/ src / txrequest.cpp
txrequest.cpp
  1  // Copyright (c) 2020-2021 The Bitcoin Core developers
  2  // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
  3  // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
  4  
  5  #include <txrequest.h>
  6  
  7  #include <crypto/siphash.h>
  8  #include <net.h>
  9  #include <primitives/transaction.h>
 10  #include <random.h>
 11  #include <uint256.h>
 12  
 13  #include <boost/multi_index/indexed_by.hpp>
 14  #include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>
 15  #include <boost/multi_index/sequenced_index.hpp>
 16  #include <boost/multi_index/tag.hpp>
 17  #include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
 18  #include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
 19  
 20  #include <chrono>
 21  #include <unordered_map>
 22  #include <utility>
 23  
 24  #include <assert.h>
 25  
 26  namespace {
 27  
 28  /** The various states a (txhash,peer) pair can be in.
 29   *
 30   * Note that CANDIDATE is split up into 3 substates (DELAYED, BEST, READY), allowing more efficient implementation.
 31   * Also note that the sorting order of ByTxHashView relies on the specific order of values in this enum.
 32   *
 33   * Expected behaviour is:
 34   *   - When first announced by a peer, the state is CANDIDATE_DELAYED until reqtime is reached.
 35   *   - Announcements that have reached their reqtime but not been requested will be either CANDIDATE_READY or
 36   *     CANDIDATE_BEST. Neither of those has an expiration time; they remain in that state until they're requested or
 37   *     no longer needed. CANDIDATE_READY announcements are promoted to CANDIDATE_BEST when they're the best one left.
 38   *   - When requested, an announcement will be in state REQUESTED until expiry is reached.
 39   *   - If expiry is reached, or the peer replies to the request (either with NOTFOUND or the tx), the state becomes
 40   *     COMPLETED.
 41   */
 42  enum class State : uint8_t {
 43      /** A CANDIDATE announcement whose reqtime is in the future. */
 44      CANDIDATE_DELAYED,
 45      /** A CANDIDATE announcement that's not CANDIDATE_DELAYED or CANDIDATE_BEST. */
 46      CANDIDATE_READY,
 47      /** The best CANDIDATE for a given txhash; only if there is no REQUESTED announcement already for that txhash.
 48       *  The CANDIDATE_BEST is the highest-priority announcement among all CANDIDATE_READY (and _BEST) ones for that
 49       *  txhash. */
 50      CANDIDATE_BEST,
 51      /** A REQUESTED announcement. */
 52      REQUESTED,
 53      /** A COMPLETED announcement. */
 54      COMPLETED,
 55  };
 56  
 57  //! Type alias for sequence numbers.
 58  using SequenceNumber = uint64_t;
 59  
 60  /** An announcement. This is the data we track for each txid or wtxid that is announced to us by each peer. */
 61  struct Announcement {
 62      /** Txid or wtxid that was announced. */
 63      const uint256 m_txhash;
 64      /** For CANDIDATE_{DELAYED,BEST,READY} the reqtime; for REQUESTED the expiry. */
 65      std::chrono::microseconds m_time;
 66      /** What peer the request was from. */
 67      const NodeId m_peer;
 68      /** What sequence number this announcement has. */
 69      const SequenceNumber m_sequence : 59;
 70      /** Whether the request is preferred. */
 71      const bool m_preferred : 1;
 72      /** Whether this is a wtxid request. */
 73      const bool m_is_wtxid : 1;
 74  
 75      /** What state this announcement is in. */
 76      State m_state : 3 {State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED};
 77      State GetState() const { return m_state; }
 78      void SetState(State state) { m_state = state; }
 79  
 80      /** Whether this announcement is selected. There can be at most 1 selected peer per txhash. */
 81      bool IsSelected() const
 82      {
 83          return GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST || GetState() == State::REQUESTED;
 84      }
 85  
 86      /** Whether this announcement is waiting for a certain time to pass. */
 87      bool IsWaiting() const
 88      {
 89          return GetState() == State::REQUESTED || GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED;
 90      }
 91  
 92      /** Whether this announcement can feasibly be selected if the current IsSelected() one disappears. */
 93      bool IsSelectable() const
 94      {
 95          return GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_READY || GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST;
 96      }
 97  
 98      /** Construct a new announcement from scratch, initially in CANDIDATE_DELAYED state. */
 99      Announcement(const GenTxid& gtxid, NodeId peer, bool preferred, std::chrono::microseconds reqtime,
100                   SequenceNumber sequence)
101          : m_txhash(gtxid.GetHash()), m_time(reqtime), m_peer(peer), m_sequence(sequence), m_preferred(preferred),
102            m_is_wtxid{gtxid.IsWtxid()} {}
103  };
104  
105  //! Type alias for priorities.
