/ src / test / kernel / test_kernel.cpp
test_kernel.cpp
   1  // Copyright (c) 2024-present The Bitcoin Core developers
   2  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
   3  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
   4  
   5  #include <kernel/bitcoinkernel.h>
   6  #include <kernel/bitcoinkernel_wrapper.h>
   7  
   8  #define BOOST_TEST_MODULE Bitcoin Kernel Test Suite
   9  #include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
  10  
  11  #include <test/kernel/block_data.h>
  12  
  13  #include <charconv>
  14  #include <cstdint>
  15  #include <cstdlib>
  16  #include <filesystem>
  17  #include <iostream>
  18  #include <memory>
  19  #include <optional>
  20  #include <random>
  21  #include <ranges>
  22  #include <span>
  23  #include <string>
  24  #include <string_view>
  25  #include <vector>
  26  
  27  using namespace btck;
  28  
  29  std::string random_string(uint32_t length)
  30  {
  31      const std::string chars = "0123456789"
  32                                "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
  33                                "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
  34  
  35      static std::random_device rd;
  36      static std::default_random_engine dre{rd()};
  37      static std::uniform_int_distribution<> distribution(0, chars.size() - 1);
  38  
  39      std::string random;
  40      random.reserve(length);
  41      for (uint32_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
  42          random += chars[distribution(dre)];
  43      }
  44      return random;
  45  }
  46  
  47  std::vector<std::byte> hex_string_to_byte_vec(std::string_view hex)
  48  {
  49      std::vector<std::byte> bytes;
  50      bytes.reserve(hex.length() / 2);
  51  
  52      for (size_t i{0}; i < hex.length(); i += 2) {
  53          uint8_t byte_value;
  54          auto [ptr, ec] = std::from_chars(hex.data() + i, hex.data() + i + 2, byte_value, 16);
  55  
  56          if (ec != std::errc{} || ptr != hex.data() + i + 2) {
  57              throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid hex character");
  58          }
  59          bytes.push_back(static_cast<std::byte>(byte_value));
  60      }
  61      return bytes;
  62  }
  63  
  64  std::string byte_span_to_hex_string_reversed(std::span<const std::byte> bytes)
  65  {
  66      std::ostringstream oss;
  67  
  68      // Iterate in reverse order
  69      for (auto it = bytes.rbegin(); it != bytes.rend(); ++it) {
  70          oss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0')
  71              << static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<uint8_t>(*it));
  72      }
  73  
  74      return oss.str();
  75  }
  76  
  77  constexpr auto VERIFY_ALL_PRE_SEGWIT{ScriptVerificationFlags::P2SH | ScriptVerificationFlags::DERSIG |
  78                                       ScriptVerificationFlags::NULLDUMMY | ScriptVerificationFlags::CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY |
  79                                       ScriptVerificationFlags::CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY};
  80  constexpr auto VERIFY_ALL_PRE_TAPROOT{VERIFY_ALL_PRE_SEGWIT | ScriptVerificationFlags::WITNESS};
  81  
  82  void check_equal(std::span<const std::byte> _actual, std::span<const std::byte> _expected, bool equal = true)
  83  {
  84      std::span<const uint8_t> actual{reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(_actual.data()), _actual.size()};
  85      std::span<const uint8_t> expected{reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(_expected.data()), _expected.size()};
  86      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(
  87          actual.begin(), actual.end(),
  88          expected.begin(), expected.end());
  89  }
  90  
  91  class TestLog
  92  {
  93  public:
  94      void LogMessage(std::string_view message)
  95      {
  96          std::cout << "kernel: " << message;
  97      }
  98  };
  99  
 100  struct TestDirectory {
 101      std::filesystem::path m_directory;
 102      TestDirectory(std::string directory_name)
 103          : m_directory{std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / (directory_name + random_string(16))}
 104      {
 105          std::filesystem::create_directories(m_directory);
 106      }
 107  
 108      ~TestDirectory()
 109      {
 110          std::filesystem::remove_all(m_directory);
 111      }
 112  };
 113  
 114  class TestKernelNotifications : public KernelNotifications
 115  {
 116  public:
 117      void HeaderTipHandler(SynchronizationState state, int64_t height, int64_t timestamp, bool presync) override
 118      {
 119          BOOST_CHECK_GT(timestamp, 0);
 120      }
 121  
 122      void WarningSetHandler(Warning warning, std::string_view message) override
 123      {
 124          std::cout << "Kernel warning is set: " << message << std::endl;
 125      }
 126  
 127      void WarningUnsetHandler(Warning warning) override
 128      {
 129          std::cout << "Kernel warning was unset." << std::endl;
 130      }
 131  
 132      void FlushErrorHandler(std::string_view error) override
 133      {
 134          std::cout << error << std::endl;
 135      }
 136  
 137      void FatalErrorHandler(std::string_view error) override
 138      {
 139          std::cout << error << std::endl;
 140      }
 141  };
 142  
 143  class TestValidationInterface : public ValidationInterface
 144  {
 145  public:
 146      std::optional<std::vector<std::byte>> m_expected_valid_block = std::nullopt;
 147  
 148      void BlockChecked(Block block, BlockValidationStateView state) override
 149      {
 150          if (m_expected_valid_block.has_value()) {
 151              auto ser_block{block.ToBytes()};
 152              check_equal(m_expected_valid_block.value(), ser_block);
 153          }
 154  
 155          auto mode{state.GetValidationMode()};
 156          switch (mode) {
 157          case ValidationMode::VALID: {
 158              std::cout << "Valid block" << std::endl;
 159              return;
 160          }
 161          case ValidationMode::INVALID: {
 162              std::cout << "Invalid block: ";
 163              auto result{state.GetBlockValidationResult()};
 164              switch (result) {
 165              case BlockValidationResult::UNSET:
 166                  std::cout << "initial value. Block has not yet been rejected" << std::endl;
 167                  break;
 168              case BlockValidationResult::HEADER_LOW_WORK:
 169                  std::cout << "the block header may be on a too-little-work chain" << std::endl;
 170                  break;
 171              case BlockValidationResult::CONSENSUS:
 172                  std::cout << "invalid by consensus rules (excluding any below reasons)" << std::endl;
 173                  break;
 174              case BlockValidationResult::CACHED_INVALID:
 175                  std::cout << "this block was cached as being invalid and we didn't store the reason why" << std::endl;
 176                  break;
 177              case BlockValidationResult::INVALID_HEADER:
 178                  std::cout << "invalid proof of work or time too old" << std::endl;
 179                  break;
 180              case BlockValidationResult::MUTATED:
 181                  std::cout << "the block's data didn't match the data committed to by the PoW" << std::endl;
 182                  break;
 183              case BlockValidationResult::MISSING_PREV:
 184                  std::cout << "We don't have the previous block the checked one is built on" << std::endl;
 185                  break;
