERATION) {
1061                  // Unable to sign input and verification failed (possible attempt to partially sign).
1062                  input_errors[i] = Untranslated("Unable to sign input, invalid stack size (possibly missing key)");
1063              } else if (serror == SCRIPT_ERR_SIG_NULLFAIL) {
1064                  // Verification failed (possibly due to insufficient signatures).
1065                  input_errors[i] = Untranslated("CHECK(MULTI)SIG failing with non-zero signature (possibly need more signatures)");
1066              } else {
1067                  input_errors[i] = Untranslated(ScriptErrorString(serror));
1068              }
1069          } else {
1070              // If this input succeeds, make sure there is no error set for it
1071              input_errors.erase(i);
1072          }
1073      }
1074      return input_errors.empty();
1075  }