106  using Priority = uint64_t;
107  
108  /** A functor with embedded salt that computes priority of an announcement.
109   *
110   * Higher priorities are selected first.
111   */
112  class PriorityComputer {
113      const uint64_t m_k0, m_k1;
114  public:
115      explicit PriorityComputer(bool deterministic) :
116          m_k0{deterministic ? 0 : FastRandomContext().rand64()},
117          m_k1{deterministic ? 0 : FastRandomContext().rand64()} {}
118  
119      Priority operator()(const uint256& txhash, NodeId peer, bool preferred) const
120      {
121          uint64_t low_bits = CSipHasher(m_k0, m_k1).Write(txhash).Write(peer).Finalize() >> 1;
122          return low_bits | uint64_t{preferred} << 63;
123      }
124  
125      Priority operator()(const Announcement& ann) const
126      {
127          return operator()(ann.m_txhash, ann.m_peer, ann.m_preferred);
128      }
129  };
130  
131  // Definitions for the 3 indexes used in the main data structure.
132  //
133  // Each index has a By* type to identify it, a By*View data type to represent the view of announcement it is sorted
134  // by, and an By*ViewExtractor type to convert an announcement into the By*View type.
135  // See https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_58_0/libs/multi_index/doc/reference/key_extraction.html#key_extractors
136  // for more information about the key extraction concept.
137  
138  // The ByPeer index is sorted by (peer, state == CANDIDATE_BEST, txhash)
139  //
140  // Uses:
141  // * Looking up existing announcements by peer/txhash, by checking both (peer, false, txhash) and
142  //   (peer, true, txhash).
143  // * Finding all CANDIDATE_BEST announcements for a given peer in GetRequestable.
144  struct ByPeer {};
145  using ByPeerView = std::tuple<NodeId, bool, const uint256&>;
146  struct ByPeerViewExtractor
147  {
148      using result_type = ByPeerView;
149      result_type operator()(const Announcement& ann) const
150      {
151          return ByPeerView{ann.m_peer, ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST, ann.m_txhash};
152      }
153  };
154  
155  // The ByTxHash index is sorted by (txhash, state, priority).
156  //
157  // Note: priority == 0 whenever state != CANDIDATE_READY.
158  //
159  // Uses:
160  // * Deleting all announcements with a given txhash in ForgetTxHash.
161  // * Finding the best CANDIDATE_READY to convert to CANDIDATE_BEST, when no other CANDIDATE_READY or REQUESTED
162  //   announcement exists for that txhash.
163  // * Determining when no more non-COMPLETED announcements for a given txhash exist, so the COMPLETED ones can be
164  //   deleted.
165  struct ByTxHash {};
166  using ByTxHashView = std::tuple<const uint256&, State, Priority>;
167  class ByTxHashViewExtractor {
168      const PriorityComputer& m_computer;
169  public:
170      explicit ByTxHashViewExtractor(const PriorityComputer& computer) : m_computer(computer) {}
171      using result_type = ByTxHashView;
172      result_type operator()(const Announcement& ann) const
173      {
174          const Priority prio = (ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_READY) ? m_computer(ann) : 0;
175          return ByTxHashView{ann.m_txhash, ann.GetState(), prio};
176      }
177  };
178  
179  enum class WaitState {
180      //! Used for announcements that need efficient testing of "is their timestamp in the future?".
181      FUTURE_EVENT,
182      //! Used for announcements whose timestamp is not relevant.
183      NO_EVENT,
184      //! Used for announcements that need efficient testing of "is their timestamp in the past?".
185      PAST_EVENT,
186  };
187  
188  WaitState GetWaitState(const Announcement& ann)
189  {
190      if (ann.IsWaiting()) return WaitState::FUTURE_EVENT;
191      if (ann.IsSelectable()) return WaitState::PAST_EVENT;
192      return WaitState::NO_EVENT;
193  }
194  
195  // The ByTime index is sorted by (wait_state, time).
196  //
197  // All announcements with a timestamp in the future can be found by iterating the index forward from the beginning.
198  // All announcements with a timestamp in the past can be found by iterating the index backwards from the end.
199  //
200  // Uses:
201  // * Finding CANDIDATE_DELAYED announcements whose reqtime has passed, and REQUESTED announcements whose expiry has
202  //   passed.
203  // * Finding CANDIDATE_READY/BEST announcements whose reqtime is in the future (when the clock time went backwards).