 186              case BlockValidationResult::INVALID_PREV:
 187                  std::cout << "A block this one builds on is invalid" << std::endl;
 188                  break;
 189              case BlockValidationResult::TIME_FUTURE:
 190                  std::cout << "block timestamp was > 2 hours in the future (or our clock is bad)" << std::endl;
 191                  break;
 192              }
 193              return;
 194          }
 195          case ValidationMode::INTERNAL_ERROR: {
 196              std::cout << "Internal error" << std::endl;
 197              return;
 198          }
 199          }
 200      }
 201  
 202      void BlockConnected(Block block, BlockTreeEntry entry) override
 203      {
 204          std::cout << "Block connected." << std::endl;
 205      }
 206  
 207      void PowValidBlock(BlockTreeEntry entry, Block block) override
 208      {
 209          std::cout << "Block passed pow verification" << std::endl;
 210      }
 211  
 212      void BlockDisconnected(Block block, BlockTreeEntry entry) override
 213      {
 214          std::cout << "Block disconnected." << std::endl;
 215      }
 216  };
 217  
 218  void run_verify_test(
 219      const ScriptPubkey& spent_script_pubkey,
 220      const Transaction& spending_tx,
 221      const PrecomputedTransactionData* precomputed_txdata,
 222      int64_t amount,
 223      unsigned int input_index,
 224      bool taproot)
 225  {
 226      auto status = ScriptVerifyStatus::OK;
 227  
 228      if (taproot) {
 229          BOOST_CHECK(spent_script_pubkey.Verify(
 230              amount,
 231              spending_tx,
 232              precomputed_txdata,
 233              input_index,
 234              ScriptVerificationFlags::ALL,
 235              status));
 236          BOOST_CHECK(status == ScriptVerifyStatus::OK);
 237      } else {
 238          BOOST_CHECK(!spent_script_pubkey.Verify(
 239              amount,
 240              spending_tx,
 241              precomputed_txdata,
 242              input_index,
 243              ScriptVerificationFlags::ALL,
 244              status));
 245          BOOST_CHECK(status == ScriptVerifyStatus::ERROR_SPENT_OUTPUTS_REQUIRED);
 246      }
 247  
 248      BOOST_CHECK(spent_script_pubkey.Verify(
 249          amount,
 250          spending_tx,
 251          precomputed_txdata,
 252          input_index,
 253          VERIFY_ALL_PRE_TAPROOT,
 254          status));
 255      BOOST_CHECK(status == ScriptVerifyStatus::OK);
 256  
 257      BOOST_CHECK(spent_script_pubkey.Verify(
 258          0,
 259          spending_tx,
 260          precomputed_txdata,
 261          input_index,
 262          VERIFY_ALL_PRE_SEGWIT,
 263          status));
 264      BOOST_CHECK(status == ScriptVerifyStatus::OK);
 265  }
 266  
 267  template <typename T>
 268  concept HasToBytes = requires(T t) { t.ToBytes(); };
 269  
 270  template <typename T>
 271  void CheckHandle(T object, T distinct_object)
 272  {
 273      BOOST_CHECK(object.get() != nullptr);
 274      BOOST_CHECK(distinct_object.get() != nullptr);
 275      BOOST_CHECK(object.get() != distinct_object.get());
 276  
 277      if constexpr (HasToBytes<T>) {
 278          const auto object_bytes = object.ToBytes();
 279          const auto distinct_bytes = distinct_object.ToBytes();
 280          BOOST_CHECK(!std::ranges::equal(object_bytes, distinct_bytes));
 281      }
 282  
 283      // Copy constructor
 284      T object2(distinct_object);
 285      BOOST_CHECK_NE(distinct_object.get(), object2.get());
 286      if constexpr (HasToBytes<T>) {
 287          check_equal(distinct_object.ToBytes(), object2.ToBytes());
 288      }
 289  
 290      // Copy assignment
 291      T object3{distinct_object};
 292      object2 = object3;
 293      BOOST_CHECK_NE(object3.get(), object2.get());
 294      if constexpr (HasToBytes<T>) {
 295          check_equal(object3.ToBytes(), object2.ToBytes());
 296      }
 297  
 298      // Move constructor
 299      auto* original_ptr = object2.get();
 300      T object4{std::move(object2)};
 301      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(object4.get(), original_ptr);
 302      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(object2.get(), nullptr); // NOLINT(bugprone-use-after-move)
 303      if constexpr (HasToBytes<T>) {
 304          check_equal(object4.ToBytes(), object3.ToBytes());
 305      }
 306  
 307      // Move assignment
 308      original_ptr = object4.get();
 309      object2 = std::move(object4);
 310      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(object2.get(), original_ptr);
 311      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(object4.get(), nullptr); // NOLINT(bugprone-use-after-move)
 312      if constexpr (HasToBytes<T>) {
 313          check_equal(object2.ToBytes(), object3.ToBytes());
 314      }
 315  }
 316  
 317  template <typename RangeType>
 318      requires std::ranges::random_access_range<RangeType>
 319  void CheckRange(const RangeType& range, size_t expected_size)
 320  {
 321      using value_type = std::ranges::range_value_t<RangeType>;
 322  
 323      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range.size(), expected_size);
 324      BOOST_REQUIRE(range.size() > 0); // Some checks below assume a non-empty range
 325      BOOST_REQUIRE(!range.empty());
 326  
 327      BOOST_CHECK(range.begin() != range.end());
 328      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(std::distance(range.begin(), range.end()), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(expected_size));
 329      BOOST_CHECK(range.cbegin() == range.begin());
 330      BOOST_CHECK(range.cend() == range.end());
 331  
 332      for (size_t i = 0; i < range.size(); ++i) {
 333          BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range[i].get(), (*(range.begin() + i)).get());
 334      }
 335  
 336      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(range.at(expected_size), std::out_of_range);
 337  
 338      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range.front().get(), range[0].get());
 339      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range.back().get(), range[expected_size - 1].get());
 340  
 341      auto it = range.begin();
 342      auto it_copy = it;
 343      ++it;
 344      BOOST_CHECK(it != it_copy);
 345      --it;
 346      BOOST_CHECK(it == it_copy);
 347      it = range.begin();
 348      auto old_it = it++;
 349      BOOST_CHECK(old_it == range.begin());
 350      BOOST_CHECK(it == range.begin() + 1);
 351      old_it = it--;
 352      BOOST_CHECK(old_it == range.begin() + 1);
 353      BOOST_CHECK(it == range.begin());
 354  
 355      it = range.begin();
 356      it += 2;
 357      BOOST_CHECK(it == range.begin() + 2);
 358      it -= 2;
 359      BOOST_CHECK(it == range.begin());
 360  
 361      BOOST_CHECK(range.begin() < range.end());
 362      BOOST_CHECK(range.begin() <= range.end());
 363      BOOST_CHECK(range.end() > range.begin());
 364      BOOST_CHECK(range.end() >= range.begin());
 365      BOOST_CHECK(range.begin() == range.begin());
 366  
 367      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(range.begin()[0].get(), range[0].get());
 368  
 369      size_t count = 0;
 370      for (auto rit = range.end(); rit != range.begin();) {
 371          --rit;
 372          ++count;
 373      }
 374      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(count, expected_size);
 375  
 376      std::vector<value_type> collected;
 377      for (const auto& elem : range) {
 378          collected.push_back(elem);
 379      }