204  struct ByTime {};
205  using ByTimeView = std::pair<WaitState, std::chrono::microseconds>;
206  struct ByTimeViewExtractor
207  {
208      using result_type = ByTimeView;
209      result_type operator()(const Announcement& ann) const
210      {
211          return ByTimeView{GetWaitState(ann), ann.m_time};
212      }
213  };
214  
215  struct Announcement_Indices final : boost::multi_index::indexed_by<
216      boost::multi_index::ordered_unique<boost::multi_index::tag<ByPeer>, ByPeerViewExtractor>,
217      boost::multi_index::ordered_non_unique<boost::multi_index::tag<ByTxHash>, ByTxHashViewExtractor>,
218      boost::multi_index::ordered_non_unique<boost::multi_index::tag<ByTime>, ByTimeViewExtractor>
219  >
220  {};
221  
222  /** Data type for the main data structure (Announcement objects with ByPeer/ByTxHash/ByTime indexes). */
223  using Index = boost::multi_index_container<
224      Announcement,
225      Announcement_Indices
226  >;
227  
228  /** Helper type to simplify syntax of iterator types. */
229  template<typename Tag>
230  using Iter = typename Index::index<Tag>::type::iterator;
231  
232  /** Per-peer statistics object. */
233  struct PeerInfo {
234      size_t m_total = 0; //!< Total number of announcements for this peer.
235      size_t m_completed = 0; //!< Number of COMPLETED announcements for this peer.
236      size_t m_requested = 0; //!< Number of REQUESTED announcements for this peer.
237  };
238  
239  /** Per-txhash statistics object. Only used for sanity checking. */
240  struct TxHashInfo
241  {
242      //! Number of CANDIDATE_DELAYED announcements for this txhash.
243      size_t m_candidate_delayed = 0;
244      //! Number of CANDIDATE_READY announcements for this txhash.
245      size_t m_candidate_ready = 0;
246      //! Number of CANDIDATE_BEST announcements for this txhash (at most one).
247      size_t m_candidate_best = 0;
248      //! Number of REQUESTED announcements for this txhash (at most one; mutually exclusive with CANDIDATE_BEST).
249      size_t m_requested = 0;
250      //! The priority of the CANDIDATE_BEST announcement if one exists, or max() otherwise.
251      Priority m_priority_candidate_best = std::numeric_limits<Priority>::max();
252      //! The highest priority of all CANDIDATE_READY announcements (or min() if none exist).
253      Priority m_priority_best_candidate_ready = std::numeric_limits<Priority>::min();
254      //! All peers we have an announcement for this txhash for.
255      std::vector<NodeId> m_peers;
256  };
257  
258  /** Compare two PeerInfo objects. Only used for sanity checking. */
259  bool operator==(const PeerInfo& a, const PeerInfo& b)
260  {
261      return std::tie(a.m_total, a.m_completed, a.m_requested) ==
262             std::tie(b.m_total, b.m_completed, b.m_requested);
263  };
264  
265  /** (Re)compute the PeerInfo map from the index. Only used for sanity checking. */
266  std::unordered_map<NodeId, PeerInfo> RecomputePeerInfo(const Index& index)
267  {
268      std::unordered_map<NodeId, PeerInfo> ret;
269      for (const Announcement& ann : index) {
270          PeerInfo& info = ret[ann.m_peer];
271          ++info.m_total;
272          info.m_requested += (ann.GetState() == State::REQUESTED);
273          info.m_completed += (ann.GetState() == State::COMPLETED);
274      }
275      return ret;
276  }
277  
278  /** Compute the TxHashInfo map. Only used for sanity checking. */
279  std::map<uint256, TxHashInfo> ComputeTxHashInfo(const Index& index, const PriorityComputer& computer)
280  {
281      std::map<uint256, TxHashInfo> ret;
282      for (const Announcement& ann : index) {
283          TxHashInfo& info = ret[ann.m_txhash];
284          // Classify how many announcements of each state we have for this txhash.
285          info.m_candidate_delayed += (ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED);
286          info.m_candidate_ready += (ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_READY);
287          info.m_candidate_best += (ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST);
288          info.m_requested += (ann.GetState() == State::REQUESTED);
289          // And track the priority of the best CANDIDATE_READY/CANDIDATE_BEST announcements.
290          if (ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST) {
291              info.m_priority_candidate_best = computer(ann);
292          }
293          if (ann.GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_READY) {
294              info.m_priority_best_candidate_ready = std::max(info.m_priority_best_candidate_ready, computer(ann));
295          }
296          // Also keep track of which peers this txhash has an announcement for (so we can detect duplicates).
297          info.m_peers.push_back(ann.m_peer);
298      }
299      return ret;
300  }
301  
302  GenTxid ToGenTxid(const Announcement& ann)
303  {
304      return ann.m_is_wtxid ? GenTxid::Wtxid(ann.m_txhash) : GenTxid::Txid(ann.m_txhash);
305  }
306  
307  }  // namespace
308  
309  /** Actual implementation for TxRequestTracker's data structure. */
310  class TxRequestTracker::Impl {
311      //! The current sequence number. Increases for every announcement. This is used to sort txhashes returned by
312      //! GetRequestable in announcement order.
313      SequenceNumber m_current_sequence{0};
314  
315      //! This tracker's priority computer.