 380      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(collected.size(), expected_size);
 381  
 382      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(std::ranges::size(range), expected_size);
 383  
 384      it = range.begin();
 385      auto it2 = 1 + it;
 386      BOOST_CHECK(it2 == it + 1);
 387  }
 388  
 389  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_transaction_tests)
 390  {
 391      auto tx_data{hex_string_to_byte_vec("02000000013f7cebd65c27431a90bba7f796914fe8cc2ddfc3f2cbd6f7e5f2fc854534da95000000006b483045022100de1ac3bcdfb0332207c4a91f3832bd2c2915840165f876ab47c5f8996b971c3602201c6c053d750fadde599e6f5c4e1963df0f01fc0d97815e8157e3d59fe09ca30d012103699b464d1d8bc9e47d4fb1cdaa89a1c5783d68363c4dbc4b524ed3d857148617feffffff02836d3c01000000001976a914fc25d6d5c94003bf5b0c7b640a248e2c637fcfb088ac7ada8202000000001976a914fbed3d9b11183209a57999d54d59f67c019e756c88ac6acb0700")};
 392      auto tx{Transaction{tx_data}};
 393      auto tx_data_2{hex_string_to_byte_vec("02000000000101904f4ee5c87d20090b642f116e458cd6693292ad9ece23e72f15fb6c05b956210500000000fdffffff02e2010000000000002251200839a723933b56560487ec4d67dda58f09bae518ffa7e148313c5696ac837d9f10060000000000002251205826bcdae7abfb1c468204170eab00d887b61ab143464a4a09e1450bdc59a3340140f26e7af574e647355830772946356c27e7bbc773c5293688890f58983499581be84de40be7311a14e6d6422605df086620e75adae84ff06b75ce5894de5e994a00000000")};
 394      auto tx2{Transaction{tx_data_2}};
 395      CheckHandle(tx, tx2);
 396  
 397      auto invalid_data = hex_string_to_byte_vec("012300");
 398      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(Transaction{invalid_data}, std::runtime_error);
 399      auto empty_data = hex_string_to_byte_vec("");
 400      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(Transaction{empty_data}, std::runtime_error);
 401  
 402      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(tx.CountOutputs(), 2);
 403      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(tx.CountInputs(), 1);
 404      auto broken_tx_data{std::span<std::byte>{tx_data.begin(), tx_data.begin() + 10}};
 405      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(Transaction{broken_tx_data}, std::runtime_error);
 406      auto output{tx.GetOutput(tx.CountOutputs() - 1)};
 407      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output.Amount(), 42130042);
 408      auto script_pubkey{output.GetScriptPubkey()};
 409      {
 410          auto tx_new{Transaction{tx_data}};
 411          // This is safe, because we now use copy assignment
 412          TransactionOutput output = tx_new.GetOutput(tx_new.CountOutputs() - 1);
 413          ScriptPubkey script = output.GetScriptPubkey();
 414  
 415          TransactionOutputView output2 = tx_new.GetOutput(tx_new.CountOutputs() - 1);
 416          BOOST_CHECK_NE(output.get(), output2.get());
 417          BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output.Amount(), output2.Amount());
 418          TransactionOutput output3 = output2;
 419          BOOST_CHECK_NE(output3.get(), output2.get());
 420          BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output3.Amount(), output2.Amount());
 421  
 422          // Non-owned view
 423          ScriptPubkeyView script2 = output.GetScriptPubkey();
 424          BOOST_CHECK_NE(script.get(), script2.get());
 425          check_equal(script.ToBytes(), script2.ToBytes());
 426  
 427          // Non-owned to owned
 428          ScriptPubkey script3 = script2;
 429          BOOST_CHECK_NE(script3.get(), script2.get());
 430          check_equal(script3.ToBytes(), script2.ToBytes());
 431      }
 432      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output.Amount(), 42130042);
 433  
 434      auto tx_roundtrip{Transaction{tx.ToBytes()}};
 435      check_equal(tx_roundtrip.ToBytes(), tx_data);
 436  
 437      // The following code is unsafe, but left here to show limitations of the
 438      // API, because we preserve the output view beyond the lifetime of the
 439      // transaction. The view type wrapper should make this clear to the user.
 440      // auto get_output = [&]() -> TransactionOutputView {
 441      //     auto tx{Transaction{tx_data}};
 442      //     return tx.GetOutput(0);
 443      // };
 444      // auto output_new = get_output();
 445      // BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output_new.Amount(), 20737411);
 446  
 447      int64_t total_amount{0};
 448      for (const auto output : tx.Outputs()) {
 449          total_amount += output.Amount();
 450      }
 451      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(total_amount, 62867453);
 452  
 453      auto amount = *(tx.Outputs() | std::ranges::views::filter([](const auto& output) {
 454                          return output.Amount() == 42130042;
 455                      }) |
 456                      std::views::transform([](const auto& output) {
 457                          return output.Amount();
 458                      })).begin();
 459      BOOST_REQUIRE(amount);
 460      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(amount, 42130042);
 461  
 462      CheckRange(tx.Outputs(), tx.CountOutputs());
 463  
 464      ScriptPubkey script_pubkey_roundtrip{script_pubkey.ToBytes()};
 465      check_equal(script_pubkey_roundtrip.ToBytes(), script_pubkey.ToBytes());
 466  }
 467  
 468  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_script_pubkey)
 469  {
 470      auto script_data{hex_string_to_byte_vec("76a9144bfbaf6afb76cc5771bc6404810d1cc041a6933988ac")};
 471      std::vector<std::byte> script_data_2 = script_data;
 472      script_data_2.push_back(std::byte{0x51});
 473      ScriptPubkey script{script_data};
 474      ScriptPubkey script2{script_data_2};
 475      CheckHandle(script, script2);
 476  
 477      std::span<std::byte> empty_data{};
 478      ScriptPubkey empty_script{empty_data};
 479      CheckHandle(script, empty_script);
 480  }
 481  
 482  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_transaction_output)
 483  {
 484      ScriptPubkey script{hex_string_to_byte_vec("76a9144bfbaf6afb76cc5771bc6404810d1cc041a6933988ac")};
 485      TransactionOutput output{script, 1};
 486      TransactionOutput output2{script, 2};
 487      CheckHandle(output, output2);
 488  }
 489  
 490  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_transaction_input)
 491  {
 492      Transaction tx{hex_string_to_byte_vec("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")};
 493      TransactionInput input_0 = tx.GetInput(0);
 494      TransactionInput input_1 = tx.GetInput(1);
 495      CheckHandle(input_0, input_1);
 496      CheckRange(tx.Inputs(), tx.CountInputs());
 497      OutPoint point_0 = input_0.OutPoint();
 498      OutPoint point_1 = input_1.OutPoint();
 499      CheckHandle(point_0, point_1);
 500  }
 501  
 502  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_precomputed_txdata) {
 503      auto tx_data{hex_string_to_byte_vec("02000000013f7cebd65c27431a90bba7f796914fe8cc2ddfc3f2cbd6f7e5f2fc854534da95000000006b483045022100de1ac3bcdfb0332207c4a91f3832bd2c2915840165f876ab47c5f8996b971c3602201c6c053d750fadde599e6f5c4e1963df0f01fc0d97815e8157e3d59fe09ca30d012103699b464d1d8bc9e47d4fb1cdaa89a1c5783d68363c4dbc4b524ed3d857148617feffffff02836d3c01000000001976a914fc25d6d5c94003bf5b0c7b640a248e2c637fcfb088ac7ada8202000000001976a914fbed3d9b11183209a57999d54d59f67c019e756c88ac6acb0700")};
 504      auto tx{Transaction{tx_data}};
 505      auto tx_data_2{hex_string_to_byte_vec("02000000000101904f4ee5c87d20090b642f116e458cd6693292ad9ece23e72f15fb6c05b956210500000000fdffffff02e2010000000000002251200839a723933b56560487ec4d67dda58f09bae518ffa7e148313c5696ac837d9f10060000000000002251205826bcdae7abfb1c468204170eab00d887b61ab143464a4a09e1450bdc59a3340140f26e7af574e647355830772946356c27e7bbc773c5293688890f58983499581be84de40be7311a14e6d6422605df086620e75adae84ff06b75ce5894de5e994a00000000")};
 506      auto tx2{Transaction{tx_data_2}};
 507      auto precomputed_txdata{PrecomputedTransactionData{
 508          /*tx_to=*/tx,
 509          /*spent_outputs=*/{},
 510      }};
 511      auto precomputed_txdata_2{PrecomputedTransactionData{
 512          /*tx_to=*/tx2,
 513          /*spent_outputs=*/{},
 514      }};
 515      CheckHandle(precomputed_txdata, precomputed_txdata_2);
 516  }
 517  
 518  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_script_verify_tests)
 519  {
 520      // Legacy transaction aca326a724eda9a461c10a876534ecd5ae7b27f10f26c3862fb996f80ea2d45d
 521      auto legacy_spent_script_pubkey{ScriptPubkey{hex_string_to_byte_vec("76a9144bfbaf6afb76cc5771bc6404810d1cc041a6933988ac")}};
 522      auto legacy_spending_tx{Transaction{hex_string_to_byte_vec("02000000013f7cebd65c27431a90bba7f796914fe8cc2ddfc3f2cbd6f7e5f2fc854534da95000000006b483045022100de1ac3bcdfb0332207c4a91f3832bd2c2915840165f876ab47c5f8996b971c3602201c6c053d750fadde599e6f5c4e1963df0f01fc0d97815e8157e3d59fe09ca30d012103699b464d1d8bc9e47d4fb1cdaa89a1c5783d68363c4dbc4b524ed3d857148617feffffff02836d3c01000000001976a914fc25d6d5c94003bf5b0c7b640a248e2c637fcfb088ac7ada8202000000001976a914fbed3d9b11183209a57999d54d59f67c019e756c88ac6acb0700")}};
 523      run_verify_test(
 524          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/legacy_spent_script_pubkey,
 525          /*spending_tx=*/legacy_spending_tx,
 526          /*precomputed_txdata=*/nullptr,
 527          /*amount=*/0,
 528          /*input_index=*/0,
 529          /*taproot=*/false);
 530  
 531      // Legacy transaction aca326a724eda9a461c10a876534ecd5ae7b27f10f26c3862fb996f80ea2d45d with precomputed_txdata
 532      auto legacy_precomputed_txdata{PrecomputedTransactionData{
 533          /*tx_to=*/legacy_spending_tx,
 534          /*spent_outputs=*/{},
 535      }};
 536      run_verify_test(
 537          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/legacy_spent_script_pubkey,
 538          /*spending_tx=*/legacy_spending_tx,
 539          /*precomputed_txdata=*/&legacy_precomputed_txdata,
 540          /*amount=*/0,
 541          /*input_index=*/0,
 542          /*taproot=*/false);
 543  
 544      // Segwit transaction 1a3e89644985fbbb41e0dcfe176739813542b5937003c46a07de1e3ee7a4a7f3
 545      auto segwit_spent_script_pubkey{ScriptPubkey{hex_string_to_byte_vec("0020701a8d401c84fb13e6baf169d59684e17abd9fa216c8cc5b9fc63d622ff8c58d")}};
 546      auto segwit_spending_tx{Transaction{hex_string_to_byte_vec("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")}};
 547      run_verify_test(
 548          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/segwit_spent_script_pubkey,
 549          /*spending_tx=*/segwit_spending_tx,
 550          /*precomputed_txdata=*/nullptr,
 551          /*amount=*/18393430,
 552          /*input_index=*/0,
 553          /*taproot=*/false);
 554  
 555      // Segwit transaction 1a3e89644985fbbb41e0dcfe176739813542b5937003c46a07de1e3ee7a4a7f3 with precomputed_txdata
 556      auto segwit_precomputed_txdata{PrecomputedTransactionData{
 557          /*tx_to=*/segwit_spending_tx,
 558          /*spent_outputs=*/{},
 559      }};
 560      run_verify_test(
 561          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/segwit_spent_script_pubkey,
 562          /*spending_tx=*/segwit_spending_tx,
 563          /*precomputed_txdata=*/&segwit_precomputed_txdata,
 564          /*amount=*/18393430,
 565          /*input_index=*/0,
 566          /*taproot=*/false);
 567  
 568      // Taproot transaction 33e794d097969002ee05d336686fc03c9e15a597c1b9827669460fac98799036
 569      auto taproot_spent_script_pubkey{ScriptPubkey{hex_string_to_byte_vec("5120339ce7e165e67d93adb3fef88a6d4beed33f01fa876f05a225242b82a631abc0")}};
 570      auto taproot_spending_tx{Transaction{hex_string_to_byte_vec("01000000000101d1f1c1f8cdf6759167b90f52c9ad358a369f95284e841d7a2536cef31c0549580100000000fdffffff020000000000000000316a2f49206c696b65205363686e6f7272207369677320616e6420492063616e6e6f74206c69652e204062697462756734329e06010000000000225120a37c3903c8d0db6512e2b40b0dffa05e5a3ab73603ce8c9c4b7771e5412328f90140a60c383f71bac0ec919b1d7dbc3eb72dd56e7aa99583615564f9f99b8ae4e837b758773a5b2e4c51348854c8389f008e05029db7f464a5ff2e01d5e6e626174affd30a00")}};
 571      std::vector<TransactionOutput> taproot_spent_outputs;
 572      taproot_spent_outputs.emplace_back(taproot_spent_script_pubkey, 88480);
 573      auto taproot_precomputed_txdata{PrecomputedTransactionData{
 574          /*tx_to=*/taproot_spending_tx,
 575          /*spent_outputs=*/taproot_spent_outputs,
 576      }};
 577      run_verify_test(
 578          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/taproot_spent_script_pubkey,
 579          /*spending_tx=*/taproot_spending_tx,
 580          /*precomputed_txdata=*/&taproot_precomputed_txdata,
 581          /*amount=*/88480,
 582          /*input_index=*/0,
 583          /*taproot=*/true);
 584  
 585      // Two-input taproot transaction e8e8320f40c31ed511570e9cdf1d241f8ec9a5cc392e6105240ac8dbea2098de
 586      auto taproot2_spent_script_pubkey0{ScriptPubkey{hex_string_to_byte_vec("5120b7da80f57e36930b0515eb09293e25858d13e6b91fee6184943f5a584cb4248e")}};
 587      auto taproot2_spent_script_pubkey1{ScriptPubkey{hex_string_to_byte_vec("5120ab78e077d062e7b8acd7063668b4db5355a1b5d5fd2a46a8e98e62e5e63fab77")}};
 588      auto taproot2_spending_tx{Transaction{hex_string_to_byte_vec("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")}};
 589      std::vector<TransactionOutput> taproot2_spent_outputs;
 590      taproot2_spent_outputs.emplace_back(taproot2_spent_script_pubkey0, 546);
 591      taproot2_spent_outputs.emplace_back(taproot2_spent_script_pubkey1, 135125);
 592      auto taproot2_precomputed_txdata{PrecomputedTransactionData{
 593          /*tx_to=*/taproot2_spending_tx,
 594          /*spent_outputs=*/taproot2_spent_outputs,
 595      }};
 596      run_verify_test(
 597          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/taproot2_spent_script_pubkey0,
 598          /*spending_tx=*/taproot2_spending_tx,
 599          /*precomputed_txdata=*/&taproot2_precomputed_txdata,
 600          /*amount=*/546,
 601          /*input_index=*/0,
 602          /*taproot=*/true);
 603      run_verify_test(
 604          /*spent_script_pubkey=*/taproot2_spent_script_pubkey1,
 605          /*spending_tx=*/taproot2_spending_tx,
 606          /*precomputed_txdata=*/&taproot2_precomputed_txdata,
 607          /*amount=*/135125,
 608          /*input_index=*/1,
 609          /*taproot=*/true);
 610  }
 611  
 612  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(logging_tests)
 613  {
 614      btck_LoggingOptions logging_options = {
 615          .log_timestamps = true,
 616          .log_time_micros = true,
 617          .log_threadnames = false,
 618          .log_sourcelocations = false,
 619          .always_print_category_levels = true,
 620      };
 621  
 622      logging_set_options(logging_options);
 623      logging_set_level_category(LogCategory::BENCH, LogLevel::TRACE_LEVEL);
 624      logging_disable_category(LogCategory::BENCH);
 625      logging_enable_category(LogCategory::VALIDATION);
 626      logging_disable_category(LogCategory::VALIDATION);
 627  
 628      // Check that connecting, connecting another, and then disconnecting and connecting a logger again works.