316      const PriorityComputer m_computer;
317  
318      //! This tracker's main data structure. See SanityCheck() for the invariants that apply to it.
319      Index m_index;
320  
321      //! Map with this tracker's per-peer statistics.
322      std::unordered_map<NodeId, PeerInfo> m_peerinfo;
323  
324  public:
325      void SanityCheck() const
326      {
327          // Recompute m_peerdata from m_index. This verifies the data in it as it should just be caching statistics
328          // on m_index. It also verifies the invariant that no PeerInfo announcements with m_total==0 exist.
329          assert(m_peerinfo == RecomputePeerInfo(m_index));
330  
331          // Calculate per-txhash statistics from m_index, and validate invariants.
332          for (auto& item : ComputeTxHashInfo(m_index, m_computer)) {
333              TxHashInfo& info = item.second;
334  
335              // Cannot have only COMPLETED peer (txhash should have been forgotten already)
336              assert(info.m_candidate_delayed + info.m_candidate_ready + info.m_candidate_best + info.m_requested > 0);
337  
338              // Can have at most 1 CANDIDATE_BEST/REQUESTED peer
339              assert(info.m_candidate_best + info.m_requested <= 1);
340  
341              // If there are any CANDIDATE_READY announcements, there must be exactly one CANDIDATE_BEST or REQUESTED
342              // announcement.
343              if (info.m_candidate_ready > 0) {
344                  assert(info.m_candidate_best + info.m_requested == 1);
345              }
346  
347              // If there is both a CANDIDATE_READY and a CANDIDATE_BEST announcement, the CANDIDATE_BEST one must be
348              // at least as good (equal or higher priority) as the best CANDIDATE_READY.
349              if (info.m_candidate_ready && info.m_candidate_best) {
350                  assert(info.m_priority_candidate_best >= info.m_priority_best_candidate_ready);
351              }
352  
353              // No txhash can have been announced by the same peer twice.
354              std::sort(info.m_peers.begin(), info.m_peers.end());
355              assert(std::adjacent_find(info.m_peers.begin(), info.m_peers.end()) == info.m_peers.end());
356          }
357      }
358  
359      void PostGetRequestableSanityCheck(std::chrono::microseconds now) const
360      {
361          for (const Announcement& ann : m_index) {
362              if (ann.IsWaiting()) {
363                  // REQUESTED and CANDIDATE_DELAYED must have a time in the future (they should have been converted
364                  // to COMPLETED/CANDIDATE_READY respectively).
365                  assert(ann.m_time > now);
366              } else if (ann.IsSelectable()) {
367                  // CANDIDATE_READY and CANDIDATE_BEST cannot have a time in the future (they should have remained
368                  // CANDIDATE_DELAYED, or should have been converted back to it if time went backwards).
369                  assert(ann.m_time <= now);
370              }
371          }
372      }
373  
374  private:
375      //! Wrapper around Index::...::erase that keeps m_peerinfo up to date.
376      template<typename Tag>
377      Iter<Tag> Erase(Iter<Tag> it)
378      {
379          auto peerit = m_peerinfo.find(it->m_peer);
380          peerit->second.m_completed -= it->GetState() == State::COMPLETED;
381          peerit->second.m_requested -= it->GetState() == State::REQUESTED;
382          if (--peerit->second.m_total == 0) m_peerinfo.erase(peerit);
383          return m_index.get<Tag>().erase(it);
384      }
385  
386      //! Wrapper around Index::...::modify that keeps m_peerinfo up to date.
387      template<typename Tag, typename Modifier>
388      void Modify(Iter<Tag> it, Modifier modifier)
389      {
390          auto peerit = m_peerinfo.find(it->m_peer);
391          peerit->second.m_completed -= it->GetState() == State::COMPLETED;
392          peerit->second.m_requested -= it->GetState() == State::REQUESTED;
393          m_index.get<Tag>().modify(it, std::move(modifier));
394          peerit->second.m_completed += it->GetState() == State::COMPLETED;
395          peerit->second.m_requested += it->GetState() == State::REQUESTED;
396      }
397  
398      //! Convert a CANDIDATE_DELAYED announcement into a CANDIDATE_READY. If this makes it the new best
399      //! CANDIDATE_READY (and no REQUESTED exists) and better than the CANDIDATE_BEST (if any), it becomes the new
400      //! CANDIDATE_BEST.
401      void PromoteCandidateReady(Iter<ByTxHash> it)
402      {
403          assert(it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end());
404          assert(it->GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED);
405          // Convert CANDIDATE_DELAYED to CANDIDATE_READY first.