 629      {
 630          logging_set_level_category(LogCategory::KERNEL, LogLevel::TRACE_LEVEL);
 631          logging_enable_category(LogCategory::KERNEL);
 632          Logger logger{std::make_unique<TestLog>()};
 633          Logger logger_2{std::make_unique<TestLog>()};
 634      }
 635      Logger logger{std::make_unique<TestLog>()};
 636  }
 637  
 638  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_context_tests)
 639  {
 640      { // test default context
 641          Context context{};
 642          Context context2{};
 643          CheckHandle(context, context2);
 644      }
 645  
 646      { // test with context options, but not options set
 647          ContextOptions options{};
 648          Context context{options};
 649      }
 650  
 651      { // test with context options
 652          ContextOptions options{};
 653          ChainParams params{ChainType::MAINNET};
 654          ChainParams regtest_params{ChainType::REGTEST};
 655          CheckHandle(params, regtest_params);
 656          options.SetChainParams(params);
 657          options.SetNotifications(std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>());
 658          Context context{options};
 659      }
 660  }
 661  
 662  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_block_header_tests)
 663  {
 664      // Block header format: version(4) + prev_hash(32) + merkle_root(32) + timestamp(4) + bits(4) + nonce(4) = 80 bytes
 665      BlockHeader header_0{hex_string_to_byte_vec("00e07a26beaaeee2e71d7eb19279545edbaf15de0999983626ec00000000000000000000579cf78b65229bfb93f4a11463af2eaa5ad91780f27f5d147a423bea5f7e4cdf2a47e268b4dd01173a9662ee")};
 666      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(byte_span_to_hex_string_reversed(header_0.Hash().ToBytes()), "00000000000000000000325c7e14a4ee3b4fcb2343089a839287308a0ddbee4f");
 667      BlockHeader header_1{hex_string_to_byte_vec("00c00020e7cb7b4de21d26d55bd384017b8bb9333ac3b2b55bed00000000000000000000d91b4484f801b99f03d36b9d26cfa83420b67f81da12d7e6c1e7f364e743c5ba9946e268b4dd011799c8533d")};
 668      CheckHandle(header_0, header_1);
 669  
 670      // Test error handling for invalid data
 671      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(BlockHeader{hex_string_to_byte_vec("00")}, std::runtime_error);
 672      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(BlockHeader{hex_string_to_byte_vec("")}, std::runtime_error);
 673  
 674      // Test all header field accessors using mainnet block 1
 675      auto mainnet_block_1_header = hex_string_to_byte_vec("010000006fe28c0ab6f1b372c1a6a246ae63f74f931e8365e15a089c68d6190000000000982051fd1e4ba744bbbe680e1fee14677ba1a3c3540bf7b1cdb606e857233e0e61bc6649ffff001d01e36299");
 676      BlockHeader header{mainnet_block_1_header};
 677      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Version(), 1);
 678      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Timestamp(), 1231469665);
 679      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Bits(), 0x1d00ffff);
 680      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Nonce(), 2573394689);
 681      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(byte_span_to_hex_string_reversed(header.Hash().ToBytes()), "00000000839a8e6886ab5951d76f411475428afc90947ee320161bbf18eb6048");
 682      auto prev_hash = header.PrevHash();
 683      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(byte_span_to_hex_string_reversed(prev_hash.ToBytes()), "000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f");
 684  
 685      auto raw_block = hex_string_to_byte_vec("010000006fe28c0ab6f1b372c1a6a246ae63f74f931e8365e15a089c68d6190000000000982051fd1e4ba744bbbe680e1fee14677ba1a3c3540bf7b1cdb606e857233e0e61bc6649ffff001d01e362990101000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff0704ffff001d0104ffffffff0100f2052a0100000043410496b538e853519c726a2c91e61ec11600ae1390813a627c66fb8be7947be63c52da7589379515d4e0a604f8141781e62294721166bf621e73a82cbf2342c858eeac00000000");
 686      Block block{raw_block};
 687      BlockHeader block_header{block.GetHeader()};
 688      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(block_header.Version(), 1);
 689      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(block_header.Timestamp(), 1231469665);
 690      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(block_header.Bits(), 0x1d00ffff);
 691      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(block_header.Nonce(), 2573394689);
 692      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(byte_span_to_hex_string_reversed(block_header.Hash().ToBytes()), "00000000839a8e6886ab5951d76f411475428afc90947ee320161bbf18eb6048");
 693  }
 694  
 695  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_block)
 696  {
 697      Block block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[0])};
 698      Block block_100{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[100])};
 699      CheckHandle(block, block_100);
 700      Block block_tx{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[205])};
 701      CheckRange(block_tx.Transactions(), block_tx.CountTransactions());
 702      auto invalid_data = hex_string_to_byte_vec("012300");
 703      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(Block{invalid_data}, std::runtime_error);
 704      auto empty_data = hex_string_to_byte_vec("");
 705      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(Block{empty_data}, std::runtime_error);
 706  }
 707  
 708  Context create_context(std::shared_ptr<TestKernelNotifications> notifications, ChainType chain_type, std::shared_ptr<TestValidationInterface> validation_interface = nullptr)
 709  {
 710      ContextOptions options{};
 711      ChainParams params{chain_type};
 712      options.SetChainParams(params);
 713      options.SetNotifications(notifications);
 714      if (validation_interface) {
 715          options.SetValidationInterface(validation_interface);
 716      }
 717      auto context{Context{options}};
 718      return context;
 719  }
 720  
 721  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_chainman_tests)
 722  {
 723      Logger logger{std::make_unique<TestLog>()};
 724      auto test_directory{TestDirectory{"chainman_test_bitcoin_kernel"}};
 725  
 726      { // test with default context
 727          Context context{};
 728          ChainstateManagerOptions chainman_opts{context, test_directory.m_directory.string(), (test_directory.m_directory / "blocks").string()};
 729          ChainMan chainman{context, chainman_opts};
 730      }
 731  
 732      { // test with default context options
 733          ContextOptions options{};
 734          Context context{options};
 735          ChainstateManagerOptions chainman_opts{context, test_directory.m_directory.string(), (test_directory.m_directory / "blocks").string()};
 736          ChainMan chainman{context, chainman_opts};
 737      }
 738      { // null or empty data_directory or blocks_directory are not allowed
 739          Context context{};
 740          auto valid_dir{test_directory.m_directory.string()};
 741          std::vector<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> illegal_cases{
 742              {"", valid_dir},
 743              {valid_dir, {nullptr, 0}},
 744              {"", ""},
 745              {{nullptr, 0}, {nullptr, 0}},
 746          };
 747          for (auto& [data_dir, blocks_dir] : illegal_cases) {
 748              BOOST_CHECK_THROW(ChainstateManagerOptions(context, data_dir, blocks_dir),
 749                                std::runtime_error);
 750          };
 751      }
 752  
 753      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
 754      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::MAINNET)};