406          Modify<ByTxHash>(it, [](Announcement& ann){ ann.SetState(State::CANDIDATE_READY); });
407          // The following code relies on the fact that the ByTxHash is sorted by txhash, and then by state (first
408          // _DELAYED, then _READY, then _BEST/REQUESTED). Within the _READY announcements, the best one (highest
409          // priority) comes last. Thus, if an existing _BEST exists for the same txhash that this announcement may
410          // be preferred over, it must immediately follow the newly created _READY.
411          auto it_next = std::next(it);
412          if (it_next == m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end() || it_next->m_txhash != it->m_txhash ||
413              it_next->GetState() == State::COMPLETED) {
414              // This is the new best CANDIDATE_READY, and there is no IsSelected() announcement for this txhash
415              // already.
416              Modify<ByTxHash>(it, [](Announcement& ann){ ann.SetState(State::CANDIDATE_BEST); });
417          } else if (it_next->GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST) {
418              Priority priority_old = m_computer(*it_next);
419              Priority priority_new = m_computer(*it);
420              if (priority_new > priority_old) {
421                  // There is a CANDIDATE_BEST announcement already, but this one is better.
422                  Modify<ByTxHash>(it_next, [](Announcement& ann){ ann.SetState(State::CANDIDATE_READY); });
423                  Modify<ByTxHash>(it, [](Announcement& ann){ ann.SetState(State::CANDIDATE_BEST); });
424              }
425          }
426      }
427  
428      //! Change the state of an announcement to something non-IsSelected(). If it was IsSelected(), the next best
429      //! announcement will be marked CANDIDATE_BEST.
430      void ChangeAndReselect(Iter<ByTxHash> it, State new_state)
431      {
432          assert(new_state == State::COMPLETED || new_state == State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED);
433          assert(it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end());
434          if (it->IsSelected() && it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().begin()) {
435              auto it_prev = std::prev(it);
436              // The next best CANDIDATE_READY, if any, immediately precedes the REQUESTED or CANDIDATE_BEST
437              // announcement in the ByTxHash index.
438              if (it_prev->m_txhash == it->m_txhash && it_prev->GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_READY) {
439                  // If one such CANDIDATE_READY exists (for this txhash), convert it to CANDIDATE_BEST.
440                  Modify<ByTxHash>(it_prev, [](Announcement& ann){ ann.SetState(State::CANDIDATE_BEST); });
441              }
442          }
443          Modify<ByTxHash>(it, [new_state](Announcement& ann){ ann.SetState(new_state); });
444      }
445  
446      //! Check if 'it' is the only announcement for a given txhash that isn't COMPLETED.
447      bool IsOnlyNonCompleted(Iter<ByTxHash> it)
448      {
449          assert(it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end());
450          assert(it->GetState() != State::COMPLETED); // Not allowed to call this on COMPLETED announcements.
451  
452          // This announcement has a predecessor that belongs to the same txhash. Due to ordering, and the
453          // fact that 'it' is not COMPLETED, its predecessor cannot be COMPLETED here.
454          if (it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().begin() && std::prev(it)->m_txhash == it->m_txhash) return false;
455  
456          // This announcement has a successor that belongs to the same txhash, and is not COMPLETED.
457          if (std::next(it) != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end() && std::next(it)->m_txhash == it->m_txhash &&
458              std::next(it)->GetState() != State::COMPLETED) return false;
459  
460          return true;
461      }
462  
463      /** Convert any announcement to a COMPLETED one. If there are no non-COMPLETED announcements left for this
464       *  txhash, they are deleted. If this was a REQUESTED announcement, and there are other CANDIDATEs left, the
465       *  best one is made CANDIDATE_BEST. Returns whether the announcement still exists. */
466      bool MakeCompleted(Iter<ByTxHash> it)
467      {
468          assert(it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end());
469  
470          // Nothing to be done if it's already COMPLETED.
471          if (it->GetState() == State::COMPLETED) return true;
472  
473          if (IsOnlyNonCompleted(it)) {
474              // This is the last non-COMPLETED announcement for this txhash. Delete all.
475              uint256 txhash = it->m_txhash;
476              do {
477                  it = Erase<ByTxHash>(it);
478              } while (it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end() && it->m_txhash == txhash);
479              return false;
480          }
481  
482          // Mark the announcement COMPLETED, and select the next best announcement (the first CANDIDATE_READY) if
483          // needed.
484          ChangeAndReselect(it, State::COMPLETED);
485  
486          return true;
487      }
488  
489      //! Make the data structure consistent with a given point in time:
490      //! - REQUESTED announcements with expiry <= now are turned into COMPLETED.
491      //! - CANDIDATE_DELAYED announcements with reqtime <= now are turned into CANDIDATE_{READY,BEST}.
492      //! - CANDIDATE_{READY,BEST} announcements with reqtime > now are turned into CANDIDATE_DELAYED.
493      void SetTimePoint(std::chrono::microseconds now, std::vector<std::pair<NodeId, GenTxid>>* expired)
494      {
495          if (expired) expired->clear();
496  
497          // Iterate over all CANDIDATE_DELAYED and REQUESTED from old to new, as long as they're in the past,
498          // and convert them to CANDIDATE_READY and COMPLETED respectively.
499          while (!m_index.empty()) {
500              auto it = m_index.get<ByTime>().begin();
501              if (it->GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED && it->m_time <= now) {
502                  PromoteCandidateReady(m_index.project<ByTxHash>(it));
503              } else if (it->GetState() == State::REQUESTED && it->m_time <= now) {
504                  if (expired) expired->emplace_back(it->m_peer, ToGenTxid(*it));
505                  MakeCompleted(m_index.project<ByTxHash>(it));
506              } else {
507                  break;
508              }
509          }
510  
511          while (!m_index.empty()) {
512              // If time went backwards, we may need to demote CANDIDATE_BEST and CANDIDATE_READY announcements back
513              // to CANDIDATE_DELAYED. This is an unusual edge case, and unlikely to matter in production. However,
514              // it makes it much easier to specify and test TxRequestTracker::Impl's behaviour.
515              auto it = std::prev(m_index.get<ByTime>().end());
516              if (it->IsSelectable() && it->m_time > now) {
517                  ChangeAndReselect(m_index.project<ByTxHash>(it), State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED);
518              } else {
519                  break;
520              }
521          }
522      }
523  
524  public:
525      explicit Impl(bool deterministic) :
526          m_computer(deterministic),
527          // Explicitly initialize m_index as we need to pass a reference to m_computer to ByTxHashViewExtractor.
528          m_index(boost::make_tuple(
529              boost::make_tuple(ByPeerViewExtractor(), std::less<ByPeerView>()),
530              boost::make_tuple(ByTxHashViewExtractor(m_computer), std::less<ByTxHashView>()),
531              boost::make_tuple(ByTimeViewExtractor(), std::less<ByTimeView>())
532          )) {}
533  
534      // Disable copying and assigning (a default copy won't work due the stateful ByTxHashViewExtractor).
535      Impl(const Impl&) = delete;
536      Impl& operator=(const Impl&) = delete;
537  
538      void DisconnectedPeer(NodeId peer)
539      {
540          auto& index = m_index.get<ByPeer>();
541          auto it = index.lower_bound(ByPeerView{peer, false, uint256::ZERO});
542          while (it != index.end() && it->m_peer == peer) {
543              // Check what to continue with after this iteration. 'it' will be deleted in what follows, so we need to
544              // decide what to continue with afterwards. There are a number of cases to consider:
545              // - std::next(it) is end() or belongs to a different peer. In that case, this is the last iteration
546              //   of the loop (denote this by setting it_next to end()).
547              // - 'it' is not the only non-COMPLETED announcement for its txhash. This means it will be deleted, but
548              //   no other Announcement objects will be modified. Continue with std::next(it) if it belongs to the
549              //   same peer, but decide this ahead of time (as 'it' may change position in what follows).
550              // - 'it' is the only non-COMPLETED announcement for its txhash. This means it will be deleted along
551              //   with all other announcements for the same txhash - which may include std::next(it). However, other
552              //   than 'it', no announcements for the same peer can be affected (due to (peer, txhash) uniqueness).
553              //   In other words, the situation where std::next(it) is deleted can only occur if std::next(it)
554              //   belongs to a different peer but the same txhash as 'it'. This is covered by the first bulletpoint
555              //   already, and we'll have set it_next to end().
556              auto it_next = (std::next(it) == index.end() || std::next(it)->m_peer != peer) ? index.end() :
557                  std::next(it);
558              // If the announcement isn't already COMPLETED, first make it COMPLETED (which will mark other
559              // CANDIDATEs as CANDIDATE_BEST, or delete all of a txhash's announcements if no non-COMPLETED ones are
560              // left).
561              if (MakeCompleted(m_index.project<ByTxHash>(it))) {
562                  // Then actually delete the announcement (unless it was already deleted by MakeCompleted).
563                  Erase<ByPeer>(it);
564              }
565              it = it_next;
566          }
567      }
568  
569      void ForgetTxHash(const uint256& txhash)
570      {
571          auto it = m_index.get<ByTxHash>().lower_bound(ByTxHashView{txhash, State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED, 0});
572          while (it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end() && it->m_txhash == txhash) {
573              it = Erase<ByTxHash>(it);
574          }
575      }
576  
577      void GetCandidatePeers(const uint256& txhash, std::vector<NodeId>& result_peers) const
578      {
579          auto it = m_index.get<ByTxHash>().lower_bound(ByTxHashView{txhash, State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED, 0});
580          while (it != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end() && it->m_txhash == txhash && it->GetState() != State::COMPLETED) {
581              result_peers.push_back(it->m_peer);
582              ++it;
583          }
584      }
585  
586      void ReceivedInv(NodeId peer, const GenTxid& gtxid, bool preferred,
587          std::chrono::microseconds reqtime)
588      {
589          // Bail out if we already have a CANDIDATE_BEST announcement for this (txhash, peer) combination. The case
590          // where there is a non-CANDIDATE_BEST announcement already will be caught by the uniqueness property of the
591          // ByPeer index when we try to emplace the new object below.