 755  
 756      ChainstateManagerOptions chainman_opts{context, test_directory.m_directory.string(), (test_directory.m_directory / "blocks").string()};
 757      chainman_opts.SetWorkerThreads(4);
 758      BOOST_CHECK(!chainman_opts.SetWipeDbs(/*wipe_block_tree=*/true, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false));
 759      BOOST_CHECK(chainman_opts.SetWipeDbs(/*wipe_block_tree=*/true, /*wipe_chainstate=*/true));
 760      BOOST_CHECK(chainman_opts.SetWipeDbs(/*wipe_block_tree=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/true));
 761      BOOST_CHECK(chainman_opts.SetWipeDbs(/*wipe_block_tree=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false));
 762      ChainMan chainman{context, chainman_opts};
 763  }
 764  
 765  std::unique_ptr<ChainMan> create_chainman(TestDirectory& test_directory,
 766                                            bool reindex,
 767                                            bool wipe_chainstate,
 768                                            bool block_tree_db_in_memory,
 769                                            bool chainstate_db_in_memory,
 770                                            Context& context)
 771  {
 772      ChainstateManagerOptions chainman_opts{context, test_directory.m_directory.string(), (test_directory.m_directory / "blocks").string()};
 773  
 774      if (reindex) {
 775          chainman_opts.SetWipeDbs(/*wipe_block_tree=*/reindex, /*wipe_chainstate=*/reindex);
 776      }
 777      if (wipe_chainstate) {
 778          chainman_opts.SetWipeDbs(/*wipe_block_tree=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/wipe_chainstate);
 779      }
 780      if (block_tree_db_in_memory) {
 781          chainman_opts.UpdateBlockTreeDbInMemory(block_tree_db_in_memory);
 782      }
 783      if (chainstate_db_in_memory) {
 784          chainman_opts.UpdateChainstateDbInMemory(chainstate_db_in_memory);
 785      }
 786  
 787      auto chainman{std::make_unique<ChainMan>(context, chainman_opts)};
 788      return chainman;
 789  }
 790  
 791  void chainman_reindex_test(TestDirectory& test_directory)
 792  {
 793      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
 794      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::MAINNET)};
 795      auto chainman{create_chainman(
 796          test_directory, /*reindex=*/true, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
 797          /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/false, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/false, context)};
 798  
 799      std::vector<std::string> import_files;
 800      BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ImportBlocks(import_files));
 801  
 802      // Sanity check some block retrievals
 803      auto chain{chainman->GetChain()};
 804      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(chain.GetByHeight(1000), std::runtime_error);
 805      auto genesis_index{chain.Entries().front()};
 806      BOOST_CHECK(!genesis_index.GetPrevious());
 807      auto genesis_block_raw{chainman->ReadBlock(genesis_index).value().ToBytes()};
 808      auto first_index{chain.GetByHeight(0)};
 809      auto first_block_raw{chainman->ReadBlock(genesis_index).value().ToBytes()};
 810      check_equal(genesis_block_raw, first_block_raw);
 811      auto height{first_index.GetHeight()};
 812      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(height, 0);
 813  
 814      auto next_index{chain.GetByHeight(first_index.GetHeight() + 1)};
 815      BOOST_CHECK(chain.Contains(next_index));
 816      auto next_block_data{chainman->ReadBlock(next_index).value().ToBytes()};
 817      auto tip_index{chain.Entries().back()};
 818      auto tip_block_data{chainman->ReadBlock(tip_index).value().ToBytes()};
 819      auto second_index{chain.GetByHeight(1)};
 820      auto second_block{chainman->ReadBlock(second_index).value()};
 821      auto second_block_data{second_block.ToBytes()};
 822      auto second_height{second_index.GetHeight()};
 823      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(second_height, 1);
 824      check_equal(next_block_data, tip_block_data);
 825      check_equal(next_block_data, second_block_data);
 826  
 827      auto second_hash{second_index.GetHash()};
 828      auto another_second_index{chainman->GetBlockTreeEntry(second_hash)};
 829      BOOST_CHECK(another_second_index);
 830      auto another_second_height{another_second_index->GetHeight()};
 831      auto second_block_hash{second_block.GetHash()};
 832      check_equal(second_block_hash.ToBytes(), second_hash.ToBytes());
 833      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(second_height, another_second_height);
 834  }
 835  
 836  void chainman_reindex_chainstate_test(TestDirectory& test_directory)
 837  {
 838      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
 839      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::MAINNET)};
 840      auto chainman{create_chainman(
 841          test_directory, /*reindex=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/true,
 842          /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/false, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/false, context)};
 843  
 844      std::vector<std::string> import_files;
 845      import_files.push_back((test_directory.m_directory / "blocks" / "blk00000.dat").string());
 846      BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ImportBlocks(import_files));
 847  }
 848  
 849  void chainman_mainnet_validation_test(TestDirectory& test_directory)
 850  {
 851      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
 852      auto validation_interface{std::make_shared<TestValidationInterface>()};
 853      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::MAINNET, validation_interface)};
 854      auto chainman{create_chainman(
 855          test_directory, /*reindex=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
 856          /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/false, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/false, context)};
 857  
 858      // mainnet block 1
 859      auto raw_block = hex_string_to_byte_vec("010000006fe28c0ab6f1b372c1a6a246ae63f74f931e8365e15a089c68d6190000000000982051fd1e4ba744bbbe680e1fee14677ba1a3c3540bf7b1cdb606e857233e0e61bc6649ffff001d01e362990101000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff0704ffff001d0104ffffffff0100f2052a0100000043410496b538e853519c726a2c91e61ec11600ae1390813a627c66fb8be7947be63c52da7589379515d4e0a604f8141781e62294721166bf621e73a82cbf2342c858eeac00000000");
 860      Block block{raw_block};
 861      BlockHeader header{block.GetHeader()};
 862      TransactionView tx{block.GetTransaction(block.CountTransactions() - 1)};
 863      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(byte_span_to_hex_string_reversed(tx.Txid().ToBytes()), "0e3e2357e806b6cdb1f70b54c3a3a17b6714ee1f0e68bebb44a74b1efd512098");
 864      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Version(), 1);
 865      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Timestamp(), 1231469665);
 866      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Bits(), 0x1d00ffff);
 867      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(header.Nonce(), 2573394689);
 868      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(tx.CountInputs(), 1);
 869      Transaction tx2 = tx;
 870      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(tx2.CountInputs(), 1);
 871      for (auto transaction : block.Transactions()) {
 872          BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(transaction.CountInputs(), 1);
 873      }
 874      auto output_counts = *(block.Transactions() | std::views::transform([](const auto& tx) {
 875                                 return tx.CountOutputs();
 876                             })).begin();
 877      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output_counts, 1);
 878  
 879      validation_interface->m_expected_valid_block.emplace(raw_block);
 880      auto ser_block{block.ToBytes()};
 881      check_equal(ser_block, raw_block);
 882      bool new_block = false;
 883      BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ProcessBlock(block, &new_block));
 884      BOOST_CHECK(new_block);
 885  
 886      validation_interface->m_expected_valid_block = std::nullopt;
 887      new_block = false;
 888      Block invalid_block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA.size() - 1])};
 889      BOOST_CHECK(!chainman->ProcessBlock(invalid_block, &new_block));
 890      BOOST_CHECK(!new_block);
 891  
 892      auto chain{chainman->GetChain()};
 893      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(chain.Height(), 1);
 894      auto tip{chain.Entries().back()};
 895      auto read_block{chainman->ReadBlock(tip)};
 896      BOOST_REQUIRE(read_block);
 897      check_equal(read_block.value().ToBytes(), raw_block);
 898  
 899      // Check that we can read the previous block
 900      BlockTreeEntry tip_2{*tip.GetPrevious()};
 901      Block read_block_2{*chainman->ReadBlock(tip_2)};
 902      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(chainman->ReadBlockSpentOutputs(tip_2).Count(), 0);
 903      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(chainman->ReadBlockSpentOutputs(tip).Count(), 0);
 904  
 905      // It should be an error if we go another block back, since the genesis has no ancestor
 906      BOOST_CHECK(!tip_2.GetPrevious());
 907  
 908      // If we try to validate it again, it should be a duplicate
 909      BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ProcessBlock(block, &new_block));
 910      BOOST_CHECK(!new_block);
 911  }
 912  
 913  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_chainman_mainnet_tests)
 914  {
 915      auto test_directory{TestDirectory{"mainnet_test_bitcoin_kernel"}};
 916      chainman_mainnet_validation_test(test_directory);
 917      chainman_reindex_test(test_directory);
 918      chainman_reindex_chainstate_test(test_directory);
 919  }
 920  
 921  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_block_hash_tests)
 922  {
 923      std::array<std::byte, 32> test_hash;
 924      std::array<std::byte, 32> test_hash_2;
 925      for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
 926          test_hash[i] = static_cast<std::byte>(i);
 927          test_hash_2[i] = static_cast<std::byte>(i + 1);
 928      }
 929      BlockHash block_hash{test_hash};
 930      BlockHash block_hash_2{test_hash_2};
 931      BOOST_CHECK(block_hash != block_hash_2);
 932      BOOST_CHECK(block_hash == block_hash);
 933      CheckHandle(block_hash, block_hash_2);
 934  }
 935  
 936  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_block_tree_entry_tests)
 937  {
 938      auto test_directory{TestDirectory{"block_tree_entry_test_bitcoin_kernel"}};
 939      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
 940      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::REGTEST)};
 941      auto chainman{create_chainman(
 942          test_directory,
 943          /*reindex=*/false,
 944          /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
 945          /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/true,
 946          /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/true,
 947          context)};
 948  
 949      // Process a couple of blocks
 950      for (size_t i{0}; i < 3; i++) {
 951          Block block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[i])};
 952          bool new_block{false};
 953          chainman->ProcessBlock(block, &new_block);
 954          BOOST_CHECK(new_block);
 955      }
 956  
 957      auto chain{chainman->GetChain()};
 958      auto entry_0{chain.GetByHeight(0)};
 959      auto entry_1{chain.GetByHeight(1)};
 960      auto entry_2{chain.GetByHeight(2)};
 961  
 962      // Test inequality
 963      BOOST_CHECK(entry_0 != entry_1);
 964      BOOST_CHECK(entry_1 != entry_2);
 965      BOOST_CHECK(entry_0 != entry_2);
 966  
 967      // Test equality with same entry
 968      BOOST_CHECK(entry_0 == chain.GetByHeight(0));
 969      BOOST_CHECK(entry_0 == BlockTreeEntry{entry_0});
 970      BOOST_CHECK(entry_1 == entry_1);
 971  
 972      // Test GetPrevious
 973      auto prev{entry_1.GetPrevious()};
 974      BOOST_CHECK(prev.has_value());
 975      BOOST_CHECK(prev.value() == entry_0);
 976  }
 977  
 978  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_chainman_in_memory_tests)
 979  {
 980      auto in_memory_test_directory{TestDirectory{"in-memory_test_bitcoin_kernel"}};
 981  
 982      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
 983      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::REGTEST)};
 984      auto chainman{create_chainman(
 985          in_memory_test_directory, /*reindex=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
 986          /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/true, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/true, context)};
 987  
 988      for (auto& raw_block : REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA) {
 989          Block block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(raw_block)};
 990          bool new_block{false};
 991          chainman->ProcessBlock(block, &new_block);
 992          BOOST_CHECK(new_block);
 993      }
 994  
 995      BOOST_CHECK(std::filesystem::exists(in_memory_test_directory.m_directory / "blocks"));
 996      BOOST_CHECK(!std::filesystem::exists(in_memory_test_directory.m_directory / "blocks" / "index"));
 997      BOOST_CHECK(!std::filesystem::exists(in_memory_test_directory.m_directory / "chainstate"));
 998  
 999      BOOST_CHECK(context.interrupt());
1000  }
1001  
1002  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(btck_chainman_regtest_tests)
1003  {
1004      auto test_directory{TestDirectory{"regtest_test_bitcoin_kernel"}};
1005  
1006      auto notifications{std::make_shared<TestKernelNotifications>()};
1007      auto context{create_context(notifications, ChainType::REGTEST)};
1008  
1009      {
1010          auto chainman{create_chainman(
1011              test_directory, /*reindex=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
1012              /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/false, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/false, context)};
1013          for (const auto& data : REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA) {
1014              Block block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(data)};
1015              BlockHeader header = block.GetHeader();
1016              BlockValidationState state{};
1017              BOOST_CHECK(state.GetBlockValidationResult() == BlockValidationResult::UNSET);
1018              BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ProcessBlockHeader(header, state));
1019              BOOST_CHECK(state.GetValidationMode() == ValidationMode::VALID);
1020              BlockTreeEntry entry{*chainman->GetBlockTreeEntry(header.Hash())};
1021              BOOST_CHECK(!chainman->GetChain().Contains(entry));
1022              BlockTreeEntry best_entry{chainman->GetBestEntry()};
1023              BlockHash hash{entry.GetHash()};
1024              BOOST_CHECK(hash == best_entry.GetHeader().Hash());
1025          }
1026      }
1027  
1028      // Validate 206 regtest blocks in total.
1029      // Stop halfway to check that it is possible to continue validating starting
1030      // from prior state.