592          if (m_index.get<ByPeer>().count(ByPeerView{peer, true, gtxid.GetHash()})) return;
593  
594          // Try creating the announcement with CANDIDATE_DELAYED state (which will fail due to the uniqueness
595          // of the ByPeer index if a non-CANDIDATE_BEST announcement already exists with the same txhash and peer).
596          // Bail out in that case.
597          auto ret = m_index.get<ByPeer>().emplace(gtxid, peer, preferred, reqtime, m_current_sequence);
598          if (!ret.second) return;
599  
600          // Update accounting metadata.
601          ++m_peerinfo[peer].m_total;
602          ++m_current_sequence;
603      }
604  
605      //! Find the GenTxids to request now from peer.
606      std::vector<GenTxid> GetRequestable(NodeId peer, std::chrono::microseconds now,
607          std::vector<std::pair<NodeId, GenTxid>>* expired)
608      {
609          // Move time.
610          SetTimePoint(now, expired);
611  
612          // Find all CANDIDATE_BEST announcements for this peer.
613          std::vector<const Announcement*> selected;
614          auto it_peer = m_index.get<ByPeer>().lower_bound(ByPeerView{peer, true, uint256::ZERO});
615          while (it_peer != m_index.get<ByPeer>().end() && it_peer->m_peer == peer &&
616              it_peer->GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST) {
617              selected.emplace_back(&*it_peer);
618              ++it_peer;
619          }
620  
621          // Sort by sequence number.
622          std::sort(selected.begin(), selected.end(), [](const Announcement* a, const Announcement* b) {
623              return a->m_sequence < b->m_sequence;
624          });
625  
626          // Convert to GenTxid and return.
627          std::vector<GenTxid> ret;
628          ret.reserve(selected.size());
629          std::transform(selected.begin(), selected.end(), std::back_inserter(ret), [](const Announcement* ann) {
630              return ToGenTxid(*ann);
631          });
632          return ret;
633      }
634  
635      void RequestedTx(NodeId peer, const uint256& txhash, std::chrono::microseconds expiry)
636      {
637          auto it = m_index.get<ByPeer>().find(ByPeerView{peer, true, txhash});
638          if (it == m_index.get<ByPeer>().end()) {
639              // There is no CANDIDATE_BEST announcement, look for a _READY or _DELAYED instead. If the caller only
640              // ever invokes RequestedTx with the values returned by GetRequestable, and no other non-const functions
641              // other than ForgetTxHash and GetRequestable in between, this branch will never execute (as txhashes
642              // returned by GetRequestable always correspond to CANDIDATE_BEST announcements).
643  
644              it = m_index.get<ByPeer>().find(ByPeerView{peer, false, txhash});
645              if (it == m_index.get<ByPeer>().end() || (it->GetState() != State::CANDIDATE_DELAYED &&
646                                                        it->GetState() != State::CANDIDATE_READY)) {
647                  // There is no CANDIDATE announcement tracked for this peer, so we have nothing to do. Either this
648                  // txhash wasn't tracked at all (and the caller should have called ReceivedInv), or it was already
649                  // requested and/or completed for other reasons and this is just a superfluous RequestedTx call.
650                  return;
651              }
652  
653              // Look for an existing CANDIDATE_BEST or REQUESTED with the same txhash. We only need to do this if the
654              // found announcement had a different state than CANDIDATE_BEST. If it did, invariants guarantee that no
655              // other CANDIDATE_BEST or REQUESTED can exist.
656              auto it_old = m_index.get<ByTxHash>().lower_bound(ByTxHashView{txhash, State::CANDIDATE_BEST, 0});
657              if (it_old != m_index.get<ByTxHash>().end() && it_old->m_txhash == txhash) {
658                  if (it_old->GetState() == State::CANDIDATE_BEST) {
659                      // The data structure's invariants require that there can be at most one CANDIDATE_BEST or one
660                      // REQUESTED announcement per txhash (but not both simultaneously), so we have to convert any
661                      // existing CANDIDATE_BEST to another CANDIDATE_* when constructing another REQUESTED.
662                      // It doesn't matter whether we pick CANDIDATE_READY or _DELAYED here, as SetTimePoint()
663                      // will correct it at GetRequestable() time. If time only goes forward, it will always be
664                      // _READY, so pick that to avoid extra work in SetTimePoint().
665                      Modify<ByTxHash>(it_old, [](Announcement& ann) { ann.SetState(State::CANDIDATE_READY); });
666                  } else if (it_old->GetState() == State::REQUESTED) {
667                      // As we're no longer waiting for a response to the previous REQUESTED announcement, convert it
668                      // to COMPLETED. This also helps guaranteeing progress.
669                      Modify<ByTxHash>(it_old, [](Announcement& ann) { ann.SetState(State::COMPLETED); });
670                  }
671              }
672          }
673  
674          Modify<ByPeer>(it, [expiry](Announcement& ann) {
675              ann.SetState(State::REQUESTED);
676              ann.m_time = expiry;
677          });
678      }
679  
680      void ReceivedResponse(NodeId peer, const uint256& txhash)
681      {
682          // We need to search the ByPeer index for both (peer, false, txhash) and (peer, true, txhash).
683          auto it = m_index.get<ByPeer>().find(ByPeerView{peer, false, txhash});
684          if (it == m_index.get<ByPeer>().end()) {
685              it = m_index.get<ByPeer>().find(ByPeerView{peer, true, txhash});
686          }
687          if (it != m_index.get<ByPeer>().end()) MakeCompleted(m_index.project<ByTxHash>(it));
688      }
689  
690      size_t CountInFlight(NodeId peer) const
691      {
692          auto it = m_peerinfo.find(peer);
693          if (it != m_peerinfo.end()) return it->second.m_requested;
694          return 0;
695      }
696  
697      size_t CountCandidates(NodeId peer) const
698      {
699          auto it = m_peerinfo.find(peer);
700          if (it != m_peerinfo.end()) return it->second.m_total - it->second.m_requested - it->second.m_completed;
701          return 0;
702      }
703  
704      size_t Count(NodeId peer) const
705      {
706          auto it = m_peerinfo.find(peer);
707          if (it != m_peerinfo.end()) return it->second.m_total;
708          return 0;
709      }
710  
711      //! Count how many announcements are being tracked in total across all peers and transactions.
712      size_t Size() const { return m_index.size(); }
713  
714      uint64_t ComputePriority(const uint256& txhash, NodeId peer, bool preferred) const
715      {
716          // Return Priority as a uint64_t as Priority is internal.
717          return uint64_t{m_computer(txhash, peer, preferred)};
718      }
719  
720  };
721  
722  TxRequestTracker::TxRequestTracker(bool deterministic) :
723      m_impl{std::make_unique<TxRequestTracker::Impl>(deterministic)} {}
724  
725  TxRequestTracker::~TxRequestTracker() = default;
726  
727  void TxRequestTracker::ForgetTxHash(const uint256& txhash) { m_impl->ForgetTxHash(txhash); }
728  void TxRequestTracker::DisconnectedPeer(NodeId peer) { m_impl->DisconnectedPeer(peer); }
729  size_t TxRequestTracker::CountInFlight(NodeId peer) const { return m_impl->CountInFlight(peer); }
730  size_t TxRequestTracker::CountCandidates(NodeId peer) const { return m_impl->CountCandidates(peer); }
731  size_t TxRequestTracker::Count(NodeId peer) const { return m_impl->Count(peer); }
732  size_t TxRequestTracker::Size() const { return m_impl->Size(); }
733  void TxRequestTracker::GetCandidatePeers(const uint256& txhash, std::vector<NodeId>& result_peers) const { return m_impl->GetCandidatePeers(txhash, result_peers); }
734  void TxRequestTracker::SanityCheck() const { m_impl->SanityCheck(); }
735  
736  void TxRequestTracker::PostGetRequestableSanityCheck(std::chrono::microseconds now) const
737  {
738      m_impl->PostGetRequestableSanityCheck(now);
739  }
740  
741  void TxRequestTracker::ReceivedInv(NodeId peer, const GenTxid& gtxid, bool preferred,
742      std::chrono::microseconds reqtime)
743  {
744      m_impl->ReceivedInv(peer, gtxid, preferred, reqtime);
745  }
746  
747  void TxRequestTracker::RequestedTx(NodeId peer, const uint256& txhash, std::chrono::microseconds expiry)
748  {
749      m_impl->RequestedTx(peer, txhash, expiry);
750  }
751  
752  void TxRequestTracker::ReceivedResponse(NodeId peer, const uint256& txhash)
753  {
754      m_impl->ReceivedResponse(peer, txhash);
755  }
756  
757  std::vector<GenTxid> TxRequestTracker::GetRequestable(NodeId peer, std::chrono::microseconds now,
758      std::vector<std::pair<NodeId, GenTxid>>* expired)
759  {
760      return m_impl->GetRequestable(peer, now, expired);
761  }
762  
763  uint64_t TxRequestTracker::ComputePriority(const uint256& txhash, NodeId peer, bool preferred) const
764  {
765      return m_impl->ComputePriority(txhash, peer, preferred);
766  }