1031      const size_t mid{REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA.size() / 2};
1032  
1033      {
1034          auto chainman{create_chainman(
1035              test_directory, /*reindex=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
1036              /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/false, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/false, context)};
1037          for (size_t i{0}; i < mid; i++) {
1038              Block block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[i])};
1039              bool new_block{false};
1040              BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ProcessBlock(block, &new_block));
1041              BOOST_CHECK(new_block);
1042          }
1043      }
1044  
1045      auto chainman{create_chainman(
1046          test_directory, /*reindex=*/false, /*wipe_chainstate=*/false,
1047          /*block_tree_db_in_memory=*/false, /*chainstate_db_in_memory=*/false, context)};
1048  
1049      for (size_t i{mid}; i < REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA.size(); i++) {
1050          Block block{hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[i])};
1051          bool new_block{false};
1052          BOOST_CHECK(chainman->ProcessBlock(block, &new_block));
1053          BOOST_CHECK(new_block);
1054      }
1055  
1056      auto chain = chainman->GetChain();
1057      auto tip = chain.Entries().back();
1058      auto read_block = chainman->ReadBlock(tip).value();
1059      check_equal(read_block.ToBytes(), hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA.size() - 1]));
1060  
1061      auto tip_2 = tip.GetPrevious().value();
1062      auto read_block_2 = chainman->ReadBlock(tip_2).value();
1063      check_equal(read_block_2.ToBytes(), hex_string_to_byte_vec(REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA[REGTEST_BLOCK_DATA.size() - 2]));
1064  
1065      Txid txid = read_block.Transactions()[0].Txid();
1066      Txid txid_2 = read_block_2.Transactions()[0].Txid();
1067      BOOST_CHECK(txid != txid_2);
1068      BOOST_CHECK(txid == txid);
1069      CheckHandle(txid, txid_2);
1070  
1071      auto find_transaction = [&chainman](const TxidView& target_txid) -> std::optional<Transaction> {
1072          auto chain = chainman->GetChain();
1073          for (const auto block_tree_entry : chain.Entries()) {
1074              auto block{chainman->ReadBlock(block_tree_entry)};
1075              for (const TransactionView transaction : block->Transactions()) {
1076                  if (transaction.Txid() == target_txid) {
1077                      return Transaction{transaction};
1078                  }
1079              }
1080          }
1081          return std::nullopt;
1082      };
1083  
1084      for (const auto block_tree_entry : chain.Entries()) {
1085          auto block{chainman->ReadBlock(block_tree_entry)};
1086          for (const auto transaction : block->Transactions()) {
1087              std::vector<TransactionInput> inputs;
1088              std::vector<TransactionOutput> spent_outputs;
1089              for (const auto input : transaction.Inputs()) {
1090                  OutPointView point = input.OutPoint();
1091                  if (point.index() == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
1092                      continue;
1093                  }
1094                  inputs.emplace_back(input);
1095                  BOOST_CHECK(point.Txid() != transaction.Txid());
1096                  std::optional<Transaction> tx = find_transaction(point.Txid());
1097                  BOOST_CHECK(tx.has_value());
1098                  BOOST_CHECK(point.Txid() == tx->Txid());
1099                  spent_outputs.emplace_back(tx->GetOutput(point.index()));
1100              }
1101              BOOST_CHECK(inputs.size() == spent_outputs.size());
1102              ScriptVerifyStatus status = ScriptVerifyStatus::OK;
1103              const PrecomputedTransactionData precomputed_txdata{transaction, spent_outputs};
1104              for (size_t i{0}; i < inputs.size(); ++i) {
1105                  BOOST_CHECK(spent_outputs[i].GetScriptPubkey().Verify(spent_outputs[i].Amount(), transaction, &precomputed_txdata, i, ScriptVerificationFlags::ALL, status));
1106              }
1107          }
1108      }
1109  
1110      // Read spent outputs for current tip and its previous block
1111      BlockSpentOutputs block_spent_outputs{chainman->ReadBlockSpentOutputs(tip)};
1112      BlockSpentOutputs block_spent_outputs_prev{chainman->ReadBlockSpentOutputs(*tip.GetPrevious())};
1113      CheckHandle(block_spent_outputs, block_spent_outputs_prev);
1114      CheckRange(block_spent_outputs_prev.TxsSpentOutputs(), block_spent_outputs_prev.Count());
1115      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(block_spent_outputs.Count(), 1);
1116  
1117      // Get transaction spent outputs from the last transaction in the two blocks
1118      TransactionSpentOutputsView transaction_spent_outputs{block_spent_outputs.GetTxSpentOutputs(block_spent_outputs.Count() - 1)};
1119      TransactionSpentOutputs owned_transaction_spent_outputs{transaction_spent_outputs};
1120      TransactionSpentOutputs owned_transaction_spent_outputs_prev{block_spent_outputs_prev.GetTxSpentOutputs(block_spent_outputs_prev.Count() - 1)};
1121      CheckHandle(owned_transaction_spent_outputs, owned_transaction_spent_outputs_prev);
1122      CheckRange(transaction_spent_outputs.Coins(), transaction_spent_outputs.Count());
1123  
1124      // Get the last coin from the transaction spent outputs
1125      CoinView coin{transaction_spent_outputs.GetCoin(transaction_spent_outputs.Count() - 1)};
1126      BOOST_CHECK(!coin.IsCoinbase());
1127      Coin owned_coin{coin};
1128      Coin owned_coin_prev{owned_transaction_spent_outputs_prev.GetCoin(owned_transaction_spent_outputs_prev.Count() - 1)};
1129      CheckHandle(owned_coin, owned_coin_prev);
1130  
1131      // Validate coin properties
1132      TransactionOutputView output = coin.GetOutput();
1133      uint32_t coin_height = coin.GetConfirmationHeight();
1134      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(coin_height, 205);
1135      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(output.Amount(), 100000000);
1136  
1137      // Test script pubkey serialization
1138      auto script_pubkey = output.GetScriptPubkey();
1139      auto script_pubkey_bytes{script_pubkey.ToBytes()};
1140      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(script_pubkey_bytes.size(), 22);
1141      auto round_trip_script_pubkey{ScriptPubkey(script_pubkey_bytes)};
1142      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(round_trip_script_pubkey.ToBytes().size(), 22);
1143  
1144      for (const auto tx_spent_outputs : block_spent_outputs.TxsSpentOutputs()) {
1145          for (const auto coins : tx_spent_outputs.Coins()) {
1146              BOOST_CHECK_GT(coins.GetOutput().Amount(), 1);
1147          }
1148      }
1149  
1150      CheckRange(chain.Entries(), chain.CountEntries());
1151  
1152      for (const BlockTreeEntry entry : chain.Entries()) {
1153          std::optional<Block> block{chainman->ReadBlock(entry)};
1154          if (block) {
1155              for (const TransactionView transaction : block->Transactions()) {
1156                  for (const TransactionOutputView output : transaction.Outputs()) {
1157                      // skip data carrier outputs
1158                      if ((unsigned char)output.GetScriptPubkey().ToBytes()[0] == 0x6a) {
1159                          continue;
1160                      }
1161                      BOOST_CHECK_GT(output.Amount(), 1);
1162                  }
1163              }
1164          }
1165      }
1166  
1167      int32_t count{0};
1168      for (const auto entry : chain.Entries()) {
1169          BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(entry.GetHeight(), count);
1170          ++count;
1171      }
1172      BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(count, chain.CountEntries());
1173  
1174  
1175      std::filesystem::remove_all(test_directory.m_directory / "blocks" / "blk00000.dat");
1176      BOOST_CHECK(!chainman->ReadBlock(tip_2).has_value());
1177      std::filesystem::remove_all(test_directory.m_directory / "blocks" / "rev00000.dat");
1178      BOOST_CHECK_THROW(chainman->ReadBlockSpentOutputs(tip), std::runtime_error);
1179  }